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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6043-4.13: 1991 Methods of sampling and test for Carbonaceous materials used in aluminium manufacture Part 4: Cold ramming pastes Section 4.13 Determination of ash of baked rammed paste NOTEIt is recommended that this Section be read in conjunction with the general information in
2、 BS 6043-4.0, published separately. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:36:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-4.13:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Chemicals Standards Policy Committee, was published under the author
3、ity of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 30 September 1991 BSI 10-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CIC/24 Draft for comment 90/54853 DC ISBN 0 580 19733 6 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this Bri
4、tish Standard was entrusted by the Chemicals Standards Policy Committee (CIC/-) to Technical Committee CIC/24, upon which the following bodies were represented: Aluminium Federation British Ceramic Research Ltd. Chemical Industries Association Institute of Petroleum Refractories Association of Great
5、 Britain Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:36:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-4.13:1991 BSI 10-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Principle1 3Apparatus
6、1 4Materials1 5Sampling1 6Preparation of test sample of ramming paste1 7Procedure1 8Calculation and expression of results2 9Test report2 Publication(s) referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:36:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-4.13
7、:1991 ii BSI 10-1999 Foreword This Section of BS 6043 has been prepared under the direction of the Chemicals Standards Policy Committee to provide a method of test for cold ramming pastes used in the production of aluminium. There is no corresponding International Standard; however, it is intended,
8、upon publication of this Section of BS 6043, that it be offered to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for possible adoption as an International Standard. It is essential to use BS 6043-4.1, BS 6043-4.6 and BS 6043-4.7 in conjunction with this Section of BS 6043. This standard d
9、escribes a method of test only, and should not be used or quoted as a specification defining the characteristics of a product. Reference to this Section should indicate that the method of test used is in accordance with BS 6043-4.13:1991. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necess
10、ary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1
11、 and 2, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:36:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncont
12、rolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-4.13:1991 BSI 10-19991 1 Scope This Section of BS 6043 describes a method for the determination of ash of baked rammed cold ramming pastes used in aluminium manufacture. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover.
13、2 Principle A baked test piece is produced from a test sample of cold ramming paste by compaction under regulated conditions followed by baking according to a defined programme. The test piece is crushed and ground to a powder and dried. A test portion of the dry powder is heated in a tared dish in
14、a furnace at 700 C to constant mass. 3 Apparatus 3.1 Ordinary laboratory apparatus 3.2 Ramming apparatus and the other apparatus, as described in clause 4 of BS 6043-4.7:1991. 3.3 Two silica dishes, approximately 65 mm in diameter and 25 mm in height, prepared by being heated in the electric furnace
15、 (3.6) at 700 10 C for 1 h then allowed to cool to ambient temperature in a desiccator until required for use. 3.4 Jaw crusher, or other crushing device, capable of crushing the baked test piece to approximately 6 mm or smaller particle size without introducing contamination, e.g. by abrasion of the
16、 facing of the jaws. 3.5 Grinding mill, of hard material, e.g. tungsten or silicon carbide, which is not abraded and is not therefore likely to contaminate the sample. 3.6 Electric furnace, capable of being controlled at 700 10 C, with adequate air circulation. 3.7 Test sieve, complying with BS 410,
17、 of nominal aperture 750 m. 3.8 Electric oven, capable of being controlled at 100 5 C. 4 Materials Use materials as described in clause 5 of BS 6043-4.7:1991. 5 Sampling Prepare a representative laboratory sample of cold ramming paste in accordance with BS 6043-4.1. 6 Preparation of test sample of r
18、amming paste Prepare a test sample of the ramming paste from the laboratory sample (see clause 5) by the methods described in 7.1 and 7.2 of BS 6043-4.7:1991. 7 Procedure 7.1 Preparation of test material: baking 7.1.1 Follow one of the operations described in 7.1.2 to 7.1.4. 7.1.2 Prepare a rammed t
19、est piece by ramming the test sample (see clause 6) by any of the procedures described in 8.1 of BS 6043-4.7:1991 using the ramming apparatus (3.2). If the cold ramming paste requires pre-curing before being baked, pre-cure the test piece in accordance with 8.3 of BS 6043-4.7:1991. Bake the rammed t
20、est piece by the procedure described in 8.4 of BS 6043-4.7:1991. 7.1.3 Take the whole of the crushed material recovered following a test for the determination of the cold crushing strength of baked test pieces in accordance with BS 6043-4.9, provided that it is not contaminated by extraneous materia
21、l and that no significant loss has occurred. 7.1.4 Take the whole of the material which has been ground and dried following a test for the determination of the density under xylene in accordance with BS 6043-4.10. 7.2 Crushing and grinding Crush the whole of the baked test piece (see 7.1) by means o
22、f the jaw crusher (3.4) to approximately 6 mm or smaller particle size. Thoroughly mix the crushed material and subdivide it by coning and quartering to produce a subsample of mass at least 50 g. Grind the entire subsample in the grinding mill (3.5) until it all passes through the test sieve (3.7).
23、Dry the ground sample in the oven (3.8) at 110 5 C for 3 h. 7.3 Test portion Weigh the prepared silica dish (3.3) to the nearest 0.0002 g. Transfer 20 0.1 g of the dried, ground test material (see 7.2) to the dish and weigh to the nearest 0.0002 g. 7.4 Determination Place the dish containing the tes
24、t portion (see 7.3) in the electric furnace (3.6) controlled at 700 10 C for 16 h. Remove the dish containing the ash from the furnace and place it in a desiccator to cool to ambient temperature. Weigh the dish and ash to the nearest 0.0002 g as rapidly as possible then replace them in the furnace a
25、nd repeat the operations of heating for 1 h at 700 10 C, cooling and weighing until the mass of the dish and its contents does not differ by more than 0.001 g between two consecutive weighings. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:36:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
26、 BS 6043-4.13:1991 2 BSI 10-1999 7.5 Number of determinations Carry out twice the procedure described in 7.4 on separate test portions taken from the same test material. 8 Calculation and expression of results Calculate the ash, G, of each of the test portions, as a percentage by mass, from the foll
27、owing equation: If the two results differ by more than 0.3 % (m/m) then repeat the determination once more using the same dried, ground test material (see 7.2). Calculate the mean of the results for the three determinations to the nearest 0.1 % (m/m). 9 Test report The test report shall include the
28、following information: a) a complete identification of the sample and details of any subsequent treatment; b) a reference to this British Standard, i.e. BS 6043-4.13:1991; c) the mean ash of the test sample, calculated and expressed in accordance with clause 8; d) any unusual features noted during t
29、he determination; e) any operation not included in this British Standard or regarded as optional. where M1is the mass of the prepared silica dish (3.3) (in g); M2is the mass of the silica dish containing the test portion (see 7.3) (in g); M3is the mass of the silica dish containing the ash (see 7.4)
30、 (in g). G 100 M3M1() M2M1 - -= Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:36:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-4.13:1991 BSI 10-1999 Publication(s) referred to BS 410, Specification for test sieves. BS 6043, Methods of sampling and test for carbonaceous materials
31、used in aluminium manufacture. BS 6043-4, Cold ramming pastes. BS 6043-4.0, General introduction1). BS 6043-4.1, Methods of sampling. BS 6043-4.6, Determination of maximum rammed apparent density. BS 6043-4.7, Preparation of baked rammed test pieces and determination of baked apparent density, chang
32、e in volume and loss in mass. BS 6043-4.9, Determination of the cold crushing strength of baked rammed paste. BS 6043-4.10, Determination of the apparent porosity of baked ramming materials. 1) Referred to on the front cover only. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:36:04 GMT+0
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