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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5604:1986 IEC 587:1984 Methods for Evaluating resistance to tracking and erosion of electrical insulating materials used under severe ambient conditions UDC 621.315.611.001.4:620.193.7:621.317.333.6 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 14:55:11 GMT+00:00 2006, U
2、ncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5604:1986 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the General Electrotechnical Engineering Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 July 1986 BSI 11-1999 First published June 1978 Fi
3、rst revision July 1986 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference GEL/16 Draft for comment 85/28025 DC ISBN 0 580 15268 5 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the General Electrotechnical
4、 Engineering Standards Committee (GEL/-) to Technical Committee GEL/16, upon which the following bodies were represented: Adhesive Tape Manufacturers Association British Industrial Ceramic Manufacturers Association British Paper and Board Industry Federation (PIF) British Plastics Federation British
5、 Telecommunications plc Department of Trade and Industry (National Measurement Accreditation Service) Electrical and Electronic Insulation Association (BEAMA Ltd) Electrical Installation Equipment Manufacturers Association (BEAMA Ltd) Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Electronic Engin
6、eering Association ERA Technology Ltd Ministry of Defence Rotating Electrical Machines Association (BEAMA Ltd) Rubber and Plastics Research Association of Great Britain Telecommunication Engineering and Manufacturing Association (TEMA) Transmission and Distribution Association (BEAMA Ltd) Amendments
7、 issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 14:55:11 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5604:1986 BSI 11-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii 1Scope and object1 2Definitions1 3Te
8、st specimens1 4Apparatus1 5Procedure2 6Test report3 Figure 1 Test specimen with holes for fixing electrodes3 Figure 2a Schematic circuit diagram4 Figure 2b Example: typical circuit for an overcurrent dela delay relay (F in Figure 2a)4 Figure 3a Assembly of the electrodes5 Figure 3b Test assembly, sc
9、hematic5 Figure 4 Top electrode, stainless steel 0.5 mm thick6 Figure 5 Bottom electrode, stainless steel 0.5 mm thick6 Figure 6 Filter-paper (eight sheets requested for each top electrode)6 Table I1 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 14:55:11 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (
10、c) BSI BS 5604:1986 ii BSI 11-1999 National foreword This revision of BS 5604, published under the direction of the General Electrotechnical Engineering Standards Committee, is identical with IEC 587:1984 “Test methods for evaluating resistance to tracking and erosion of electrical insulating materi
11、als used under severe ambient conditions”, published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). It supersedes BS 5604:1978 which is withdrawn. Terminology and conventions. The text of the International Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as a British Standard without
12、deviation. Some terminology and certain conventions are not identical with those used in British Standards; attention is drawn especially to the following. In Figure 4 the comma has been used as a decimal marker. In British Standards it is current practice to use a full point on the baseline as the
13、decimal marker. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This doc
14、ument comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 6 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheff
15、ieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 14:55:11 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5604:1986 BSI 11-19991 1 Scope and object This standard describes two test methods for the evaluation of electrical insulating materials for use under severe ambient conditions at power frequencies (48 Hz to 62 Hz) by meas
16、urement of the resistance to tracking and erosion, using a liquid contaminant and inclined plane specimens. Method 1: constant tracking voltage; Method 2: stepwise tracking voltage. NOTEThe test conditions are designed to accelerate the production of the effects, but do not reproduce all the conditi
17、ons encountered in service. With the test apparatus described in the following sub-clauses, the track starts at the lower electrode. Two criteria for determining the end point of the test are in use: Criterion A: The end point is reached when the value of the current in the high voltage circuit thro
18、ugh the specimen exceeds 60 mA. An overcurrent device then breaks this circuit. NOTEThis end point criterion permits the use of an automatic apparatus testing several specimens simultaneously. Criterion B: The end point is reached when the track reaches a mark on the specimen surface 25 mm from the
