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1、GOST R 51175-98 S T A T E S T A N D A R D O F T H E R U S S I A N F E D E R A T I O N GEAR WHEELS FOR TRACTION GEARING OF TRACTION ROLLING STOCK OF MAIN-LINE RAILWAYS SPECIFICATIONS Official Edition English Version Approved by Interstandard GOSSTANDART OF RUSSIA M o s c o w 51175-98 II Foreword 1 DE
2、VELOPED by Interstate Technical Committee for Standardization ITC 236 “Diesel locomotives and track machines“ and Scientific Research Institute of Diesel Locomotives and Track Machines SUBMITTED by Interstate Technical Committee for Standardization ITC 236 “Diesel locomotives and track machines“ 2 A
3、PPROVED AND INTRODUCED by Decree No. 243, dated 03.06.98, of Gosstandart of Russia 3 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME Standards Publishing House, 1998 This Standard may not be reproduced, in full or in part, reprinted or distributed as an official publication without the permission of Gosstandart of Ru
4、ssia 51175-98 1 S T A T E S T A N D A R D O F T H E R U S S I A N F E D E R A T I O N GEAR WHEELS FOR TRACTION GEARING OF TRACTION ROLLING STOCK OF MAIN-LINE RAILWAYS Specifications Date of introduction 01.01.99 1 SCOPE This Standard applies to involute spur driving gears (hereinafter referred to as
5、 gears) and driven spur, helical and herring-bone gear wheels (hereinafter referred to as wheels) or built-up gear wheels rims, used in traction gearing of diesel locomotives, electric locomotives and motor-car rolling stock (hereinafter referred to as MCRS). The terms of this Standard are obligator
6、y. 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES The following standards are referred to in this Standard: GOST 3.1109-82 ESKD (Unified System of Technical Documentation). Basic concepts terms and definitions GOST 9.014-78 ESZKS (Unified System of Protection against Corrosion and Aging). Temporary anticorrosive protection
7、 of products. General requirements GOST 12.2.003-91 OSSS (Occupational Safety Standards System). Production equipment. General safety requirements GOST 12.2.009-99. Metal-working machinery. General safety requirements GOST 12.3.002-75 OSSS. (Occupational Safety Standards System). Production processe
8、s. General safety requirements GOST 801-78 Roller-bearing steel. Specifications GOST 1497-84 Metals. Tensile test methods GOST 1643-81 Basic interchangeability norms. Cylindrical gearings. Tolerances GOST 2789-73 Surface roughness. Parameters and characteristics GOST 4543-71 Alloyed structural rolle
9、d steel. Specifications GOST 5639-82 Steels and alloys. Grain size revealing and determination methods GOST 7566-94 Rolled metal and products for further recast. Acceptance, marking, packing, transportation and storage procedure GOST 9012-59 Metals. Brinell hardness test GOST 9013-59 Metals. Rockwel
10、l hardness test GOST 9450-76 Measurement of microhardness by diamond point penetration GOST 9454-78 Metals. Impact bending test method at low, room and high temperature Official Edition Amendments Nos. 1 and 2 are inserted, approved in March 2000, January 2002 (IUS Standards Information Catalog Nos.
11、 5-2000, 5-2002) 51175-98 2 GOST 13755-81 Basic interchangeability norms. Involute cylindrical gearings. Original profile GOST 15150-69 Machinery, devices and other technical products. Modifications for various climatic regions. Categories, operating, storage and transportation conditions regarding
12、the environmental climatic factors effect GOST 16530-83 Gearing. General terms, definitions and designations GOST 19905-74 Metal products hardening by chemicothermal surface treatment. General requirements structure GOST 21105-87 Nondestructive inspection. Magnaflux method GOST R 51220-98 Gear wheel
13、s for traction gearing of traction rolling stock of main-line railways. Billets. General specifications 3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Terms and definitions in accordance with to GOST 3.1109 and GOST 16530 are used in this Standard. For this Standard the term “gear-wheels” means that the concepts of drivin
14、g and driven gear wheels are used simultaneously and relates to any of them. 4 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Gears and wheels shall be produced according to the requirements of this Standard pursuant to the working drawings approved in accordance with the established procedure. 4.2 Gears shall be produ
15、ced from steel of grades 203, 2024, 1224 in accordance with GOST 4543 or 4 in accordance with GOST 801. It is allowed to apply steel of grade 45 in accordance with GOST 4543 to produce the driving gears with face cogs for electric locomotives of series . 4.3 Wheels or their crowns shall be produced
16、from steel of grades 45, 303, 20, 2024 in accordance with GOST 4543. Helical wheels of electric locomotives wheel pairs made of steel 55 () under specifications 1 without thermostrengthening of working surfaces may be produced for the repair purposes and for bearing-axle drive. 4.4 The austenite gra
