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1、 Reference number ISO 12213-3:2006(E) ISO 2006 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12213-3 Second edition 2006-11-15 Natural gas Calculation of compression factor Part 3: Calculation using physical properties Gaz naturel Calcul du facteur de compression Partie 3: Calcul partir des caractristiques physiques C
2、opyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Rock Island Arsenal/9983967100, User=Schabilion, Shelley Not for Resale, 04/10/2007 06:51:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 12213-3:2006(E) PDF discl
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5、e file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All ri
6、ghts reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of t
7、he requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license wi
8、th ISO Licensee=Rock Island Arsenal/9983967100, User=Schabilion, Shelley Not for Resale, 04/10/2007 06:51:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 12213-3:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1
9、3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Method of calculation. 2 4.1 Principle. 2 4.2 The SGERG-88 equation 2 4.3 Input variables. 3 4.4 Ranges of application. 3 4.5 Uncertainty 5 5 Computer program . 6 Annex A (normative) Symbols and units. 7 Annex B (normative) Description of the SGERG-88 method. 10 Annex C
10、(normative) Example calculations 21 Annex D (normative) Conversion factors 22 Annex E (informative) Specification for pipeline quality natural gas . 25 Annex F (informative) Performance over wider ranges of application. 28 Annex G (informative) Subroutine SGERG.FOR in Fortran . 33 Bibliography. 38 C
11、opyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Rock Island Arsenal/9983967100, User=Schabilion, Shelley Not for Resale, 04/10/2007 06:51:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 12213-3:2006(E) iv ISO 20
12、06 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in
13、a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commissi
14、on (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical c
15、ommittees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall n
16、ot be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 12213-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 193, Natural gas, Subcommittee SC 1, Analysis of natural gas. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12213-3:1997), which has been technically revised
17、. The revision includes changes to Subclause 4.4.1 and the addition of a new annex, Annex E. ISO 12213 consists of the following parts, under the general title Natural gas Calculation of compression factor: Part 1: Introduction and guidelines Part 2: Calculation using molar-composition analysis Part
18、 3: Calculation using physical properties Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Rock Island Arsenal/9983967100, User=Schabilion, Shelley Not for Resale, 04/10/2007 06:51:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license f
19、rom IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12213-3:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1 Natural gas Calculation of compression factor Part 3: Calculation using physical properties 1 Scope ISO 12213 specifies methods for the calculation of compression factors of natural gases, natural gases containin
20、g a synthetic admixture and similar mixtures at conditions under which the mixture can exist only as a gas. This part of ISO 12213 specifies a method for the calculation of compression factors when the superior calorific value, relative density and carbon dioxide content are known, together with the
21、 relevant pressures and temperatures. If hydrogen is present, as is often the case for gases with a synthetic admixture, the hydrogen content also needs to be known. NOTE In principle, it is possible to calculate the compression factor when any three of the parameters superior calorific value, relat
22、ive density, carbon dioxide content (the usual three) and nitrogen content are known, but subsets including nitrogen content are not recommended. The method is primarily applicable to pipeline quality gases within the ranges of pressure p and temperature T at which transmission and distribution oper
23、ations normally take place, with an uncertainty of about 0,1 %. For wider-ranging applications the uncertainty of the results increases (see Annex F). More detail concerning the scope and field of application of the method is given in ISO 12213-1. 2 Normative references The following referenced docu
24、ments are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6976:1995, Natural gas Calculation of calorific values, density, relative
25、density and Wobbe index from composition ISO 12213-1, Natural gas Calculation of compression factor Part 1: Introduction and guidelines ISO 80000-4, Quantities and units Part 4: Mechanics ISO 80000-5, Quantities and units Part 5: Thermodynamics 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this docume
26、nt, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12213-1 apply. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Rock Island Arsenal/9983967100, User=Schabilion, Shelley Not for Resale, 04/10/2007 06:51:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted w
27、ithout license from IHS -,-,- ISO 12213-3:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved 4 Method of calculation 4.1 Principle The method recommended uses equations which are based on the concept that pipeline quality natural gas may be uniquely characterized for calculation of its volumetric properties by
28、an appropriate and distinctive set of measurable physical properties. These characteristics, together with the pressure and temperature, are used as input data for the method. The method uses the following physical properties: superior calorific value, relative density and carbon dioxide content. Th
