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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 4797:1978 ISO 3998:1977 Method of test for Textiles Determination of resistance to certain insect pests UDC 677.017.86:595.76 + 595.78 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 07:51:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4797:1978 This British Standard, ha
2、ving been prepared under the direction of the Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Executive Board on 28 February 1978 BSI 12-1999 First published February 1972 First revision February 1978 The following BSI references relate to the work on this sta
3、ndard: Committee reference FBT/16 Draft for approval 77/35700 ISBN 0 580 09879 6 Cooperating organizations The Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics Standards Committee, under whose direction this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and industrial
4、 organizations: Association of Jute Spinners and Manufacturers British Man-made Fibres Federation* British Nonwoven Manufacturers Association British Railways Board British Textile Employers Association* Central Council of the Irish Linen Industry Consumer Standards Advisory Committee of BSI Departm
5、ent of Industry International Wool Secretariat* Knitting Industries Federation Ltd.* Manchester Chamber of Commerce and Industry Ministry of Defence Narrow Fabrics Federation Retail Trading-Standards Association Textile Institute* Warp Knitters Association Ltd. Wool Textile Delegation* The organizat
6、ions marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: Soap and Detergent Industries Association Society of Dyers and Colourists Textile Research Council Amendments issued since
7、publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 07:51:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4797:1978 BSI 12-1999i Contents Page Cooperating organizationsInside front cover Forewordii 0Introduction1 1Scope and field of application1 2Princip
8、le1 3Apparatus1 4Conditioning, rearing and testing atmosphere1 5Specimens1 6Test insects2 7Procedure2 8Expression of results2 9Test report3 Annex A Breeding of larvae4 Table 1 Form and size of specimens1 Table 2 Estimation of cropping2 Table 3 Estimation of holes2 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffiel
9、dun, na, Fri Dec 01 07:51:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4797:1978 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics Standards Committee. It is identical with ISO 3998 “Textiles Determination of resistance to certai
10、n insect pests” which was prepared by ISO/TC38, Textiles, of the International Organization for Standardization with the active participation of the UK. Terminology and conventions. The text of the International Standard has been accepted as suitable for publication, without deviation, as a British
11、Standard. Certain terminology and conventions are used, however, that are not identical with those used in British Standards. Attention is therefore drawn to the following. Where the words “International Standard” relating to this publication appear, they should be interpreted as “British Standard”.
12、 The comma has been used throughout as a decimal marker. In British Standards it is current practice to use a full point on the baseline as the decimal marker. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for th
13、eir correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and
14、 may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 07:51:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4797:1978 BSI 12-19991 0 Introduction Some methods previously utilized for tes
15、ting resistance of textiles to insect pests relied solely on loss of mass of the test specimens exposed to larvae as the criterion of damage and this is, of course, the most objective result which can be obtained. However, with pile fabrics, if the larvae cut the roots of the pile or nap, significan
16、t loss of pile can sometimes be caused before the larvae die. In this case, the loss in mass of the test specimen may be above the generally acceptable limit although no damage is visible to the naked eye, and the fabric may be accepted as adequately proofed. Conversely, fabrics with a smooth milled
17、 surface, and fine knitwear, may have a loss in mass below the acceptable limit, but still show enough damage for them to be assessed as insufficiently proofed. Thus although determinations of mass are recorded in this method, subjective visual observations on the condition of the fabric and larvae
18、play an equal part in the assessment. In most cases the losses in mass will reinforce the visual observations. 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the resistance of textiles to the larvae of certain insects. It is applicable to all
