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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6043-2.10: 1996 ISO 10143: 1995 Methods of sampling and test for Carbonaceous materials used in aluminium manufacture Part 2: Electrode coke Section 2.10 Determination of electrical resistivity of calcined coke granules ICS 71.100.10 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, We
2、d Dec 06 14:36:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-2.10:1996 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 May 1996 BSI 08-1999 Th
3、e following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference C11/24 Draft for comment 91/57892 DC ISBN 0 580 25566 2 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee C11/24, Raw materials for the alu
4、minium industry, upon which the following bodies were represented: Aluminium Federation British Ceramic Research Ltd. Chemical Industries Association Institute of Petroleum Refractories Association of Great Britain Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun s
5、heffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:36:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-2.10:1996 BSI 08-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National foreword ii 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Principle1 4Apparatus1 5Sampling and sample preparation1 6Procedure1 7Expression o
6、f results2 8Precision3 9Test report3 Annex A (informative) Bibliography4 Figure 1 Sample holder and plungers, showing electrical connections2 List of referencesInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:36:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-2.10:19
7、96 ii BSI 08-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee C11/24 and is identical with ISO 10143:1995 Carbonaceous materials for the production of aluminium Calcined coke for electrodes Determination of the electrical resistivity of granules published by the
8、International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and in the preparation of which the United Kingdom played a full part. Part 2 of BS 6043 provides methods of test for electrode coke as follows: This standard describes a method of test only, and should not be used or quoted as a specification def
9、ining the characteristics of a product. Reference to this Section should indicate that the method of test is in accordance with BS 6043-2.13:1995. SectionSubjectIdentical with 2.1SamplingISO 6375 2.2Ash content of Green and calcined cokeISO 8005 2.3Ash analysis (AAS)a 2.4Ash analysis (XRF)a 2.5Appar
10、ent density and porositya 2.6Density (xylene method)ISO 8004 2.7Oil content (gravimetric method)ISO 6997 2.8Oil content (extraction method)ISO 8723 2.9Sieve analysisa 2.10Electrical resistivity of calcined granulesISO 10143 2.11Volatile matter contentISO 9406 2.12Particle size distribution of fine c
11、oke (laser diffraction method) No equivalent international standard 2.13Determination of tapped bulk density of green calcined coke ISO 10236 a In preparation Cross-references Publication referred toCorresponding British Standard BS 6043 Methods of sampling and test for carbonaceous materials used i
12、n aluminium manufacture ISO 6375:1990Part 2: Electrode coke Section 2.1:1985 Sampling (Identical) ISO 8723:1986Section 2.8:1987 Determination of oil content by solvent extraction of calcined coke (Identical) Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:36:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled
13、 Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-2.10:1996 BSI 08-1999iii In regard to clause 5.2, fraction 1 should be crushed to maximize the yield of granules. Factors to be considered include the type of crushing equipment used and how it is operated. Roll crushing equipment is preferred. The coke grain size should be re
14、duced incrementally by passing the coke several times through the crushing equipment and narrowing the setting after each pass. WARNING. Dichloromethane is dangerous when inhaled. Avoid contact with the skin. Carry out work in a fume cuboard. NOTEAs an alternative to washing with dichloromethane, oi
15、l may be removed by the method given in BS 6043-2.7:1986 (ISO 6997:1985), provided that this is recorded in the test report. Washing with dichloromethane is preferred. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsibl
16、e for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been upd
17、ated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:36:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na,
18、 Wed Dec 06 14:36:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-2.10:1996 BSI 08-19991 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the electrical resistivity of granular carbon (calcined or graphitized) used in the manufacture of carbon electrodes for the
19、production of aluminium. The measurement of electrical resistivity assists in assessing the extent of coke calcination. The electrical resistivity of the coke aggregate will influence that of the coke electrodes made from it. In general, a more highly calcined coke will have a lower electrical resis
20、tivity if other factors such as grain size are similar. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subj
21、ect to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 6375:1980, Car
22、bonaceous materials for the production of aluminium Coke for electrodes Sampling. ISO 8723:1986, Carbonaceous materials for the production of aluminium Calcined coke Determination of oil content Method by solvent extraction. 3 Principle A test portion of the granular carbon is placed in a cylindrica
23、l holder which has electrical contacts at the top and bottom. A fixed pressure is applied to the test portion to ensure good electrical contact and a fixed, constant direct current is applied. The voltage drop and the height of the column of granules are measured and the electrical resistivity is ca