19、lower electrode (see Figure 1 and Figure 3b, pages 3 and 5). NOTE 1This end point criterion requires visual supervision and manual control. NOTE 2Criterion A is the preferred criterion. Criterion B may be used if required by the relevant material specification. 2 Definitions 2.1 track a partially co
20、nducting path created by localized deterioration on the surface of an insulating material 2.2 tracking the process that produces tracks as a result of the action of electric discharges on or close to a contaminated surface of an insulating material 2.3 erosion, electrical the wearing away of electri
21、cal insulating material by the action of electrical discharges 2.4 time-to-track the time required to produce tracks under the specified conditions of test 3 Test specimens 3.1 Dimensions Flat inclined specimens shall be at least 50 mm 120 mm. The preferred thickness shall be 6 mm. Other thicknesses
22、 may be used, but must be mentioned in the test report. The specimens shall be drilled as shown in Figure 1, page 3, to take the electrodes. 3.2 Preparation Unless otherwise specified, the surface of the specimens shall be lightly abraded. The abrasion should be done with a fine silicon carbide abra
23、sive paper under de-ionized or distilled water until the whole surface wets and appears uniformly matt when dry. If abrasion has not been used, the method of cleaning shall be mentioned in the test report. Specimens used for criterion B (see Clause 1) shall have reference marks on both edges 25 mm a
24、bove the lower electrode (see Figure 1 and Figure 3b, page 5). 4 Apparatus 4.1 Electrical apparatus A schematic circuit is given in Figure 2a, page 4. As the test will be carried out at high voltages, it is obviously necessary to use an earthed safety enclosure. The circuit comprises: 4.1.1 A 48 Hz
25、to 62 Hz power supply with an output voltage stabilized to 5 % which can be varied up to about 6 kV with a rated current not less than 0.1 A for each specimen. Preferred test voltages are 2.5 kV, 3.5 kV and 4.5 kV, for method 1. NOTEIf only one power supply is used for several specimens, each should
26、 have a circuit-breaker or similar device (see Sub-clause 4.1.4). 4.1.2 A 200 W resistor with 10 % tolerance in series with each specimen on the high-voltage side of the power supply. The resistance of the resistor shall be taken from Table I. Table I 4.1.3 A voltmeter with an accuracy of 1.5 % of r
27、eading. Test voltage Preferred test voltage for method 1 Contaminant flow rate Series resistor, resistance (kV)(kV)(ml/min)(k7) 1.0 to 1.75 2.0 to 2.75 3.0 to 3.75 4.0 to 4.75 5.0 to 6.0 2.5 3.5 4.5 0.075 0.15 0.30 0.60 0.90 1 10 22 33 33 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 14:55:
28、11 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5604:1986 2 BSI 11-1999 4.1.4 An overcurrent delay relay (for example see Figure 2b, page 4) or any other device which operates when 60 mA or more has persisted in the high-voltage circuit for 2 s. 4.2 Electrodes All electrodes, fixtures and assembly
29、elements associated with the electrodes, such as screws, shall be made of stainless steel. The electrode assembly is shown in Figure 3a, page 5. NOTEThe electrodes shall be cleaned prior to each test and replaced when necessary. 4.2.1 The top electrode is shown in Figure 4, page 6. 4.2.2 The bottom
30、electrode is shown in Figure 5, page 6. 4.3 Contaminant 4.3.1 Unless otherwise specified use: 0.1 0.002 % by mass of NH4Cl (ammonium chloride) analytical quality and 0.02 0.002 % by mass of iso-octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (a non-ionic wetting agent) in distilled or de-ionized water. This contamina
31、nt shall have a resistivity of 3.95 0.05 7m at 23 1 C. The contaminant shall be not more than four weeks old and its resistivity shall be checked before each series of tests. 4.3.2 Eight layers of filter-paper, of the approximate dimensions given in Figure 6, page 6, are clamped between the top elec
32、trode and the specimen to act as a reservoir for the contaminant. 4.3.3 The contaminant shall be fed into this filter-paper pad so that a uniform flow between the top and the bottom electrodes shall occur before voltage application. NOTEThis can be done by pumping the contaminant through a tube into
33、 the filter-paper pad. The tube can be held between the filter papers by a clip of stainless steel. Another possibility is to drip the contaminant into the filter-paper pad with a fixed drop size and fixed number of drops per minute. 4.3.4 The rate of application of contaminant shall be that specifi
34、ed in Table I in relation to the applied voltage. 4.4 Timing device A timing device with an accuracy of about 1 min/h. NOTEFor example a 1 min pulser with a counter is acceptable. 4.5 Depth gauge A depth gauge with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. The point of the probe shall be hemispherical with a radius o