19、 textiles containing animal fibre in any proportion. Information relating to the breeding of the larvae is given in the Annex. 2 Principle Conditioned voracity control specimens and test specimens of known mass are placed in contact with selected larvae for 14 days. The loss in mass of all specimens
20、, the extent of the attack on test specimens and the condition of the test larvae are ascertained to assess the resistance of each test specimen. 3 Apparatus 3.1 Metal containers, the covers of which are pierced with ventilating holes, shallow, large enough to permit the test larvae to remain in con
21、tact with, or move away from, the test specimens. A suitable size is 45 mm diameter, 10 mm height. 3.2 Flexible forceps and camel hair brush with pesticide-free bristles. 3.3 Weighing bottles, with stoppers. 3.4 Balance capable of determining mass to an accuracy of 0,1 mg. 3.5 Stamp of diameter 40 1
22、,5 mm for punching circular test specimens. 4 Conditioning, rearing and testing atmosphere The atmosphere for conditioning, rearing and testing shall have a relative humidity of 65 2 % and a temperature as specified below, depending on the type of insect or pest. 5 Specimens 5.1 Number 5.1.1 Test sp
23、ecimens Select at random eight test specimens from the sample of material to be tested, at widely spaced intervals. Use four of these as test specimens and four as moisture regain controls. 5.1.2 Test control specimens As it is essential to provide a control on the larval voracity, select eight test
24、 control specimens of undyed unproofed woollen material or yarn corresponding to the sample to be tested. Use four of these eight specimens as voracity controls and four as moisture regain controls. NOTEA test control specimen should be known to support insect growth and should preferably, but not n
25、ecessarily, be of the same type of material as the test specimen. A test control specimen is used to check that the test has been done correctly and that the test larvae are viable. 5.2 Form and characteristics The specimens shall be of the forms and sizes given in Table 1. Table 1 Form and size of
26、specimens Attagenus piceus Anthrenus flavipes 27 1 C Tineola bisselliella24 1 C Tinea pellionella25 1 C MaterialForm and size Woven or knitted fabrics, felts and furs Disks, 40 mm in diameter CarpetsSquares approximately 30 mm 30 mm, with tufts and/or loops along the edges intact Carpet pile alone20
27、0 mg specimens Yarn200 mg specimens, wound into a loose hank in the container Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 07:51:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4797:1978 2 BSI 12-1999 6 Test insects 6.1 The larva of any of the following test insects may be used as agreed
28、to between the parties interested in the test results: 6.2 Details of breeding of the above larvae are given in the Annex. There may be variations in the life cycle due to differences among strains of the same species of insects or the type of rearing medium used, which may call for some deviation i
29、n the age of the larvae used for tests. In that case, the deviation should be indicated in the test report. Differences caused by variation in temperature and humidity are largely overcome by use of the standard conditions given in clause 4. 7 Procedure 7.1 Condition all sixteen specimens in the atm
30、osphere specified in clause 4, for 24 h, then determine the mass of each separately in a stoppered weighing bottle (3.3) to an accuracy of 0,1 mg. 7.2 Place each of the specimens of known mass in a separate container (3.1). On to each of the four test specimens and the four voracity control specimen
31、s place fifteen larvae of the selected insect or pest. 7.3 Keep the sixteen containers in the dark, in the test atmosphere, for a period of 14 days. 7.4 After this time, remove all larvae, cast skins, excrement and loose fibres from the test specimens and voracity controls by means of pointed forcep
32、s and a camel hair brush (3.2). Transfer the test specimens, the voracity controls and the moisture regain controls to small tared weighing bottles (3.3). 7.5 Determine the mass separately of the test specimens, the voracity controls and the moisture regain controls. 7.6 If the mean loss in mass of
33、the four voracity controls (see 8.1) is less than 35 mg, or if any single value is less than 25 mg, or if more than 25 % of the control larvae die or pupate, declare the test invalid. 8 Expression of results 8.1 Method of calculation and formula Determine the loss in mass, m, of each test specimen a
34、nd voracity control, due to insect feeding, as follows: where m0is the mass of the test specimen or voracity control before exposure to larvae; m1is the mass of the test specimen or voracity control after exposure to larvae; m2is the mean initial mass of appropriate moisture regain controls; m3is th
