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1、 Reference number ISO 13374-2:2007(E) ISO 2007 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13374-2 First edition 2007-07-15 Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Data processing, communication and presentation Part 2: Data processing Surveillance et diagnostic dtat des machines Traitement, change et prsen
2、tation des donnes Partie 2: Traitement des donnes Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 08/07/2007 00:23:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from I
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6、e address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2007 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from eith
7、er ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reserved Copyright Internationa
8、l Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 08/07/2007 00:23:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13374-2:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents P
9、age Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 CM time-order/time-reference data, normally referenced with UTC and local time zone; data quality indicator (e.g. “bad”, “good”, “unknown”, “under review”, etc.). Examples of digitized data include: floating point values for scal
10、ar data; magnitude and time series for dynamic data; thermal radiation data with digitized image for thermographic data; sample test results for lubricating fluid/air/water sample data. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Emplo
11、yees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 08/07/2007 00:23:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13374-2:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 7 4.3 Data Manipulation (DM) blocks As detailed in Figure 4, the DM block processes the digital data from
12、the DA block to convert it to a desired form which characterizes specific descriptors (features) of interest in the machine condition monitoring and diagnostic process. Often the functionality within this layer consists of some signal processing algorithms. Figure 4 Data Manipulation block This bloc
13、k may contain speciality processing functions such as Fast Fourier Transforms, wavelets or simple average values over a time interval. Examples of the descriptor outputs of the DM block include: extracted feature; conversion from time domain to frequency domain and vice versa; calculated, non-interp
14、retative values; virtual sensor (differential pressure from inlet and outlet pressures); integrating acceleration to velocity/double integration to displacement; filtering; normalization; time series including sample rate. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS unde
15、r license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 08/07/2007 00:23:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13374-2:2007(E) 8 ISO 2007 All rights reserved 4.4 State Detection (SD) blocks As shown in Figure 5, the primary f
16、unction of the SD block (sometimes referred to as “state awareness”) is to compare DM and/or DA outputs against expected baseline profile values or operational limits, in order to generate enumerated state indicators with respective boundary exceedances. The SD block generates indicators which may b
17、e utilized by the Health Assessment block to generate alerts and alarms. When appropriate data are available, the SD block should generate assessments based on operational context, sensitive to the current operational state or operational environment. Figure 5 State Detection block Typically, this b
18、lock of processing provides data which will contribute to a diagnosis in the health assessment block. The SD block may make use of current and historical DA and DM outputs to evaluate the current state. It may provide data manipulation and sensor module control signals, such as acquisition schedulin
19、g commands, data triggers and processing instructions. Examples of outputs of the SD block include: enumerated state indicator; threshold boundary alerts; severity of threshold boundary deviation above/below; rate of change alert; Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by
20、IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 08/07/2007 00:23:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13374-2:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 9 degree of abnormality; statistical analysis using parametri
21、c and non-parametric approaches, e.g. Weibull and Gaussian distribution. 4.5 Health Assessment (HA) blocks As shown in Figure 6, the HA block is an information block which utilizes expertise from a human or automated agent to determine the current health of the equipment and to diagnose existing fau
22、lt conditions. It determines the state of health and potential failures by fusing the outputs of the DA, DM, SD and other HA blocks. Figure 6 Health Assessment block An output of this block includes the component/systems current health grade and diagnosed faults and failures with associated likeliho
23、od probability. A calculation of the current risk priority number (RPN) may also be performed. Modelling of ambiguity groups and multiple hypotheses may be included in the output data structures. The HA block may also output an explanation detailing the evidence for a diagnosis or health grade. Copy
24、right International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 08/07/2007 00:23:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13374-2:2007(E) 10 ISO 2007 All rights re
25、served 4.6 Prognostic Assessment (PA) blocks As shown in Figure 7, the primary function of the PA block is to project the future state of the monitored equipment using a combination of prognostic models and their algorithms, including future operational usage model(s). This block determines the futu
26、re state of health and failure modes by combining the relevant outputs of the DA, DM, SD, HA and other PA blocks and applying a prognostic algorithm or model based on supplied projected operational utilization. To aid the algorithm or model, the HA block may also retrieve account historical failure
27、data and operational history, along with projected failure rates related to operational utilization. The prognostics layer may report health grade at a future time or may estimate the remaining life of an asset given its projected usage profile. Assessments of future health or remaining life may als
