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1、IEEE Std 836-2001 (Revision of IEEE Std 836-1991) IEEE Standards IEEE Recommended Practice for Precision Centrifuge Testing of Linear Accelerometers Published by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA 7 November 2001 IEEE Aerospace and
2、 Electronic Systems Society Sponsored by the Gyro and Accelerometer Panel IEEE Standards Print: SH94948 PDF: SS94948 Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007
3、11:46:51 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Recognized as an American National Standard (ANSI) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2001 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
4、Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published xx Month 2001. Printed in the United States of America. Print: ISBN 0-7381-2942-9 SH94948 PDF: ISBN 0-7381-2943-7SS94948 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written
5、 permission of the publisher. IEEE Std 836-2001 (Revision of IEEE Std 836-1991) IEEE Recommended Practice for Precision Centrifuge Testing of Linear Accelerometers Sponsor Gyro and Accelerometer Panel of the IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society Approved 14 June 2001 IEEE-SA Standards Board
6、Abstract: This recommended practice provides a guide to the conduct and analysis of precision centrifuge tests of linear accelerometers, covering each phase of the tests, beginning with the planning. Possible error sources and typical methods of data analysis are addressed. The intent is to provide
7、those involved in centrifuge testing with a detailed understanding of the various factors affecting the accuracy of measurement, both those associated with the centrifuge and those in the data collection process. Model equations are discussed, both for the centrifuge and for a typical linear acceler
8、ometer, each with the complexity needed to accommodate the various identified characteristics and error sources in each. An iterative matrix equation solution is presented for deriving the various model equation coefficients for the accelerometer under test from the centrifuge test data. Keywords: a
9、ccelerometer, accelerometer test, centrifuge, linear accelerometer Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:46:51 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitte
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27、ned through the Copyright Clearance Center. iiCopyright ? 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:46:51 MDTNo reproduction
28、 or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Introduction (This introduction is not a part of IEEE Std 836-2001, IEEE Recommended Practice for Precision Centrifuge Testing of Linear Accelerometers.) This recommended practice was prepared by the Gyro and Accelerometer Panel of the Aerospac
29、e and Electronic Systems Society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. It provides a guide to the conduct and analysis of precision centrifuge tests of linear accelerometers and includes discussions of possible error sources in those tests. It provides guidance for each phase of
30、the tests, beginning with planning, and it ends with a discussion of typical methods of data analysis. A discussion of model equations is provided, both for the centrifuge and for a typical linear accelerometer, each with the complexity needed to accommodate the various identifi ed characteristics a
31、nd error sources in each. This recommended practice also presents an iterative matrix equation solution for derivation of the various model equation coeffi cients for the accelerometer under test, from the centrifuge test data. The matrix solution provides a two-quadrant best-fi t of the centrifuge
32、data to the chosen model equation. This recommended practice is intended to provide those involved in centrifuge testing with a detailed understanding of the various factors aff ecting accuracy of measurement, both those associated with the centrifuge and those in the data collection process. Numeri
33、cal examples are provided so that each factor can be quantitatively evaluated and its contribution to system error compared with the users required accuracy. This allows the user to identify and evaluate those factors that are critical to a specifi c planned test. The matrix equation method of data
34、reduction also provides a means of determining data validity as well as model equation adequacy, and yields the confi dence intervals for each of the model equation coeffi cients. This recommended practice consists of a main text and eight annexes. The main text provides the recommended practice for
35、 precision centrifuge testing following a tutorial section that is intended to provide the user with the understanding of critical factors in centrifuge testing, as well as the best methods for taking and reducing data. Annex A is a compilation of the characteristics of known precision centrifuges f
36、rom data provided from both users and manufacturers. The listing is intended as a guide to available facilities at the time of publication of this standard. Data provided should be considered as merely informative and not as specifi cations for the listed machines. Annex B provides a discussion of e
37、valuation of centrifuges, with references provided to sections of the standard that pertain to the attribute discussed. Annex C provides a more general discussion of fi tting theory, with particular regard to the often unique character of centrifuge data and corresponding accelerometer performance r
38、equirements. It discusses the application of the method of least squares by which matrix solutions such as that in the main tests are generated. It also describes the ease of understanding and use. These approximate methods generally address some measure of composite error, rather than directly eval
39、uating model equation coeffi cients. For example, a common specifi cation limits allowable deviations from a straight line determined by two specifi ed points, such as zero-g and some specifi c value of input g. Annex D discusses the limitations of and alternatives to centrifuge testing. Problems pr
40、oduced by the g-gradient, the spin rates required, and the diffi culty of producing short high-g input pulses are among those discussed. Alternatives such as use of dividing heads and earths gravity are discussed, along with sled testing and vibration testing. Double turntable centrifuge testing is
41、described. Annex E describes the processing of dual-proof-mass vibrating beam accelerometer centrifuge data. Annex F discusses scale factor calibration for high-g applications on an ultra-centrifuge. Annex G discusses thermal control and data acquisition on the centrifuge arm. Annex H is a bibliogra
42、phy. Copyright ? 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.iii Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:46:51 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without licen
43、se from IHS -,-,- The terminology used conforms to IEEE 100, The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition, and IEEE Std 528-2001, IEEE Standard for Inertial Sensor Terminology. The units used conform to IEEE Std 268-1992, American National Standard for Metric Practice. In th
44、is standard, the symbol g is used to denote a unit of acceleration equal in magnitude to the local value of gravity at the test site. This symbol is thus distinguished from g, which is the standard symbol for gram. Participants This publication represents a group eff ort on a large scale. The major
45、contributors to the original version of this recommended practice, IEEE Std 836-1991, were as follows: Rex B. Peters, Chair D. R. AndersonM. D. HooserP. W. Ott C. H. BarkerB. KatzS. C. Piccione S. F. BeckaK. J. KlarmanL. W. Richardson J. S. BeriM. G. KoningC. L. Seacord C. E. BossonE. L. LandenheimG
46、. L. Shaw H. T. CalifanoK. LantizP. B. Simpson A. T. Campbell*T. C. LearN. F. Sinnot A. ChampsiJ. LewisR. B. Smith J. F. ConroyD. D. LynchT. S. Stanley J. W. DaviesD. F. MacyC. O. Swanson* H. B. DiamondR. D. MarquessR. R. Thede G. W. EricksonH. D. MorrisL. O. Thielman J. FeldmanG. E. Morrison*C. I.
47、Thornburg A. H. FerrarisG. C. MurrayL. A . Trozpek T. A. FuhrmanG. H. NeugebauerR. L. Van Alstine K. N. GreenJ. G. NeugroshchlB. J. Wimber* R. E. HartzellD. F. NiemanB. R. Youmans While the development of IEEE Std 836-1991 was a group eff ort, the contributions of one member were fundamental to its
48、preparation, and he clearly deserves special recognition. George H. Neugebauer developed the iterative matrix data reduction technique outlined in 7.3.3, 7.3.4, and 7.3.5 of IEEE Std 836-1991 (subclauses 9.3.3, 9.3.4, and 9.3.5 of IEEE Std 836-2001). In addition, he was extremely active in the devel
49、opment and subsequent refi nement of most of the rest of the document. In large measure, the technical quality of this recommended practice resulted from his eff orts. A total of 68 individuals attended 15 meetings of the Gyro and Accelerometer Panel during preparation of this revised IEEE Std 836-2001. The following persons on the Gyro and Accelerometer Panel contributed to this revision, IEEE Std 836-2001: Sid