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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5454:1989 Recommendations for Storage and exhibition of archival documents UDC 025.17:727.82:930.25:001.4:614.84 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:31:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5454:1989 This British Standard, having been prepared und
2、er the direction of the Information and Documentation Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of the BSI and comes into effect on 30 June 1989 BSI 12-1998 First published March 1977 First revision June 1989 The following BSI references relate to the work on this st
3、andard: Committee reference DOT/9 Draft for comment 85/64926 DC ISBN 0 580 17187 6 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Information and Documentation Standards Policy Committee (DOT/-) to Technical Committee DOT/9, upon which
4、the following bodies were represented: Bodleian Library British Computer Society British Library British Museum British Records Association Greater London Record Office House of Lords Record Office Library Association Museums Association National Gallery Public Record Office Royal Commission on Hist
5、orical Manuscripts Society of Archivists Standing Conference of National and University Libraries Storage Equipment Manufacturers Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:31:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled
6、 Copy, (c) BSI BS 5454:1989 BSI 12-1998i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Site of building2 4Structure and material of building2 5Custody and security3 6Fire precautions4 7Environment6 8Lighting7 9Storage and production equipment7 10Packing for
7、 storage9 11Archival materials other than paper and parchment11 12Exhibition13 13Reproduction of documents15 Appendix A Shelving19 Appendix B Packing materials and methods19 Appendix C Ancillary equipment20 Appendix D Cleaning21 Appendix E Conditions of loan21 Figure 1 Drop-spine box10 Figure 2 Supp
8、orts for bound volumes16 Figure 3 Text-block support piece18 Publications referred to22 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:31:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5454:1989 ii BSI 12-1998 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the I
9、nformation and Documentation Standards Policy Committee. It supersedes BS 5454:1977, which is withdrawn. This revision of BS 5454 has been prepared to take account of the changes in methods of storing archival materials that have taken place since the first edition was published, to give greater emp
10、hasis to methods of protecting archival materials from theft and malicious damage, and to include more information about the storage of the newer archival materials such as computer-generated records. The purpose of these recommendations is to enable an archive repository to be built, or converted,
11、to the highest standards that present limiting factors allow. They are intended for the guidance of archivists, conservators, architects, designers, contractors, engineers and others concerned with the planning, construction, equipment, maintenance and working of an archive repository. These recomme
12、ndations are based upon the nature of the records or archives that will form the bulk of the repositorys contents, which may be in the traditional media, such as parchment, paper or printed books, or in photographic or electronic media. Their essential characteristics are that they are irreplaceable
13、, are in authorized custody, and are to be preserved permanently. The recommendations are designed to help in creating and maintaining the conditions of storage that these characteristics require. Although these recommendations have been made as specific and as comprehensive as possible, the committ
14、ee responsible for drafting them is well aware that some problems require more detailed and specialized advice for their solution, that many questions can be fully answered only in the context of local conditions and that to others no entirely satisfactory answer has yet been found. This British Sta
15、ndard therefore takes the form not of a specification, but of recommendations, based upon wide practical experience and offered with full understanding of the difficulties and limitations that will inevitably influence any individual scheme. Properly used and understood, these recommendations will h
16、elp those concerned in any way with the storage of archives to define their tasks more clearly than hitherto; to find the answers to some of their questions; to foresee other questions that are less easily answered; and to arrive at more satisfactory solutions of problems so local and particular tha
17、t no general rules or advice can entirely cover them. These recommendations refer to substances and procedures that may be injurious to health unless adequate precautions are taken. Those who follow the advice given in these recommendations need to observe legal obligations relating to health and sa
18、fety at every stage. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages Thi
19、s document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 22, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Lice
20、nsed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:31:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5454:1989 BSI 12-19981 1 Scope This British Standard makes recommendations for the storage and exhibition of archival documents. The recommendations apply to the long-term and temporary storage
21、of archival documents in restricted access and to the display of such documents in exhibitions. Although they do not apply to storage of documents in open access or to short-term storage, e.g. in reception or fumigation rooms or conservation departments, such storage should reach the standards of se
22、curity recommended for permanent storage. The recommendations apply to the storage and exhibition of archival documents in the UK and other countries with similar temperate climates. Different conservation practices may be required in countries with non-temperate climates. Matters of repository mana
23、gement are not included in the scope of this British Standard. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply. 2.1 aisle a subsidiary passageway between runs
24、leading from a gangway and affording access to the shelves for the withdrawal or replacement of documents 2.2 archives documents preserved permanently by the persons responsible for the transactions of which such documents are the records, or by their successors or appointees, in their own custody,
25、and normally in the arrangement in which the documents were created 2.3 bay a single-sided or double-sided unit of shelving NOTEA single-sided bay consists of a number of shelves supported by uprights or upright frames, the whole being accessible from the front face only. A double-sided bay consists
26、 of two single-sided bays joined back-to-back, each accessible from its front face. 2.4 custody the care of a document that remains in its office of origin or in the care of that offices appointee or successor 2.5 document a combination of a medium and the information recorded on or in it, e.g. sing
