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1、 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2000 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 15 June 2000. Printed in the United States of America. Print: ISBN 0-7381-1936-9 SH948
2、12 PDF: ISBN 0-7381-1937-7 SS94812 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. IEEE Std 937-2000 (Revision of IEEE Std 937-1987) IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation and Mainte
3、nance of Lead-Acid Batteries for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Sponsor IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 on Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage Approved 30 March 2000 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: Design considerations and procedures for storage, location, moun
4、ting, ventilation, assembly, and maintenance of lead-acid storage batteries for photovoltaic power systems are provided. Safety precautions and instrumentation considerations are also included. Even though general recommended practices are covered, battery manufacturers may provide specifi c instruc
5、- tions for battery installation and maintenance. Keywords: battery installation, battery maintenance, photovoltaic power system, sizing lead-acid battery Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, U
6、ser=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:39:50 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Com- mittees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board.
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19、 to its attention. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:39:50 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyr
20、ight 2000 IEEE. All rights reserved. iii Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 937-2000, IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation and Maintenance of Lead-Acid Batteries for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. This recommended practice provides design considerations and procedures for stora
21、ge, location, mounting, ventilation, assembly, and maintainance of lead-acid storage batteries for photovoltaic power systems. Safety precautions and instrumentation considerations are also included. While this document gives general recommended practices, battery manufacturers may provide specifi c
22、 instructions for battery installation and maintenance. While there are other IEEE standards that cover lead-acid battery installation and maintenance, they are generally designed for other types of applications, such as fl oat-service, utility grid-tied applications. This document provides informat
23、ion for installation and maintenance of lead-acid batteries in photovoltaic applications that are characterized by nongrid connected, cycling service. These procedures also refl ect consideration of the typically remote nature of photovoltaic applications. The Storage Systems Working Group of the St
24、andards Coordinating Committee 21 on Fuel Cells, Photovol- taics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage (SCC21) that developed this recommended practice consisted of the following members: Jay Chamberlin, Chair At the time this standard was approved, IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 on Fu
25、el Cells, Photo- voltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage had the following membership: Richard DeBlasio, Chair Stephen M. Chalmers, Vice-Chair Jerry Anderson, Secretary The following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard: Garth Corey Tom Hund Ed Mahoney James A. McDowa
26、ll Peter McNutt Larry Meisner Michael Moore Arne Nilsson Thomas E. Ruhlmann Ken Sanders Stephen Vechy Thomas S. Basso William Bottenberg Ward Bower Jay Chamberlin Douglas C. Dawson William Ferro Frank Goodman Kenneth Hall Kelvin Hecht Berry Hornberger Joseph Koepfi nger Benjamin Kroposki Robert McCo
27、nnell John Stevens Charles Whitaker John C. Wiles John Wohlgemuth Tim Zgonena Stephen M. Chalmers Jay Chamberlin Richard DeBlasio Robert Hammond Stephen J. Hogan William Kaszeta James A. McDowall Tron Melzl Thomas E. Ruhlmann Paul Russell John Stevens Charles Whitaker John C. Wiles Copyright The Ins
28、titute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:39:50 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- iv Copyright 2000 IEEE. All rights reserv
29、ed. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 30 March 2000, it had the following membership: Donald N. Heirman, Chair James T. Carlo, Vice Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary *Member Emeritus Also included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaison: Alan Cookson, NIST Re
30、presentative Donald R. Volzka, TAB Representative Greg Kohn IEEE Standards Project Editor National Electric Safety Code and NESC are both registered trademarks and service marks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Satish K. Aggarwal Mark D. Bowman Gary R. Engmann Harold E.
