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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5368-3: 1978 EN 77 Methods of testing Windows Part 3: Wind resistance tests This European Standard EN 77 was given, as from 31 May 1978, the status of a British Standard UDC 69.028.2:620.17:624.042.41:699.83 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:05:32 GMT+00:0
2、0 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5368-3:1978 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Executive Board on 31 May 1978 BSI 08-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/142 Draft for comment 75/12762 DC ISBN 0 580 10019 7 Coo
3、perating organizations The European Committee for Standardization, under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following Western European countries: AustriaOesterreichisches Normungsinstitut BelgiumInstitut Belge de Normalisation
4、 DenmarkDansk Standardiseringsraad FinlandSuomen Standardisoimislitto, r.y. FranceAssociation Franaise de Normalisation GermanyDeutscher Normenausschuss IrelandInstitute for Industrial Research and Standards ItalyEnte Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione NetherlandsNederlands Normalisatie instituut No
5、rwayNorges Standardiseringsforbund PortugalRepartio de Normalizao SwedenSveriges Standardiseringskommission SwitzerlandAssociation Suisse de Normalisation United KingdomBritish Standards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffiel
6、dun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:05:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5368-3:1978 BSI 08-1999i Contents Page Cooperating organizationsInside front cover Forewordii Brief history2 1Introduction3 2Scope3 3Field of application3 4Terminology3 5Tests3 6Apparatus3 7Preparation of the window for testi
7、ng3 8Preparation for the tests3 9Methods of test4 10Recording of results4 11Form of test report4 Diagram 1 Case of unidirectional pressure5 Diagram 2 Case of positive and negative pressure5 National appendix AInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:05:32 GMT+00:00
8、 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5368-3:1978 ii BSI 08-1999 Foreword BS 5368-3 (EN 77) is the second part to be published in a series on methods of testing windows. Subsequent European Standards in the series will be published when agreed as further Parts of BS 5368 as follows: Part 2: Watertigh
9、tness test under static pressure; Part 5: Mechanical tests; Part 1: (EN 42) “Air permeability test” was published in May 1976 and Part 4 (EN 78) “Form of test report” in April 1978. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards
10、are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 6, an inside back cover and a back
11、 cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:05:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD
12、NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 77 Edition 1 August 1977 UDC: 69.028.2:620.17:624.042.41:699.83 Key words: Windows, tests, pressure tests, wind pressure, definitions, test equipment, testing conditions English version Methods of testing windows Wind resistance tests Mthodes dessais des fentres Es
13、sais de rsistance au vent Prfverfahren an Fenstern Prfung der Widerstandsfhigkeit bei Wind This European Standard was accepted by CEN on 26 August 1977. The CEN members are bound to adhere to the CEN Internal Regulations which specify under which conditions this European Standard has to be given, wi
14、thout any alteration, the status of a national standard. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard is established by CEN in three official versions (Eng
15、lish, French, German). A translation made by another member under its own responsibility, in its own language, and notified to CEN has the same status. CEN members are the national standards organizations of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Po
16、rtugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels Copyright reserved to all CEN members Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na,
17、Mon Dec 04 16:05:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 77:1977 BSI 08-1999 2 Brief history This European Standard was drawn up by the technical committee CEN/TC 33 “Technological tests for doors, windows, shutters and building hardware”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This Eur
18、opean Standard was adopted by CEN on the strength of its acceptance by the following member countries: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:05:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (
19、c) BSI EN 77:1977 BSI 08-19993 1 Introduction Wind effects on windows are transmitted, among others, by positive and negative pressures that are conventionally simulated by the following tests. These tests make it possible to check that, subjected to these effects, the complete window: a) has a perm
20、issible deformation; b) maintains its characteristics; c) does not endanger users. 2 Scope This standard defines the method of test to be used for assessing resistance under positive and negative pressure of windows that are to be fitted in exterior walls and supplied in the form of finished units i
21、n actual operating conditions. 3 Field of application This standard applies to all windows, including door height windows, made of any material, in the actual operating condition in which they should be used and fixed according to the manufacturers recommendations in a finished building, bearing in
22、mind the conditions of test as defined hereafter. The standard does not apply to the joints between the windows and surrounding components and materials. 4 Terminology 4.1 permanent residual deformation. Change in shape or dimension which does not disappear when pressures are no longer applied. 4.2
23、temporary residual deformation. Change in shape or dimension which disappears progressively when pressures are no longer applied. 4.3 frontal displacement. Displacement of a point on a window member measured normal to the plane of the window. 4.4 frontal deflection. Maximum difference between the fr
24、ontal displacements taken along the same window member (after compensation for the effects of frontal displacements of the ends of this member). 4.5 relative frontal deflection.Value of the frontal deflection in relation to the distance between the two ends of the window element under examination. 5
25、 Tests These consist of three distinct and successive tests: deformation test up to pressure P1 in positive and/or negative pressure; repeated positive and/or negative pressure n times up to pressure P2; safety test under positive and/or negative pressure up to pressure P3. These required values of
