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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 11449 First edition 1994-I O-01 ALNSI Internat Doe Se? Walk-behind powered rotary tillers - Definitions, safety requirements and test procedures Motoculteurs 9 conducteur 2 pied - Dkfinitions, exigences de s - electnc powered handheld front-mounted tillers; - the electnc a
2、spects of electrically powered rotary tillers having a voltage exceeding 42 V d.c. or which are mains-connected. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publi- cation
3、, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to rnvestrgate the possibility of applying the most re- cent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers
4、of cur- rently valid International Standards. IS0 3411:1982, Earth-moving machinery - Human physical dimensions of operators and minimum oper- ator space envelope. IS0 3767-l :1991, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment - Symbols for operator controls an
5、d other displays - Part I: Common symbols. I SO 3767-2: 1991, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 2: Symbols for agricultural tractors and ma- chinery. IS0 3767-3: 1988, Tractors, machinery for
6、agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 3: Symbols for powered lawn and garden equipment. IS0 3789-l : 1982, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment - Location and method of oper
7、ation of operator con- trols - Part I: Common controls. IS0 3789-2:1982, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment - Location and method of operation of operator con- trols - Part 2: Controls for agricultural tractors and machinery. IS0 5395:1990, Power lawn
8、-mowers, lawn tractors, lawn and garden tractors, professional mowers, and lawn and garden tractors with mowing attachments - Definitions, safety requirements and test pro- cedures. 1 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Techni
9、cal Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 08:30:14 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 11449:1994(E) 43 IS0 IS0 11684:- 11, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment - General principles for safety sig
10、ns and hazard pic- torials. IEC 335-1:1976, Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Part 1: General requirements. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 pedestrian-controlled (walk-behind) powered rotary tiller: Tilling mac
11、hine with a powered rotary member, with or without traction drive that is in- tended to break up soil and is normally controlled by the operator walking behind or alongside it. 3.1.1 front tine rotary tiller: Pedestrian-controlled (walk-behind) powered rotary tiller whose ground traction is provided
12、 by its rotating tines or whose ro- tating member is substantially forward of the drive wheels. See figure 1 a). 3.1.2 rear tine rotary tiller: Pedestrian-controlled (walk-behind) powered rotary tiller whose ground traction is provided by the drive wheels and whose rotating member is substantially b
13、ehind the drive wheels. See figure 1 b). 3.1.3 handheld rotary tiller: Pedestrian-controlled (walk-behind) rotary tiller whose ground traction is provided by its rotating tines with or without support wheels in such a way that its rotating elements act as hoeing blades and ensure forward propulsion.
14、 See figure 1 cl. 3.2 power source: Engine or motor which provides mechanical energy for linear or rotational movement. 3.3 clutch: Device used for engaging or disengaging the load from the power source. 3.4 starting device: Handle, lever, switch or similar control required to actuate starting mecha
15、nism. 3.5 handlebars: Device equipped with grips en- abling the machine to be controlled manually. 3.6 tines tools: Those portions of the rotating member that are in contact with and penetrate the soil. 3.7 tine barrier: Structural members, such as transport wheels, portions of the tiller frame, gro
16、und stake, or any combination of these members, that re- strict entry of the operator into the rotating tines. 3.8 guard; shield: Part of the rotary tiller or compo- nent incorporated to provide protection for the oper- ator. 3.9 operator presence control: Control designed so that it will automatica
17、lly interrupt power to a drive when the operator s actuating force is removed. 3.10 engine motor start: Change of engine state from not producing power to producing power. 3.11 manual start: Use of operator force on a de- vice to rotate the engine for starting purposes. 3.12 operator hand-control po
18、sition: Area or space within which all hand-controls to be operated from the operator position are located. 3.13 operator position: Area occupied by the oper- ator during normal operation of the machine. 3.14 operator zone: Area into which the extremities of a 95th percentile male can reach from the
19、 normal operator position. (See figure 5.) 3.15 normal operation: Any use of the machine which is reasonably foreseeable, as perceived by the ordinary user, and which is consistent with such ac- tivities as tilling, starting, stopping, fuelling and trans- porting. 3.16 durable label: Label that is c
20、onsidered to be virtually permanent. 1) To be published. 2 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 08:30:14 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license fro
21、m IHS -,-,- IS0 11449:1994(E) - Forward direction of machine travel Rotating member (ground traction) Rotating tines (ground traction) a) Front tine tiller -Forward direction of machine travel Drive wheels (ground traction) J b) Rear tine tiller L Rotating member -Forward direction of machine travel
22、 Rotating tines (ground traction) _ L. With or without support wheels c) Handheld tiller Figure 1 - Types of rotary tillers 3 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 08:3
23、0:14 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 11449:1994(E) 0 IS0 4 General construction 4.1 Powered driven components (other than tilling) 4.1.1 Powered driven gears, chains, sprockets, belts, friction drives, pulleys, fans, fan-wheel shafting and other moving p
24、arts whenever they create a pinch point or are capable of causing injury shall be so pos- itioned or guarded by shields or similar attachments to prevent accidental contact with these components by the operator during normal starting and operation of the machine. Drive-shafts shall be fully guarded.
