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1、IEEE Std C57.12.59-2001 IEEE Standards C57.12.59 TM IEEE Guide for Dry-Type Transformer Through-Fault Current Duration Published by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA 10 January 2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Sponsored by the
2、Transformers Committee IEEE Standards Print: SH94979 PDF: SS94979 -,-,- Recognized as an American National Standard (ANSI) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2001 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
3、Inc. All rights reserved. Published 10 January 2001. Printed in the United States of America. Print: ISBN 0-7381-3104-0SH94979 PDF: ISBN 0-7381-3105-9 SS94979 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permissi
4、on of the publisher. IEEE Std C57.12.59 -2001 IEEE Guide for Dry-Type Transformer Through-Fault Current Duration Sponsor Transformers Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 30 April 2002 American National Standards Institute Approved 6 December 2001 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract
5、: This guide sets forth recommendations believed essential for the application of overcur- rent protective devices that limit the exposure time of dry-type transformers to short-circuit currents. This guide is not intended to imply overload capability. Keywords: dry-type transformers, normal base cu
6、rrent, overcurrent protective devices, transform- er short-circuit impedance IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its standards through a consensus dev
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21、enter. Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mat- ter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEE
22、E shall not be responsible for identifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. -,-,- Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. iii Introduction (This introduct
23、ion is not a part of IEEE Std C57.12.59-2001, IEEE Guide for Dry-Type Transformer Through-Fault Current Duration.) This guide provides recommendations for the application of overcurrent protection devices to limit the expo- sure time of dry-type transformers to short circuits. It must not be confuse
24、d with IEEE Std C57.109 -1993, IEEE Guide for Liquid-Immersed Transformer Through-Fault Current Duration, which applies only to liq- uid-immersed transformers. Dry-type transformers differ signifi cantly from liquid-immersed types in several respects: a) There are fi ve different temperature ratings
25、 for dry-type transformers: 75 C, 90 C, 115 C, 130 C, and 150 C; whereas there is only one temperature rating for liquid-immersed transformers: 65 C. b) There are signifi cant variations in dry-type winding constructions, including conventional varnish impregnated layered windings, vertically stacke
26、d varnish-impregnated disk windings, solid-cast resin windings, and combinations thereof, all of which have different transient heating characteris- tics during time intervals greater than about 100 s. c)The transient heating of liquid-immersed transformer windings are considerably buffered by the i
27、nsulating medium in which they are immersed, providing a relatively long thermal time constant as compared to dry-type transformers. Because of the foregoing, the through-fault protection curves for dry-type transformers are limited to over- load time intervals of 100 s or less. No one curve for lon
28、ger time intervals would characterize the thermal performance of all the different dry-type transformer constructions and temperature ratings. Moreover, such curves are not known or, at least, not available. Consequently, the curves in this guide pertain to the temper- ature rise of the windings dur
29、ing time intervals less than 100 s, wherein nearly all the heat generated is stored in the conductors. For longer time intervals, it is recommended that reference be made to IEEE Std C57.96 -1999, IEEE Guide for Loading Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers. As short-circuit time intervals be
30、come progressively less than 100 s, mechanical considerations become more important than thermal characteristics. Short-circuit performance characteristics are contained in IEEE Std C57.12.01 -1998, IEEE Standard Gen- eral Requirements for Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers Including Those
31、 With Solid-Cast and/ or Resin-Encapsulated Windings. This guide supplements that information, but in no way supersedes it. Participants At the time this guide was completed, the Working Group for Dry-Type Transformer Through-Fault Current Duration had the following membership: Paulette A. Payne, Ch
32、air Derek Foster Michael E. Haas N. Wayne Hansen Philip J. Hopkinson Rush Horton Charles W. Johnson, Jr. Gene Morehart Bipin K. Patel -,-,- iv Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. The following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, dis