17、in size of casehardened steels shall be no larger than number 5 in accordance with GOST 5639. 4.5 The gears and wheels billets shall be produced by forging, hot forming, forging with rolling or hot forming with rolling in accordance with the requirements of normative documents. 4.5.1 After manufactu
18、ring the billets shall be subjected to annealing. After annealing the hardness shall be no more than 269 (indentation diameter d shall be no less than 3.7 mm in accordance with GOST 9012). Other types of thermal treatment eliminating flakes formation are allowed. 4.5.2 The wheels and gears billets s
19、hall have no flakes, cracks, contraction cavities and marked segregation, whose absence shall be the guaranteed by the billets manufacturer. 4.5.3 The gears and wheels billets produced by forging or hot forming shall comply with the requirements of GOST R 51220. 4.5.4 The gears and wheels billets pr
20、oduced by forging with rolling or hot forming with rolling shall comply with the requirements of GOST R 51220. 4.5.5 After rough machining the gear wheels billets (except for case-hardened or carbonitrided) shall be subjected to improvement (by volumetric hardening and negative hardening). It is all
21、owed to subject the billets to other type of thermal treatment providing the set mechanical properties. 4.5.6 Gear forgings made of steel 4 shall be subjected to annealing for divorced pearlite, point 2 to 4 by scale No. 8, carbide grid shall be not higher than point 3 by scale No. 4 of GOST 801. Me
22、chanical properties shall be determined on reference specimens cut from the billet heat-treated together with gears. Mechanical properties of a billet for sample are specified in table 1. -,-,- 51175-98 3 T a b l e 1 Mechanical properties, not less Billet dimensions, mm Type of billet thermal treatm
23、ent t C Point of maximum load , MPa (kgf/mm2) Yield point , MPa (kgf/mm2) Percent elongation , % Percent contraction , % Impact strength KCU, J/cm2 (kgfm/cm2) 19014060 Annealing 588 314 17 40 30 760 to 770 (60) (32) (3) 4.6 The working cogs surfaces and hollows surfaces shall be strengthened: - gear
24、s, wheels and their crows made of steel 203 or 2024 shall be subjected to chemicothermal surface treatment (case-hardening or carbonitriding). General requirements for chemicothermal treatment shall comply with GOST 19905; - gears made of steel 4, gears for electric locomotives of series with face c
25、ogs made of steel 45 and wheels made of steel 45 and 303 shall be subjected to hardening with high frequency current (hereinafter referred to as RFC) heating. The following hardenings shall be applied: contouring lengthwise the full cog profile including the hollow, or sector - with obligatory stren
26、gthening of a transient zone from the hardened case to the hollow (hereinafter referred to as transient zone) and of the hollow by means of knurling with a roller. Abruption of the hardened case for the sector hardening shall be at a distance of 4 to 7 mm from the hollow bottom. 4.7 Original profile
27、 of gear wheels shall comply with GOST 13755. Application of cogs original profile differing from GOST 13755 is allowed, if it provides the increase of load-carrying capacity and durability of gearing, confirmed by comparison tests. The following deviations from original profile in accordance with G
28、OST 13755 are allowed: ) depending on gearing design features, cogs may be subjected to modification along the full length: for spur wheels - by means of one- or two-sided rectilinear or curvilinear scarf, for helical wheels - by means of changing the cog line inclination (shall be carried out in th
29、e following variants: on a gear; on a wheel; on a gear and on a wheel); b) radius of curvature of transition curve from the cog active surface to the hollow shall be not less than 0.4 gearing modulus (hereinafter referred to as modulus); c) for gears and wheels strengthened by chemicothermal surface
30、 treatment or by RFC contouring hardening, the further processing by grinding or with a blade cemented-carbide tool shall be carried out lengthwise the full contour without the fillet surface ledges. The cog profile with the fillet surface undercut is allowed, which is formed by means of a milling c
31、utter with a prominence. In this case the cogs undercut and hollow surfaces shall not be grinded during finishing. For wheels and crowns strengthened by sector hardening, the cog working surface shall be grinded. The hollow shall not be grinded; d) A ledge of the radius of no less than 2 mm is allow
32、ed in the place of conjugation of the cog working surface, strengthened by sector hardening, with the rolled hollow. The ledge form and dimensions shall be established in the drawing. 4.8 The cog active surface roughness Ra shall be no more than 1.6; for hollows Ra shall be no more than 6.3 in accor
33、dance with GOST 2789. 4.9 The wheels and gears hardened case parameters shall comply with those specified in table 2. 51175-98 4 T a b l e 2 Type of hardening Case-hardening or carbonitriding with further hardening and tempering RFC surface hardening lengthwise the full cog contour with tempering RF
