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1、 IEEE Std 977-1991 IEEE Guide to Installation of Foundations for Transmission Line Structures IEEE Standards Board Approved March 21, 1991 Sponsor Transmission and Distribution Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Abstract: Various approaches to good construction practices that could impr
2、ove the installation of transmission line structure foundations are presented. Spread foundations, drilled shaft founda- tions, pile foundations, and anchors are treated. This guide is intended to be used as a reference source for those involved in the ownership, design, and construction of transmis
3、sion structures. Keywords: Anchor, foundation, pile. _ The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA 1991 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All right reserved. Published 1991 Printed in the United States of
4、 America Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data will be found on the following page. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written per- mission of the publisher. Copyright The Institute of Electrical a
5、nd Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:05:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Committees of
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14、cataway, NJ 08555-1331 USA IEEE Standards documents are adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers without regard to whether their adoption may involve patents on articles, materials, or pro- cesses. Such adoption does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it a
15、ssume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the standards documents. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:05:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking
16、permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Foreword (This Foreword is not a part of IEEE Std 977-1991, IEEE Guide to Installation of Foundations for Transmission Line Structures.) This guide is one of several documents, covering all aspects of overhead transmission line construction, that are being pr
17、epared by the Working Group on Construction of Overhead Lines of the Towers, Poles, and Con- ductors Subcommittee of the Transmission and Distribution Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society. This guide presents, in one document, the considerations necessary for the installation of founda- t
18、ions for transmission line structures. This guide is intended to be used as a reference source for parties involved in the ownership, design, and construction of transmission lines. This guide was developed by a task force of the Working Group on Construction of Overhead Lines. At the time that this
19、 guide was approved, the task force had the following membership: T. E. Rodgers, Jr. , Chair D. E. Bobbitt F. H. Kulhawy R. C. Latham R. R. Melcher C. C. Perigo W. O. Reeside The balloting group that balloted and approved this guide for submission to the IEEE Standards Board had the following member
20、ship: J. J. Burke M. L. Charest V. L. Chartier A. G. Davidson J. C. Engimann L. H. Fink I. S. Grant G. Karady H. Lam K. E. Lindsey T. J. McCarthy T. J. McDermott J. H. Mallory F. D. Myers D. L. Nickel S. Nilsson R. G. Oswald R. L. Patterson W. E. Reid R. L. Retallack F. A. M. Rizk B. R. Shperling J.
21、 M. Van Name iii Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:05:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- When the IEEE Sta
22、ndards Board approved this standard on March 21, 1991, it had the following member- ship: Marco W. Migliaro , Chair Donald C. Loughry , Vice Chair Andrew G. Salem , Secretary Dennis Bodson Paul L. Borrill Clyde Camp James M. Daly Donald C. Fleckenstein Jay Forster* David F. Franklin Ingrid Fromm Tho
23、mas L. Hannan Donald N. Heirman Kenneth D. Hendrix John W. Horch Ben C. Johnson Ivor N. Knight Joseph L. Koepnger* Irving Kolodny Michael A. Lawler John E. May, Jr. Lawrence V. McCall Donald T. Michael* Stig L. Nilsson John L. Rankine Ronald H. Reimer Gary S. Robinson Terrarice R. Whittemore * Membe
24、r Emeritus We wish to thank A. B. Chance for the use of the sketches and text from the A. B. Chance Encyclopedia of Anchoring and photos in Figs 6-4, 6-5, 6-9, 6-10, 6-11, and 6-12. iv Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicens
25、ee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:05:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Contents 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 S
26、cope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.4 Legal Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. General Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.2 Structure Functions and Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.3 Loading . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.4 Foundation Types and Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.5 Geotechnical Factors in Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.6 Construction Influences on Foundation Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.7 Applicable Codes and Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.8 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3. Spread Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.2 Types of Spread Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.3 Site Plan Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.4 Excavation . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.5 Subgrade Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.6 Foundation Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.7 Setting Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.8 Backfill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.9 Site
35、 Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.10 Installation Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.11 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4. Drilled Shaft Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . 20 4.2 Construction Dry-Hole Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4.3 Construction Wet-Hole Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.4 Excavation Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.5 Direct Embedment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 4.6 Noncircular Shaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 4.7 Hollo
39、w Shaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 4.8 Installation Problems Geotechnical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4.9 Installation Problems Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4.10 Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 4.11 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 5. Pile Found
41、ations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 v Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/20
42、07 12:05:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 5.2 Pile Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 5.3 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 5.4 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 5
44、.5 Splicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 5.6 Installation Problems Geotechnical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 5.7 Installation Problems Construction . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 5.8 Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 5.9 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 6
46、. Anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 6.2 Excavated Soil Anchors . . . . . .
47、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 6.3 Drilled Anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 6.4 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 vi Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:05:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE Guide to Installation of Foundations for Transmission Line Structures 1. Introduction 1.1 Scope This guide presents various approaches to good practice that could improve the installation of transmission line structure foundations. This guide covers only the construction aspects of the