35、e mean final mass of appropriate moisture regain controls. 8.2 Visual assessment of proofness Examine each test specimen and assess the visible damage using the symbols given in Table 2 and Table 3. Table 2 Estimation of cropping Table 3 Estimation of holes 8.3 Visual assessment of larval condition
36、Count and record for each test specimen the number of larvae in each of the following conditions: a) live; b) dead; c) pupating. Attagenus piceus (Oliv.) = Attagenus megatoma (Fabr.) (beetle) Anthrenus flavipes (Le Conte) = Anthrenus vorax (Waterhouse) (beetle) Tineola bisselliella (Hummel) (moth) T
37、inea pellionella (Linn.) (moth) SymbolCropping: Visible surface damage 1No detectable damage 2Very slight visible cropping 3Moderate cropping 4Very heavy cropping SymbolEstimation of holes ANo detectable damage BYarn or fibres partially severed CA few small holes; yarn or fibres severed DSeveral lar
38、ge holes Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 07:51:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4797:1978 BSI 12-19993 8.4 Assessment of resistance 8.4.1 A tested sample of fabric, carpet or yarn shall be considered a borderline case of satisfactory resistance if any of the fo
39、llowing applies: a) visible surface damage and estimation of holes is assessed as attack level 2 B on two of the test disks or squares, or two test lengths of yarn, with the remaining test specimens undamaged; b) visible surface damage and estimation of holes is assessed as attack level 3 B on any o
40、ne test disk or square, or one test length of yarn, with the yarn or fibres partially severed at more than one point (indicative of uneven proofer application), with the remaining test specimens undamaged; c) no surface damage is visible to the naked eye but the mean loss in mass is greater, than 15
41、,0 mg or the loss in mass of any one test specimen is greater than 20,0 mg. (This situation occurs not infrequently on carpets, furs and fabrics with a loosely raised rough pile, or thick yarns with a loose hairy surface.) 8.4.2 A tested sample of fabric, carpet or yarn shall be considered satisfact
42、orily resistant if the attack level is assessed as less than that defined as borderline under 8.4.1 a), b) and c). 8.4.3 A tested sample of fabric, carpet or yarn shall be considered inadequately resistant if the attack level is assessed as greater than that defined as borderline under 8.4.1 a), b)
43、and c). If the estimation of holes is assessed as C or D on any one test specimen, the sample falls into this category. 9 Test report The test report shall include the following particulars: a) a statement that the procedure was performed in accordance with this International Standard; b) type of te
44、xtile material under test; c) whether or not the sample has been subjected to laundering or dry cleaning; d) type of larvae used; e) larval condition at end of test (see 8.3); f) mean loss in mass, in milligrams, of the four test specimens (see 8.1); g) an assessment of visible damage (see 8.2); h)
45、mean loss in mass, in milligrams, of the four voracity controls (see 8.1); i) any deviation from the specified test procedure; j) resistance assessment. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 07:51:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4797:1978 4 BSI 12-1999 Annex Breedin
46、g of larvae A.1 Principle The insect pests are cultured on suitable media for specified times under controlled atmospheric conditions. The cultures are sieved, and the larvae are collected for use in the test. A.2 Insects The method describes procedures for rearing and maintaining the following inse
47、ct pests: A.3 Apparatus A.3.1 Rearing containers glass jars of suitable shape and volume, provided with fine mesh metal screen or cloth covers. A.3.2 Test sieves, of nominal sizes of aperture as follows: 0,180 mm 0,80 mm 1,00 mm 1,25 mm A.4 Media Six types of media commonly used to culture textile p
48、ests are described. Medium 2 Scoured, undyed, wool fabric is treated with a solution of cholesterol in light petroleum (boiling point 60 to 80 C) to obtain a 1 % deposit of sterol on the fabrics. The solvent is removed by heating and the fabric treated with an aqueous suspension of brewers yeast to
49、provide, after drying, a 50 to 80 % deposit. Medium 4 Virgin wool, either as chopped fibres or yarn, impregnated with cholesterol and brewers yeast. Medium 6 All-wool worsted white serge, impregnated with a 5 % dispersion of brewers yeast in water. A.5 Procedure A.5.1 Rearing conditions Use the conditions of atmospheric temperature and humidity described in clause 4 for rearing the larvae. Attagenus piceus (Oliv.) = Attagenus megatoma (Fabr.) (beetle) Anthrenus flavipes (Le Conte) = Anthrenus vorax (Waterhouse) (beetle)