31、 Epstein H. Landis Floyd Jay Forster* Howard M. Frazier Ruben D. Garzon James H. Gurney Richard J. Holleman Lowell G. Johnson Robert J. Kennelly Joseph L. Koepfi nger* Peter H. Lips L. Bruce McClung Daleep C. Mohla James W. Moore Robert F. Munzner Ronald C. Petersen Gerald H. Peterson John B. Posey
32、Gary S. Robinson Akio Tojo Donald W. Zipse Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:39:50 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without lice
33、nse from IHS -,-,- Copyright 2000 IEEE. All rights reserved. v Contents 1.Overview 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose. 1 2.References 1 3.Definitions 2 4.Safety. 2 4.1 Protective equipment . 2 4.2 Safety procedures. 3 5.Installation design criteria 4 5.1 Enclosure 4 5.2 Battery support structure 5 5.3 Electr
34、ical 6 5.4 Seismic. 6 6.Installation procedures. 6 6.1 Receiving and storage 6 6.2 Battery support structure assembly 7 6.3 Battery mounting and connections. 7 6.4 Preoperational checks 8 6.5 Initial charging procedure 8 6.6 Final connections. 9 7.Maintenance. 9 7.1 General. 9 7.2 Inspections. 9 7.3
35、 Corrective actions 10 8.Recycling and disposal 11 8.1 Recycling. 11 8.2 Disposal 11 Annex A (informative) Activation of dry-charged cells 12 Annex B (informative) Bibliography. 13 Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=I
36、HS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:39:50 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright 2000 IEEE. All rights reserved. vi Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under licens
37、e with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:39:50 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright 2000 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1 IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation and Maintenance of Lead-Acid Batter
38、ies for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This recommended practice provides design considerations and procedures for storage, location, mounting, ventilation, assembly, and maintenance of lead-acid storage batteries for photovoltaic power systems. Safety precautions and instrumentatio
39、n considerations are also included. While this document gives general recommended practices, battery manufacturers may provide specifi c instructions for battery installation and maintenance. 1.2 Purpose This recommended practice is meant to assist lead-acid battery users to properly store, install,
40、 and maintain lead-acid batteries used in residential, commercial, and industrial photovoltaic systems. 2. References This recommended practice should be used in conjunction with the following publication. When the following standard is superseded by an approved revision, the revision should apply.
41、Accredited Standards Committee C2-1997, National Electrical Safety Code (NESC ). 1 1 The NESC is available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/). Copyright The Institute of Electrical and E
42、lectronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:39:50 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE Std 937-2000IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR INSTALLATION AND MAI
43、NTENANCE OF 2 Copyright 2000 IEEE. All rights reserved. 3. Defi nitions The following defi nitions apply specifi cally to this recommended practice. For other defi nitions, see The IEEE Standards Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms B6. 2 3.1 capacity (C): Generally, the total number of am
44、pere-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged battery at a specifi c discharge rate and electrolyte temperature, and to a specifi c cutoff voltage. 3.2 dry-charged cell: A cell that does not contain electrolyte for ease in shipping or storage, or both. 3.3 equalizing voltage: The voltage, hi
45、gher than fl oat, applied to a battery to correct inequalities among bat- tery cells (voltage or specifi c gravity) that may develop in service. 3.4 freshening charge: The charging of batteries to assure that they are maintained “fresh” in a near- maximum state of charge, and to assure that there is
46、 no deterioration of the battery plates due to self- discharge and resulting sulfation. Freshening charges are usually performed using the manufacturers recommended equalization or cycle-service charging voltage. 3.5 life: The period during which a fully charged battery is capable of delivering at l
47、east a specifi ed percentage of its capacity, generally 80%. 3.6 pilot cell(s): One or more cells chosen for monitoring the operating parameters, e.g., cell voltage, specifi c gravity and temperature, of the entire battery. 3.7 valve-regulated lead-acid cell (VRLA): A lead-acid cell that is sealed,
48、with the exception of a valve that opens to the atmosphere when the internal gas pressure in the cell exceeds the atmospheric pressure by a preselected amount. Valve-regulated cells provide a means for recombination of internally generated oxygen and the suppression of hydrogen gas evolution to limit water consumption. 3.8 vented cell: A cell in which the products of electrolysis and evaporation are allowed to escape to the atmosphere as they are generated. These batteries are commonly referred to as “fl ooded.” 4. Safety The safety practices listed herein should be followed