35、f 0.25 mm. 5 Procedure 5.1 Preparation of the test 5.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be carried out at an ambient temperature of 23 2 C on sets of five specimens for each material. 5.1.2 Mount the specimen, with the flat test surface on the underside, at an angle of 45 from the horizo
36、ntal as shown in Figure 3b, page 5, with the electrodes 50 0.5 mm apart. NOTEFor each test, use a new filter-paper pad. 5.1.3 Start introducing the contaminant into the filter-paper pad allowing the contaminant to wet the paper thoroughly. Adjust the contaminant flow and calibrate to give a flow rat
37、e as specified in Table I. Observe the flow for at least 10 min and ensure that the contaminant flows steadily down the face of the test specimen between the electrodes. The contaminant shall flow from the quill hole of the top electrode and not from the sides or the top of the filter-paper. 5.2 App
38、lication of the voltage 5.2.1 Method 1: constant tracking voltage With the contaminant flowing uniformly at the specified rate, according to Table I, switch on and raise the voltage to one of the preferred test voltages, 2.5 kV, 3.5 kV or 4.5 kV and start the timing device. The voltage shall be main
39、tained constant for 6 h. If the test has to be repeated at a higher or lower voltage, a further set of five specimens shall be tested for each selected preferred voltage. The constant tracking voltage is the highest voltage withstood by all five specimens for 6 h without failure. Classification of t
40、he material is as follows: Class 1A 0 or 1B 0 if any specimen fails at 2.5 kV in less than 6 h according to criterion A or B of Clause 1. Class 1A 2.5 or 1B 2.5 if all five specimens survive 6 h at 2.5 kV and if any specimen fails at 3.5 kV in less than 6 h. Class 1A 3.5 or 1B 3.5 if all five specim
41、ens survive 6 h at 3.5 kV and if any specimen fails at 4.5 kV in less than 6 h. Class 1A 4.5 or 1B 4.5 if all five specimens survive 6 h at 4.5 kV. In each case, the maximum depth of erosion is to be reported. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 14:55:11 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontroll
42、ed Copy, (c) BSI BS 5604:1986 BSI 11-19993 5.2.2 Method 2: stepwise tracking voltage Select a starting voltage, being a multiple of 250 V, such that failure according to criterion A of Clause 1 (current exceeding 60 mA) does not occur sooner than the third voltage step (a preliminary trial test may
43、be necessary). With the contaminant flowing uniformly at the specified rate, switch on and raise the voltage to the selected value. Maintain this voltage for 1 h and increase the voltage by a step of 250 V for each subsequent hour until failure by criterion A is recorded. As the voltage is increased
44、 the contaminant flow rate and the resistance value of the series resistor are increased according to Table I. The stepwise tracking voltage is the highest voltage withstood by all five specimens for 1 h without failure. Classification of the material is as follows: Class 2A x, where x is the highes
45、t voltage, in kilovolts, withstood by the material under test. NOTE 1Effective scintillation is essential and if not obtained, the electrical circuit, the contaminant flow characteristics and contaminant resistivity should be carefully checked. Scintillation means the existence of small yellow to wh
46、ite (with some materials occasionally blue) arcs just above the teeth of the lower electrode, within a few minutes of application of the voltage. These discharges should occur in an essentially continuous manner, although they may jump from one tooth to another before finally settling down to cause
47、a small bright “hot spot”. This “hot spot” will burn away the specimen surface and may ultimately lead to tracking failure. Discharges which move rapidly over the surface between the two electrodes are not likely to produce trackings. The condition of effective scintillation may also be observed wit
48、h a cathode-ray oscilloscope. The signal may be picked up across a resistor (e.g. 330 7, 2 W) placed in series with the overcurrent device. Proper scintillation is observed as a continual, but non-uniform, break-up of the power frequency current wave during each half cycle. NOTE 2The overcurrent dev
49、ice should operate before the track reaches the top electrode when a 60 mA current flows in the conducting track and in the stream of electrolyte remaining on the surface. NOTE 3Erosion depth is measured after scraping away or otherwise removing decomposed insulation and debris, taking care not to remove any undamaged test material. 6 Test report The report shall include: 6.1 Type and designation of material tested. 6.2 Details of the specimens: fabrication and dimensions, cleaning procedure and solvent used, surface treatment if any,