27、le leaves of paper, membranes, maps, plans, working drawings, bound volumes, files, rolls, punched cards, punched tape, magnetic tape, photographic negatives and prints, cinematograph film, microfilm, microfiche, and gramophone and phonograph recordings 2.6 drop-spine box a single-piece book box wit
28、h lid and spine-wall hinging away from the base to allow access to the bound volume from the spine side 2.7 fire resistance the ability of an element of building construction to satisfy, for a stated period, some or all of the criteria specified in the appropriate Part of BS 476, namely resistance t
29、o collapse (loadbearing capacity), resistance to flame penetration (integrity) and resistance to excessive temperature rise on the unexposed surface (insulation) 2.8 gangway the principal route through a storage room for the passage of people and trolleys, providing access to aisles 2.9 lift car the
30、 part of a lift that carries passengers and other loads 2.10 membrane a single skin of parchment or vellum 2.11 munsell value the estimated lightness of any surface colour on a scale of 10 equal sensation intervals extending from ideal black (value = 0) to ideal white (value = 10) as specified objec
31、tively for values from 1 to 9 in the Munsell Atlas (see BS 4727-4:Group 02) 2.12 records documents generated in the course of a transaction and forming part of that transaction 2.13 repository a place of storage for documents, so constructed and maintained as to prevent damage, decay and unauthorize
32、d access, and to furnish, for archival documents, proper conditions of custody Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:31:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5454:1989 2 BSI 12-1998 2.14 run two or more connected bays of single-sided or double-sided shelving joined end
33、-to-end 3 Site of building 3.1 General The repository should be sited on ground not liable to subsidence or flooding, whether of natural or man-made origin, e.g. burst water mains. The site should be readily accessible (see also 6.4). 3.2 Size The site should be large enough to accommodate foreseeab
34、le extensions. 3.3 Security The repository should be on an island site with free access round the whole perimeter, which should be clearly lighted in the hours of darkness. The curtilage should be fenced. 4 Structure and material of building 4.1 General Expert advice should be sought when the design
35、 of the repository is planned. The repository and associated offices1) should preferably be in a purpose-built detached building or, if they form part of a larger building, in a self contained unit. Basement accommodation is not recommended but, if circumstances dictate its use, the accepted and tra
36、ditional forms of waterproofing should be used to prevent the ingress of water, and water-borne services passing through the repository should be reduced to the minimum. Gas and oil services should not pass through the repository. The design of buildings is regulated by legislation. The recommendati
37、ons given in 4.2 to 4.9 deal only with the special requirements of repositories and are subordinate to legal requirements. For structural fire precautions see clause 6. 4.2 Load distribution The mass and distribution of the potential load of documents and of static or mobile shelving should be taken
38、 into account in the design of the repository. Mobile shelving can impose particularly high floor-loading. Evenly distributed loads exerting a force of 11 kN/m2 are normal, but when these loads are transferred via wheels to floor tracks they create much greater point loads. Manufacturers advice shou
39、ld be sought in the early stages of planning if mobile shelving is considered. 4.3 Drainage Although open, untrapped or unsealed drainage within the repository is unacceptable, provision should be made for controlled rapid egress of water that may accumulate in the repository during fire-fighting. 4
40、.4 Floors Floors should be hard-wearing and should neither cause dust nor be easily chipped; they should be easy to clean, non-slippery, light-coloured (see 8.4), and of a material that deadens sound. They should be level and uninterrupted by steps, door sills, heating grilles or mats, in order to a
41、llow easy passage of trolleys. Where a change in floor level is unavoidable, ramps should be provided. 4.5 Doors 4.5.1 Width. Doors should be not less than 900 mm wide, to allow adequate space for the passage of loaded trolleys. 4.5.2 Structure. Doors should be close-fitting, but without a sill that
42、 would impede the passage of trolleys. The structure and fittings of doors should be resistant to unauthorized access. 4.5.3 Locks. Doors leading out of the closed-access area should be fitted with locks that may be opened from the inside without a key but can be opened from the outside only with a
43、key (see also 5.3.5). 4.5.4 Self-closing doors. Doors should be self-closing but capable of being kept open to allow uninterrupted passage when necessary. Smoke-control doors should never be fixed in the open position. An automatic closing device should be fitted (see also 6.5.2 and 7.5). 4.6 Air co
44、nditioning The repository should be designed to provide for accurate and constant control of its internal environment. It should be of thermally insulated construction and designed to accommodate the air-distribution ductwork connected to the air-conditioning plant, which should be situated outside
45、the repository (see clause 7). Electrostatic copiers should not be installed or used within the repository area. 1) Offices provided for processing, repair, study and exhibition of documents, and for administrative work and repository staff. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:
46、31:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5454:1989 BSI 12-19983 4.7 Storage space The shape and dimensions of the rooms in the repository should be determined by the need to provide maximum storage space, subject to fire regulations and ease of withdrawal and replacement of documents. Whe
47、rever possible, areas should be free from obstructions such as columns and buttresses, to allow the best possible use of the space, especially if high-density mobile shelving is to be used. 4.8 Ceilings The minimum ceiling height of the storage area, and landings, galleries and similar structures ov
48、erhanging it, should be 2 600 mm. Ceilings should be impervious to water. 4.9 Galleries 4.9.1 General. Elevated galleries should not normally be added to existing repositories or exhibition areas, or incorporated in new repository buildings. The following recommendations apply when the use of galler
49、ies is unavoidable. 4.9.2 Access. Straight-flight staircases only should be provided to give access to galleries; spiral staircases should be avoided. Gangways etc. should be wide enough to allow the largest items stored to be removed and replaced without difficulty. 4.9.3 Visibility. All storage areas, entrances and exits in galleries should be visible from lower levels in the repository. 5 Custody and security 5.1 Documents in custody Because documents stored in archive repositories are irreplaceable and their authenticity can often be established only by proof of unbr