28、o have an associated prognosis of the projected fault condition. A calculation of the future risk priority number (RPN) may also be performed. An output of this block includes the component/systems future health grade and future failure events with associated likelihood probability. Modelling of amb
29、iguity groups and multiple hypotheses may be included in the output data structures. The PA block may also output an explanation detailing the evidence for a proposed failure event or health grade. Figure 7 Prognostic Assessment block Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided
30、 by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 08/07/2007 00:23:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13374-2:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 11 4.7 Advisory Generation (AG) blocks As detailed in Fig
31、ure 8, the primary function of the AG block is to integrate information from DA, DM, SD, HA, PA and other AG blocks and external constraints (safety, environmental, budgetary, etc.), and to provide optimized recommended actions and alternatives to applicable personnel or external systems. Recommenda
32、tions may include prioritized operational and maintenance actions and capability forecast assessments or modifying operational profiles to allow mission completion. The decision support module needs to take into account the operational history (including usage and maintenance), current and future mi
33、ssion profiles, high-level unit objectives and resource constraints. Maintenance advisories from this block should detail future maintenance work required, which may include the verification of monitoring data or the performance of additional monitoring. The structure of these advisories should be p
34、ut into a “work request” format for external maintenance work management systems. Based on this request, maintenance work management systems can schedule work in advance and locate spare parts and tools required for these jobs. Operational advisories from this block can be immediate in nature, such
35、as the current notification of operators of alerts and resulting action steps. Other production-related advisories can be more strategic, such as sending a notice to a production planning system about the high risk of failure on a production line due to a soon-to-fail critical piece of equipment. Ca
36、pability forecast assessments from this block provide the results for requests about the likelihood of accomplishing a specific mission or production run. These assessments are critical to production forecasting systems when evaluating whether or not to accept certain missions/orders and where to as
37、sign the work, based on asset optimization principles. Figure 8 Advisory Generation block Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 08/07/2007 00:23:12 MDTNo reproduction or net
38、working permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13374-2:2007(E) 12 ISO 2007 All rights reserved 4.8 Block configuration Each data processing block requires configuration information, some of which may be static data, and other parameters may be changed dynamically by the system during operation
39、. As an example, the following is a sample of the configuration of the Data Acquisition block: a) measurement location description (measurement location table) 1) orientation and relative position, 2) location description; b) monitoring intervals dynamic vs. static 1) on-line continuous, 2) on-line
40、polled, default polling rate, default parameters; c) triggered vs. non-triggered 1) set points, 2) deadband; d) asynchronous vs. synchronous; e) transducer information 1) response curve, 2) measurement confidence, 3) transducer electronic data sheet (TEDS) information; f) calibration; g) channels 1)
41、 single or multiple channel collection. 4.9 External systems Retrieval of previous work histories from the maintenance system and previous operational data (starts/stops/loads) from a process data historian is important in the assessment of machinery health. After a health assessment is made, the ma
42、intenance action to be taken can range from increasing the frequency of inspection, to repair or replacement of the damaged machinery or component. The effect on operations may be an adjustment of operating procedures or a request to shutdown the equipment immediately. This need for rapid communicat
43、ion to maintenance and operational systems requires software interfaces to maintenance management systems and operational control systems. These interfaces are useful in order to communicate recommended actions in the form of maintenance work requests and operational change requests. Copyright Inter
44、national Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 08/07/2007 00:23:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13374-2:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 13 4.10
45、 Data archiving Data archiving is an important feature during all processing of a machine condition monitoring program. Previous data trends can be analysed for statistical relevance. The data archiving system should provide rules for the archiving rate and amount of data stored. Previous advisories
46、 should be audited for accuracy and root cause information added upon its discovery. 4.11 Technical displays Relevant technical displays showing data from each block are necessary to facilitate analysis by qualified personnel. These displays should provide the analyst with the data required to ident
47、ify, confirm or understand an abnormal state. 4.12 Information presentation Information from the HA, PA and AG blocks is displayed by this processing block. It is important that the data be converted to a form that clearly represents the information necessary to make corrective action decisions. In
48、some cases, the user will need the ability to drill down into the SD, DM and DA technical displays when abnormalities are reported. 4.13 Compliant specifications An open CM no interfaces are therefore defined in this part of ISO 13374. The first step was defining an object-oriented data model in Unified Modeling Language (UML) for each layer that was then converted into an abstract