26、P1, P2, P3 (positive and/or negative) and n shall be defined in other national standards. 6 Apparatus The basic test apparatus consists of the following: 1) A chamber with an opening to which the test window is fitted by its surround (see clause 7). 2) A means of providing a controlled differential
27、air pressure across the window. 3) A device for providing rapid, controlled changes of the differential air pressure operating between defined limits. 4) A means of measuring the difference in pressure between the two faces of the window. 5) A device for measuring displacements. 6) A means of positi
28、oning the device for measuring frontal displacement and of ensuring stability during the test. 7 Preparation of the window for testing A surround for the specimen to be tested shall be prepared. This surround shall be stiff enough to withstand the test pressures without deflecting to an extent likel
29、y to impair jointing or to impose bending stresses on the test specimen. When actual operating conditions are known, the fixing of the specimen may simulate these (e.g. a window in curtain walling). The window shall be fixed plumb, square, and without twist or bends. The thickness, type of glass and
30、 the method of glazing shall comply with the requirements of the manufacturer. In case of no specification or when there is a possibility that the window will be used with different glasses, tests shall be carried out with a glass of minimum thickness with respect to the area, as specified in the na
31、tional standards. The hardware fitted to the test window shall be supplied or specified by the manufacturer. 8 Preparation for the tests The laboratory ambient air temperature and the test chamber air temperature shall be measured and recorded in the report. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, n
32、a, Mon Dec 04 16:05:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 77:1977 4 BSI 08-1999 Three air pressure pulses shall be applied; the rate of application shall be over a period of not less than 1 s, and the pressure shall be maintained over 3 s. These pulses shall be at the pressure required fo
33、r the deformation test (P1), and shall be not less than 500 Pa. With the pressure reduced to zero, all operating parts of the window shall be opened and closed 5 times and finally secured in the closed position. If it is desired to examine the resistance of the window under positive and negative pre
34、ssure, each of the three tests shall be carried out first under positive pressure then under negative pressure and a “preparation”, as described in paragraph two of this clause, shall also be done before the measurement of the deformation under negative pressure. 9 Methods of test The window shall u
35、ndergo the following sequence of tests: 9.1 Deformation test The device for measuring frontal displacement shall be brought into its measuring position. The window shall be subjected to pressures which increase in stages, for a minimum period of 10 s at each stage, up to the maximum pressure (P1) re
36、quired for this test. These pressures shall be 100 Pa, 200 Pa, 300 Pa, 400 Pa and 500 Pa and can then be increased up to (P1 in stages of 250 Pa maximum. At each pressure stage, frontal displacement shall be measured at the characteristic points stated for the type of window to be tested. If these p
37、oints are located on the sash-frame or casing, measurements shall be taken along the longitudinal axis of the window-frame members. The datum plane for these measurements is a fixed plane which may be that of the window frame. With the pressure reduced to zero, the residual permanent frontal displac
38、ements at the characteristic points shall be noted after recovery. 9.2 Repeated positive and/or negative pressure test The window shall be subjected to n pressure impulses between 0 and P2. The period of transition from one pressure value to another shall be not less than 1 s. The pressures are to b
39、e held at their maximum or minimum values for at least 3 s at each impulse. After completion of the test, the moving parts of the window are opened and closed 5 times. Any damage or functional defects that are detected shall be noted. 9.3 Safety test under positive and/or negative pressure The maxim
40、um required pressure (P3) shall be reached as rapidly as possible, but in not less than 1 s and held for 3 s. Any permanent residual deformations, damage or functional defects shall be noted. 9.4 Diagrams Diagram 1 and Diagram 2 show the sequence of the operation, for example, for: a positive or neg
41、ative pressure test only (Diagram 1); a test under positive and negative pressure (Diagram 2). The diagrams showing the sequence of the operation shall be included in the report. 10 Recording of results A sketch of the window shall show the points of measurement. The results of the deformation test
42、(clause 9.1) shall be expressed graphically as a function of pressure, for each point of measurement. Deformations are expressed in millimetres and pressures in pascals. The permanent residual deformations shall be indicated. Damage and functional defects resulting from the tests shall be noted and
43、shown on the sketch of the window. 11 Form of test report The test report shall be presented in accordance with the requirements of EN 78. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:05:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 77:1977 BSI 08-19995 Diagram 1 Case of unidirection
44、al pressure NOTEThe durations indicated are minimum times except for the safety test (P3) for which the duration of 3 s is mandatory. Diagram 2 Case of positive and negative pressure Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:05:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 6 blank Li
45、censed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:05:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5368-3:1978 BSI 08-1999 National appendix A The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard came under the direction of the Building Divisional Council. The follo
46、wing organizations were involved in the work on this standard: Aluminium Window Association Association of Builders Hardware Manufacturers British Plastics Federation British Woodworking Federation Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of the Environment (Housing
47、 and Construction) Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency) Fibre Building Board Development Organization Ltd. Flat Glass Manufacturers Association Greater London Council Incorporated Association of Architects and Surveyors Institution of Fire Engineers Interdepartmental Construction
48、 Development Group Metal Window Federation of Great Britain Modular Society Royal Institute of British Architects Timber Research and Development Association Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:05:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5368-3: 1978 EN 77 BSI 389 Chisw
49、ick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone find