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1、 Reference number ISO 14127:2008(E) ISO 2008 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14127 First edition 2008-03-15 Carbon-fibre-reinforced composites Determination of the resin, fibre and void contents Composites renforcs de fibres de carbone Dtermination des teneurs en rsine, en fibre et en vide Copyright Inte
2、rnational Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:19:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14127:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces.
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4、Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized
5、for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless
6、otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copy
7、right office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing
8、 Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:19:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14127:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Health and safety 2 4 Terms and definitions. 2 5 Principle
9、. 2 6 Conditioning of test sample 3 7 Apparatus and reagents. 3 8 Test specimens. 4 9 Density measurements. 4 10 Procedures 5 11 Calculation and expression of results 7 12 Precision 9 13 Test report . 9 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO L
10、icensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:19:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14127:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standar
11、ds bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organi
12、zations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in
13、 the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 %
14、of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14127 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastic
15、s, Subcommittee SC 13, Composites and reinforcement fibres. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:19:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTE
16、RNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14127:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1 Carbon-fibre-reinforced composites Determination of the resin, fibre and void contents 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods for calculating the resin, fibre and void contents of a carbon- fibre-reinforced composite
17、from the densities of the resin, the fibre and the composite and the mass of fibre in the composite (method A) and for calculating the fibre content from the thickness of the composite (method B). Method A specifies three different resin removal procedures for the determination of the mass of fibre
18、in the composite (viz a combustion procedure, a procedure by digestion in nitric acid and a procedure by digestion in a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide). The selection of the procedure to be used is made by considering the combustibility of the resin used in the composite, its ability
19、 to decompose and the type of resin concerned. It should be noted that method A is only of limited applicability when filled resins are present that could prevent complete dissolution and/or combustibility of the resin. Method B (thickness measurement method) is only applicable to composites moulded
20、 from prepregs of known fibre mass per unit area. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including a
21、ny amendments) applies. ISO 291, Plastics Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing ISO 472, Plastics Vocabulary ISO 1183-1, Plastics Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics Part 1: Immersion method, liquid pyknometer method and titration method ISO 1183-2, Plastics Meth
22、ods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics Part 2: Density gradient column method ISO 1183-3, Plastics Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics Part 3: Gas pyknometer method ISO 5725-1, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 1: Gen
23、eral principles and definitions ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method ISO 5725-3, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and r
24、esults Part 3: Intermediate measures of the precision of a standard measurement method ISO 6353-2, Reagents for chemical analysis Part 2: Specifications First series ISO 10119, Carbon fibre Determination of density Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under licens
25、e with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:19:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14127:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3 Health and safety This International Standard limits itself to describing the determination of the
26、 resin, fibre and void contents of composites reinforced with carbon fibre. The conditions under which the test specimens, apparatus and reagents are handled shall comply with the national regulations in force in each country and the staff shall be informed of the hazards involved and appropriate pr
27、ecautions taken. 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 472 and the following apply. 4.1 fibre content by mass ratio of the mass of fibre in a composite to the total mass of the composite NOTE It is expressed as a percentage. 4.2 fibre conte
28、nt by volume ratio of the volume of fibre in a composite to the total volume of the composite NOTE It is expressed as a percentage. 4.3 void content ratio of the volume of the voids (hollow spaces) in a composite to the total volume of the composite NOTE It is expressed as a percentage. 5 Principle
29、5.1 Method A (resin removal method) 5.1.1 Procedure A1: combustion procedure The mass of a test specimen is determined before and after combustion of the resin in the upper part of the reducing (non-oxygen) flame of a Bunsen burner. NOTE The combustion procedure makes use of the relative ease of dec