29、e method is particularly useful in the common situation where a complete molar composition is not available, but may also be preferred for its relative simplicity. For gases with a synthetic admixture, the hydrogen content needs to be known. 4.2 The SGERG-88 equation The calculation method using phy
30、sical properties is based on the standard GERG 88 (SGERG-88) virial equation for natural gases 1, 2, 3. The standard GERG 88 virial equation is derived from the master GERG 88 (MGERG-88) virial equation, which is a method of calculation based on a molar-composition analysis 4. The SGERG-88 virial eq
31、uation from which the compression factor Z is calculated may be written as 1ZBC=+ 2 mm (1) where B and C are functions of the input data comprising the superior calorific value HS, the relative density d, the contents of both inert and combustible non-hydrocarbon components of the gas mixture (CO2 a
32、nd H2) and the temperature T; m is the molar density given by ()pZRT= m (2) where Z = f1(p, T, HS, d, xCO2, xH2) (3) However, the SGERG-88 method treats the natural-gas mixture internally as a five-component mixture consisting of an equivalent hydrocarbon gas (with the same thermodynamic properties
33、as the sum of the hydrocarbons present), nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and carbon monoxide. To characterize the thermodynamic properties of the hydrocarbon gas adequately, the hydrocarbon heating value HCH is also needed. Therefore, the calculation of Z uses Z = f2 (p, T, HCH, xCH, xN2, xCO2, x
34、H2, xCO) (4) In order to be able to model coke oven gas mixtures, the mole fraction of carbon monoxide is taken to have a fixed relation to the hydrogen content. If hydrogen is not present (xH2 0,550,970,45dxx+ 22 COH (B.43) b) The intermediate calculated value for the mole fraction of nitrogen shal
35、l satisfy the following conditions: 0,010,5xuu 2 N (B.44) 0,5xx+u 22 NCO (B.45) c) Furthermore, the internal consistency of the input data for the third iteration loop shall satisfy the condition: 0,550,40,970,45dxxx+ 222 NCOH (B.46) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided
36、by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Rock Island Arsenal/9983967100, User=Schabilion, Shelley Not for Resale, 04/10/2007 06:51:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 12213-3:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 21 Annex C (normative) Example calculations T
37、he following example calculations shall be used for the validation of computer implementations of the SGERG-88 method not cited in Annex B. The calculations have been carried out using the validated executable programme GERG-88.EXE, which incorporates the subroutine SGERG.FOR described in Annex B. T
38、able C.1 Input data Gas 1 Gas 2 Gas 3 Gas 4 Gas 5 Gas 6 xCO2 0,006 0,005 0,015 0,016 0,076 0,011 xH2 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,095 0,000 0,000 d 0,581 0,609 0,650 0,599 0,686 0,644 HS (MJm3) 40,66 40,62 43,53 34,16 36,64 36,58 Table C.2 Results (Z-values) Conditions Gas 1 Gas 2 Gas 3 Gas 4 Gas 5 Gas 6 p b
39、ar t C 60 3,15 0,840 84 0,833 97 0,794 15 0,885 69 0,826 64 0,854 06 60 6,85 0,862 02 0,856 15 0,822 10 0,901 50 0,850 17 0,873 88 60 16,85 0,880 07 0,875 00 0,845 53 0,915 07 0,870 03 0,890 71 60 36,85 0,908 81 0,904 91 0,882 23 0,936 84 0,901 24 0,917 36 60 56,85 0,929 96 0,926 90 0,908 93 0,953 0
40、2 0,923 94 0,936 90 120 3,15 0,721 46 0,711 40 0,643 22 0,808 43 0,695 57 0,749 39 120 6,85 0,759 69 0,750 79 0,690 62 0,836 13 0,738 28 0,784 73 120 16,85 0,792 57 0,784 72 0,731 96 0,859 99 0,774 63 0,814 90 120 36,85 0,844 92 0,838 77 0,797 78 0,898 27 0,831 66 0,862 66 120 56,85 0,883 22 0,878 3
41、2 0,845 54 0,926 62 0,872 69 0,897 49 These gases are the same as the six gases in ISO 12213-2:2006, Annex C, where the complete molar compositions are given. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Rock Island Arsenal/9983967100, User
42、=Schabilion, Shelley Not for Resale, 04/10/2007 06:51:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 12213-3:2006(E) 22 ISO 2006 All rights reserved Annex D (normative) Conversion factors D.1 Reference conditions The reference conditions for which the standard GERG
43、88 virial equation was developed and which the SGERG.FOR computer subroutine uses internally are Calorific value by combustion at T1 = 298,15 K (t1 = 25 C) p = 101,325 kPa gas metered at T2 = 273,15 K (t2 = 0 C) p = 101,325 kPa The latter set of conditions are also the reference conditions for relat
44、ive density. Considerable care is needed to ensure that correctly referenced inputs are used for calorific value and relative density. Several countries normally use the above conditions, but others use alternative conditions. This can easily cause confusion, particularly since the unit of calorific
45、-value measurement in each case may still be MJm3. Table D.1 is a guide to which of the major international gas-trading countries use which reference conditions. For those using non-metric units for calorific value (i.e. Btuft3), conversion both of units and of reference conditions is required. The
46、conversion factors used are taken from Reference 3. Table D.1 Nationally adopted metric reference conditions for the measurement of calorific value t1 (C) t2 (C) Australia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands Russia United Kingdom United States of America 15
47、25 25 15 25 0 25 15 25 0 25 25 15 15 15 0 0 15 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 or 20 15 15 NOTE 1 In all countries the reference pressure is 101,325 kPa (= 1,013 25 bar). NOTE 2 t1 is the combustion reference temperature. NOTE 3 t2 is the gas-metering reference temperature. Copyright International Organization for
48、 Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Rock Island Arsenal/9983967100, User=Schabilion, Shelley Not for Resale, 04/10/2007 06:51:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 12213-3:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 23 D.2 Units and conversion factors for pressure and temperature If the input variables p and t are not in the necessary units of bar and C, the