24、lculated. 4 Apparatus Ordinary laboratory apparatus, plus the following: 4.1 Sample holder and plunger, with removable base for cleaning as shown in Figure 1. 4.2 Length-measuring device, capable of measuring the movement of the compression plunger to 0,02 mm. 4.3 Brass reference cylinder, having a
25、height of 20 mm 0,01 mm and a diameter of 29 mm, used for calibrating the length-measuring device (4.2). 4.4 Test machine, capable of applying a constant pressure of 3 MPa 1 % to the plunger (see 4.1), giving a velocity to the plunger of not more than 50 mm/s and having a centering device for the sa
26、mple holder (see 4.1). NOTE 1A compression-testing machine conforming to DIN 51223 2 and capable of measuring to 1 % as defined in class 1 of DIN 51220 1, or a deadweight arrangement, is suitable. 4.5 Power supply, capable of providing a constant direct current of 1 A 0,002 A. 4.6 Voltmeter, capable
27、 of measuring to the nearest 0,01 mV. 4.7 Oven, capable of being maintained at 120 C 2 C. 5 Sampling and sample preparation 5.1 Sampling Sample the coke in accordance with ISO 6375. 5.2 Sample preparation Divide the sample, by sieving, into three fractions (I, IIa and III) as follows: Crush fraction
28、 I so that it is predominantly 0,5 mm to 1,0 mm and sieve to form fraction IIb. Mix fractions IIa and IIb thoroughly. Wash the sample with dichloromethane in accordance with ISO 8723. Heat the sample to 120 C 2 C for 30 min using the oven (4.7), allow to cool in a desiccator and weigh to the nearest
29、 0,1 g or better. Repeat the operations of heating, cooling and weighing until the difference between two successive weighings does not exceed 0,1 % of the original sample mass. 6 Procedure 6.1 Test portion Weigh out 15 g 0,1 g of the mixture of fractions IIa and IIb. 6.2 Setting up the test machine
30、 Place the brass reference cylinder (4.3) in the sample holder (see 4.1). Place the sample holder with plunger (4.1) in the test machine (4.4) and apply a pressure of 3 MPa. Set the length-measuring device (4.2) to the reference level of 20 mm. Connect up the electrical wires and switch on the power
31、 supply (4.5). Using the voltmeter (4.6), verify that the voltage drop is less than 0,02 mV. Fraction I 1,0 mm Fraction IIa0,5 mm to 1,0 mm Fraction III 0,5 mm Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:36:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-2.10:1996 2 BSI 08-1999 6
32、.3 Determination Pour the test portion into the sample holder, insert the plunger and place the assembly in the test machine. Apply a pressure of 3 MPa to the test portion and after 30 s record the voltage drop and the height of the column of granules. 6.4 Number of determinations Carry out two dete
33、rminations using a fresh test portion for each determination. Clean the base and the plunger surfaces carefully after each determination. 7 Expression of results Calculate the electrical resistivity , expressed in micro-ohm metres, of the calcined coke using the following equation: where Figure 1 Sa
34、mple holder and plunger, showing electrical connections Sis the surface area, in square millimetres, of the sample holder (707 mm2 for the sample holder shown in Figure 1); Uis the voltage drop, in millivolts; SU Ih - -= Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:36:26 GMT+00:00 2006,
35、 Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-2.10:1996 BSI 08-19993 Express the result as the arithmetic mean of two determinations. 8 Precision1) 8.1 Repeatability The difference between the values of duplicate determinations, carried out in rapid succession by the same operator using the same apparatus on
36、granules taken from the same test sample, shall not exceed the repeatability limit r = 3 %. 8.2 Reproducibility The difference between the values of the average of duplicate determinations obtained by two laboratories using this method for the analysis of the same laboratory sample is not expected t
37、o exceed the reproducibility limit R = 5 %. 9 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) all details necessary for complete identification of the sample; b) a reference to this International Standard; c) the size distribution of the grain fraction used; d) the results, e
38、xpressed in accordance with clause 7; e) details of any unusual features noted during the determination; f) details of any operation not included in this International Standard or in the International Standards to which reference is made, as well as any operation regarded as optional. Iis the curren
39、t applied, in amps (1 A 0,002 A); his the height, in millimetres, of the column of granules. 1) ISO 5725:1986, Precision of test methods Determination of repeatability and reproducibility for a standard test method by inter-laboratory tests (now withdrawn), was used to obtain the precision data. Lic
40、ensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:36:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-2.10:1996 4 BSI 08-1999 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 1 DIN 51220:1976, Werkstoffprfmaschinen; Allgemeine Richtlinien. (Material testing machines; General directions.) 2 DIN 51223:198
41、7, Werkstoffprfmaschinen; Druckprfmaschinen; Anforderungen. (Material testing machines; compression-testing machines requirements.) Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:36:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-2.10:1996 BSI 08-1999 List of references See national
42、 foreword. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:36:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-2.10: 1996 ISO 10143: 1995 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British S
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