25、 Move cone A, with the axis of the cone anywhere between 0” and 180” to the horizontal with the nose or point of the cone downward (in relation to the horizontal direction) towards the hot surface. The cone shall not be moved upwards. When moving the cone, determine if contact is made with the hot s
26、ur- face area(s) with the cone tip or conical surface of the cone. Cone B may be moved in any direction for ex- haust surfaces. 4.2.1.2 Test acceptance The tip or conical surface of cone A or B shall not make contact with the hot surface of the exhaust system. The principles set out in IS0 5395:1990
27、, annex A, shall be followed when developing a guarding system. 4.3 Protection from exhaust fumes Engine exhausts shall be directed away from the op- erator in all operating positions. 4.1.2 All guards shall be permanently attached to the machine and shall not be detachable without the use of tools.
28、 The opening of the guards shall require the use of a tool. Exceptions to this are opening or re- moving interlocked guards which disable the pro- tected moving parts, the opening of hinged guards for soil discharge and engine compartment access. 5 Guarding of tilling means 5.1 Rear tiller The rear
29、tines shall be guarded as shown in figure3. 4.2 Heat protection 4.2.1 Temperature limits of exposed parts A guard or shield shall be provided to prevent acci- dental contact with engine exhaust components greater than 10 cm2 of surface and with a hot surface greater than 80 “C at (20 + 3) “C ambient
30、 tempera- ture during normal operation of the machine. 4.2.1.1 Test method Conduct the test in the shade. Operate the engine at its maximum no-load speed until the surface tem- perature stabilizes. Temperatures shall be determined by correcting the observed temperature by the difference between the
31、specified ambient and the test ambient temperature. Identify the hot surface area(s) on the engine exhaust system. When the distance between the identified hot area and the nearest control is over 100 mm, cone A in figure2 shall be used. For a distance less than 100 mm between the identified hot are
32、a and the nearest control, cone B in figure2 shall be used. A protective guard shall be provided at the rear of the tiller that, when the tines are placed on a level sup- porting surface, will extend to a maximum of 25 mm above the level supporting surface and shall have a width of at least the comp
33、osite width of the tines. Any movable shield, when released, shall auto- matically return. The protective guard shall have side coverings. 5.2 Front and handheld tillers The rotating member of the front tine and handheld tillers shall be protected by a solidly fixed guard, covering the rotating elem
34、ents rearward to an angle of at least 60” to the vertical see figure4a)l. The minimum length of the guard shall be as specified in table 1. Table 1 Dimensions in millimetres Working width Length of guard min. 600 working width 600 4 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided b
35、y IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 08:30:14 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 11449:1994(E) Dimensions tn milllmetres 0 560 Horizontal plane Cone A Cone B Figure 2 - Test cones Dimensions
36、In milltmetres Tines resting on level supporting surface i/ d 1 ,/ ,/,/j/ Figure 3 - Guarding of tilling means - Rear tillers 5 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 08
37、:30:14 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 11449:1994(E) 0 IS0 Dimensions in millimetres r Protection L: “ 500 min. b) Handlebars with cross-beam I 550 min. a) Protective coverings c) Handlebars without cross-beam 1) See table 1. Figure 4 - Guarding of tilli
38、ng means - Front and handheld tillers The distance between the projection on the horizontal plane of the midpoint of the straight line which joins the ends of the handlebars and the projection on this plane of the outer penphery of the rotating parts of the tool shall be at least 900 mm and at least
39、 500 mm in the case of horizontal handlebars which are not parallel to the direction of machine movement see figure 4 b). A cross-beam shall be placed between the handlebars, located at more than 550 mm from the tool periphery to prevent the operator approaching see figure4 b). This crossbeam is not
40、 necessary if, at 550 mm from the tool, the distance between the handlebars is less than 320 mm see figure4c)l. The tiller handlebar shall be fastened to the tiller to prevent loss of control by unintentional uncoupling while in operation. The barrier between the handlebars and the body of the machi
41、ne shall be de- signed so that it does not yield under normal working conditions. 6 Controls 6.1 General Operator controls shall meet the requirements speci- fied in IS0 3789-l and IS0 3789-3. The control shall also accommodate the 5th to the 95th percentile adult operator as defined in IS0 3411. Th
42、e following are not considered operator controls: - depth control; - engine starting; - tiller attachment discharge arrangements; - tiller cover adjustment arrangements. 6 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standard
43、s 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 08:30:14 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 0 IS0 IS0 11449:1994(E) The location and range of movement of operator controls shall be convenient to the operator and shall remain within the anthropometric dimensions given
44、 in figure 5. The operating range of less frequently used controls may be extended by considering that the operator s trunk, when standing with both feet on the ground, articulates within the confines of the operator zone, for example leans forward until contacting the handle in any of the operating
45、 positions. Engine starting controls may be outside this range if starting can only be accomplished with tine drive dis- engaged. The reverse function of the traction drive control(s) shall require continuous activation in the direction of travel to drive, and shall automatically return to neutral w
46、hen released. On self-propelled tillers, it shall be possible to engage or disengage the traction drive when the tilling means is operating. The machine shall be fitted with a device on the con- trol handle which will automatically stop tine rotation when the operator s hands are removed from the ha
47、ndle; this may be accomplished either by stopping the drive motor or by an intermediate tine clutch/brake mechanism. 6.2 Starting device Machines shall be equipped with a device which pre- vents all means of starting the engine where this starting could induce rotation of the wheels and/or working t
48、ools. The type of device which could be considered as fulfilling this requirement is one which, for example, only allows the engine to start when the gear-lever is in neutral and the tool is disengaged (declutched). Such a device is not necessary if the start-up system is located in such a way, when
49、 disengaged, that the operator cannot place himself in the danger zone in order to actuate it. The danger zone (see figure61 is the longitudinal band defined by the working width of the tool or equipment limited towards the rear at a distance of 550 mm from the exterior envelope of the tool or equipmen