33、approval, or abstention. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 6 December 2001, it had the following membership: Donald N. Heirman, Chair James T. Carlo, Vice Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary *Member Emeritus Also included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaison
34、: Alan Cookson, NIST Representative Donald R. Volzka, TAB Representative Noelle D. Humenick IEEE Standards Project Editor S. H. Aguirre Jim Antweiler Edward A. Bertolini Thomas E. Blackburn, III Alain Bolliger Simon R. Chano Peter W. Clarke Guru Dutt Dhingra Dieter Dohnal J. C. Duart George Gela Ran
35、dall C. Groves Michael E. Haas Robert H. Hartgrove James D. Huddleston, III Charles W. Johnson, Jr. Anthony J. Jonnatti John G. Lackey Stephen R. Lambert Donald L. Lowe Allan Ludbrook Don MacMillan William A. Maguire K. T. Massouda John W. Matthews Nigel P. McQuin Joe Melanson Gary L. Michel Daniel
36、H. Mulkey Arthur S. Neubauer Klaus Papp Bipin K. Patel Dhiru S. Patel Wesley F. Patterson Paulette A. Payne Carlos O. Peixoto Paul Pillitteri Tom A. Prevost Madan Rana Radhakrishna V Rebbapragada John R. Rossetti Wes W. Schwartz Pat Scully Hyeong Jin Sim James E. Smith Ronald J. Stahara Frank Steven
37、s Ron W. Stoner John C. Sullivan Subhash C Tuli Gerald L. Vaughn James W. Wilson William G. Wimmer Satish K. Aggarwal Mark D. Bowman Gary R. Engmann Harold E. Epstein H. Landis Floyd Jay Forster* Howard M. Frazier Ruben D. Garzon James H. Gurney Richard J. Holleman Lowell G. Johnson Robert J. Kennel
38、ly Joseph L. Koepfi nger* Peter H. Lips L. Bruce McClung Daleep C. Mohla James W. Moore Robert F. Munzner Ronald C. Petersen Gerald H. Peterson John B. Posey Gary S. Robinson Akio Tojo Donald W. Zipse Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. v Contents 1.Overview 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose. 1 1.3 Ge
39、neral. 1 2.References 2 3.Definitions 2 4.Transformer coordination 2 4.1 Category I transformers. 4 4.2 Category II transformers 4 vi Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. -,-,- Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1 IEEE Guide for Dry-Type Transformer Through-Fault Current Duration 1. Over
40、view 1.1 Scope This guide applies to dry-type transformers designated as Category I and Category II in IEEE Std C57.12.01 -1998. 1 Category III transformers have not been included since these are not commonly manu- factured and may require special consideration depending on the manufacturers recomme
41、ndations. 1.2 Purpose Protective devices, such as relays and fuses, have well-defi ned operating characteristics that relate fault mag- nitude to clearing time. It is desirable that these characteristic curves be coordinated with comparable curves applicable to dry-type transformers that relate dura
42、tion and fault magnitude to withstand capability. This guide sets forth recommendations believed essential for the application of overcurrent protective devices that limit the exposure time of dry-type transformers to short-circuit currents. This guide is not intended to imply overload capability. 1
43、.3 General The magnitude and duration of fault currents are of utmost importance in establishing a coordinated protec- tion practice for transformers, as both mechanical and thermal effects of fault currents must be considered. For fault-current magnitudes near the maximum short-circuit current rati
44、ng of the transformer, mechanical effects are more signifi cant than thermal effects. The maximum symmetrical short-circuit current should not exceed 25 times normal base current in accordance with IEEE Std C57.12.01-1998. At lower fault-current magnitudes approaching the overload range, mechanical
45、effects are less important unless the frequency and duration of fault occurrence is high enough to promote mechanical degradation. The point of transition between mechanical concern and thermal concern cannot be precisely defi ned; mechanical effects tend to have a more prominent role in larger kVA
46、ratings because the mechanical forces are greater. 1 Information on references can be found in Clause 2. -,-,- IEEE Std C57.12.59-2001IEEE GUIDE FOR DRY-TYPE TRANSFORMER 2 Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. 2. References This guide is to be used in conjunction with the following publications.
47、 If the following publications are superseded by an approved revision, the revision shall apply. IEEE C37.91 -2000, IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Power Transformers. 2,3 IEEE C57.12.01-1998, IEEE Standard General Requirements for Dry-Type Distribution and Power Trans- formers Inclu
48、ding Those with Solid-Cast and/or Resin-Encapsulated Windings. IEEE C57.96 -1999, IEEE Guide for Loading Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers. 3. Defi nitions For the purposes of this guide, the following terms and defi nitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms B1 4
49、 should be referenced for terms not defi ned in this clause. 3.1 normal base current: Rated current of a transformer corresponding to its rated voltage and rated base kVA. 3.2 transformer short-circuit impedance: 1.) For Category I transformers, the transformer expressed in percent of rated voltage and rated base kVA of the trans