34、C surface hardening of cog working surfaces (sector hardening) with further tempering and hardening of transition zone and a hollow by knurling with a roller Name of parameter Gear Wheel Gear Wheel Wheel Hardened case thickness depending on modulus m, mm: - of active surface 0.2m 0.4 0.2m 0.4 0.5m 2
35、 0.5m 2 0.5m 2 - of hollow 0.2m 0.4 0.2m 0.4 1 to 2 1 to 2 - of transition zone and hollow, no less than 2 Hardness of hardened case, HRC: - lengthwise the cog contour* 59 4 3 + Not less than 56 Not less than 55 513 - of active surfaces 513 - of transition zone and hollow More than the basic metal h
36、ardness by 10 % and over * When gathering the gearing, the difference between the gear and the wheel hardness shall be not less than 2 units HRC. 4.10 Mechanical properties of the wheel and gear material shall comply with the norms specified in table 3. T a b l e 3 Mechanical properties, not less th
37、an Point of maximum load , MPa (kgf/mm2) Yield point , MPa (kgf/mm2) Percent contraction , % Percent elongation , % Impact strength KCU, J/cm2 (kgfm/cm2) Hardness of basic metal, (HRC) For RFC strengthening 830 (85) 590 (60) 35 10 44 (4.5) 255 to 302 (26 to 31) For strengthening by case-hardening 93
38、1 (95) 735 (75) 45 10 78 (8) No less than 294 (30) 51175-98 5 4.11 The wheels and gears macro- and microstructure shall comply with standards approved in accordance with the established procedure. 4.12 No cracks, burns, skins, folds, blisters, black spots and calx are allowed on cog working surfaces
39、 of wheels and gears. On the surfaces that are not subjected to mechanical treatment the local irregularity, hairlines, calx imprints, presence of molded non-detached calx are allowed, provided that their depth does not bring the part cross-section beyond the maximum deviations, and the useful life
40、parameters according to 9.2 and 9.3 are preserved. The allowable area of the above defects shall be agreed with the customer. 4.13 Norms of kinematic accuracy, operational smoothness and contact of cogs shall be not lower than those specified in table 4. T a b l e 4 Parameters of accuracy degree of
41、gear wheels for various types of rolling stock Degree of accuracy by norms, GOST 1643 Type of rolling stock kinematic accuracy operational smoothness contact of cogs Type of conjugation by side clearance norms, GOST 1643 Freight diesel locomotives, electric locomotives with structural speed up to 10
42、0 km/h, diesel locomotive shunters 8 8 8 A Passenger electric locomotives, diesel locomotives, MCRS with structural speed: - up to 130 km/h 7 7 7 B - up to 160 km/h 7 6 6 B Passenger electric locomotives, diesel locomotives, MCRS with structural speed over 160 km/h: - for helical wheels 7 6 6 A - fo
43、r spur wheels 6 6 6 C 4.14 During all the service life each wheel shall be accompanied by a characteristics sheet drawn up in accordance with Appendix 9 of Instructions of Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation 2. 4.15 Marking shall be put on each crown and gear face surfaces. Marking shall
44、be placed: - on a crown or wheel surface inverted inside the wheel pair; - on a gear side opposite to the engine. Marking shall contain: - conventional number or trademark of the manufacturer; - gear wheel (crown) serial number; - steel grade; - tap number; - the month (with Roman numerals) and the
45、year (two last figures) of manufacture. The marking dimensions and mode of putting, and also the place of stamp allocation shall be established in accordance with the Instruction of Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation 2. 5 ACCEPTANCE PROCEDURE 5.1 To check the conformity of gear wheels to
46、 the requirements of this Standard, design and technological documentation, the manufacturer shall carry out the acceptance and periodic tests of finished gears and wheels. 5.2 Acceptance test includes the complete and random inspection. 5.2.1 The following shall be monitored in the course of gear w
47、heels complete inspection: ) the conformity of the chemical composition fusion data to the steel grade; the austenite grain size in accordance with 4.4; the source metal mechanical properties in accordance with a certificate, except for steel grade 4; 51175-98 6 b) the billets delivery test results
48、conformity to the requirements of 4.5.3 and 4.5.4; c) absence of defects in accordance with 4.12 for each wheel and gear; d) the cog surface roughness in accordance with 4.8 for each wheel and gear; e) cog thickness of gear wheels; f) radial runout on each half-herring-bone and on a wheel rim with t
49、he marking of the place of its maximal value for compound herring-bone gears. 5.2.2 The following shall be monitored in the course of gear wheels random inspection: a) the hardened case hardness on one gear and one wheel from a tempering charge. In case a charge consists of gears and wheels from different taps, the hardness shall be checked on o