30、omposition of resins, compared to carbon fibres, in inert gases. The procedure consists of heating a specimen of composite material with the reducing flame of a Bunsen burner so that only the resin is removed by combustion. However, its application is limited to resins that decompose completely by c
31、ombustion. Therefore, this procedure is not applicable to resins that are not completely combustible, such as epoxy novolac and brominated systems. There are also drawbacks such as the fact that the accuracy of the combustion procedure is slightly inferior to that of the nitric acid digestion proced
32、ure and the sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide digestion procedure. Nonetheless, it is useful as a rapid test procedure which can be carried out safely and simply. Because of the lack of reliability of the combustion procedure, its use shall be as agreed between the purchaser and supplier. 5.1.2 Proced
33、ure A2: nitric acid digestion procedure The mass of a test specimen is determined before and after digestion of the resin with concentrated nitric acid, which does not attack the carbon fibres excessively. NOTE Both the nitric acid digestion procedure and the sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide digestio
34、n procedure make use of the fact that digestion of resins in a hot bath of nitric acid or sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixture is rapid compared Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008
35、 03:19:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14127:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3 to carbon fibres (which resist digestion in such conditions). The procedure consists of soaking the composite in a hot bath of one of these reagents so that only the r
36、esins are removed by digestion. The nitric acid digestion procedure is applicable to all epoxy resins except acid anhydride curing substances. The sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide digestion procedure is applicable to all epoxy resins, phenolic resins and polyamide resins. 5.1.3 Procedure A3: digestio
37、n in a sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixture The mass of a test specimen is determined before and after digestion of the resin with an aqueous mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, provided that the carbon fibres are not attacked. See also the Note to 5.1.2. 5.2 Method B (thickness measu
38、rement method) The thickness of the composite is measured over the entire surface of the composite. Using known values of the mass per unit area and the density of the reinforcement, the fibre content of the composite can be calculated. 6 Conditioning of test sample A quantity of material sufficient
39、 to complete the tests is taken as the test sample and conditioned for a sufficient time to re-establish temperature equilibrium. This conditioning shall be carried out in one of the standard atmospheres specifed in ISO 291. 7 Apparatus and reagents 7.1 General Normal laboratory equipment is require
40、d plus the following specific apparatus: 7.1.1 Desiccator, containing a suitable drying agent (e.g. silica gel). 7.1.2 Analytical balance, accurate to 0,1 mg. 7.1.3 Abrasive paper, with grain size finer than 180 grit. 7.2 Method A 7.2.1 Procedure A1 (combustion procedure) 7.2.1.1 Bunsen burner, comp
41、atible with the gas used. 7.2.1.2 Nichrome wire, about 0,2 mm in diameter. 7.2.2 Procedure A2 (nitric acid digestion procedure) 7.2.2.1 Borosilicate-glass vacuum filter. 7.2.2.2 200 ml conical flask. 7.2.2.3 100 ml measuring cylinder. 7.2.2.4 Water reflux condenser, with a standard taper joint to fi
42、t the conical flask. 7.2.2.5 Air-circulation drying oven, capable of heating up to about 200 C. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:19:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted
43、 without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14127:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reserved 7.2.2.6 Acetone, as specified in ISO 6353-2. 7.2.2.7 Concentrated nitric acid, 62 % by mass. 7.2.3 Procedure A3 (digestion in a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide) 7.2.3.1 Borosilicate-glass vacuum filter. 7
44、.2.3.2 Borosilicate-glass beaker, minimum volume 200 ml. 7.2.3.3 100 ml measuring cylinder. 7.2.3.4 Air-circulation drying oven, capable of heating up to about 200 C. 7.2.3.5 Acetone, as specified in lSO 6353-2. 7.2.3.6 Concentrated sulfuric acid, 96 % by mass. 7.2.3.7 30 % to 35 % hydrogen peroxide
45、 solution. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS When handling nitric acid, sulfuric acid or hydrogen peroxide, care shall be taken to prevent accidents, as follows. Wear rubber gloves, protective goggles, etc., in order to avoid direct contact of these reagents with the human body. If human skin does come into contac
46、t with one of these reagents, appropriate treatment shall be provided immediately. It is also necessary to ventilate the test area and/or room. Boiling 65 % hydrogen peroxide can decompose explosively; do not therefore allow it to concentrate by distillation. Waste chemicals should be kept separate
47、and disposed of in a suitable way. 7.3 Method B (thickness measurement method) 7.3.1 Ball micrometer or equivalent instrument, reading to an accuracy of 0,01 mm, to measure the specimen thickness. 8 Test specimens 8.1 The mass of the test specimens shall be 0,2 g to 0,5 g. They shall be less than 4
48、mm in thickness and shall be 6 mm to 10 mm in length and width. 8.2 The locations from which the test specimens are taken shall be distributed randomly over the sample and be no nearer than 10 mm to any edge. 8.3 The edges of the test specimens shall be ground square and smoothed with abrasive paper. 8.4 At least three test specimens shall be taken unless otherwise specified by the party requesting the test. 9 Density measurements 9.1 Determine the densities of the resin, the composite and the carbon