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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 6043-3.4:2000 ISO 1298
2、5-2:2000 ICS 71.100.10 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Methods of sampling and test for raw materials used in aluminium manufacture Part 3: Electrodes Section 3.4: Determination of the open porosity and bulk density (apparent density) of cathode blocks and preb
3、aked anodes using a hydrostatic method Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:47:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of
4、the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 October 2000 BSI 10-2000 ISBN 0 580 36588 3 BS 6043-3.4:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 12985-2:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK
5、 participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CII/24, Raw materials for the aluminium industry, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposal
6、s for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement internati
7、onal or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all
8、the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title
9、 page, pages ii and iii, a blank page, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:47:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 12985
10、-2:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12985-2 First edition 2000-06-01 Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium Baked anodes and cathode blocks Part 2: Determination of apparent density and of open porosity using a hydrostatic method Produits carbons utiliss pour la production de l
11、aluminium Anodes cuites et blocs cathodiques Partie 2: Dtermination de la masse volumique apparente et de la porosit ouverte par une mthode hydrostatique BS 6043-3.4:2000 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:47:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii? BS 6043-3.4:2000 L
12、icensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:47:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ?iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards i
13、s normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take par
14、t in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the
15、technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 12985 may be the subject of patent
16、 rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 12985-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 47,Chemistry, Subcommittee SC 7,Aluminium oxide, cryolite, aluminium fluoride, sodium fluoride, carbonaceous products for the alumin
17、ium industry. ISO 12985 consists of the following parts, under the general titleCarbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium Baked anodes and cathode blocks: ?Part 1: Determination of apparent density using a dimensions method ?Part 2: Determination of apparent density and of open poro
18、sity using a hydrostatic method BS 6043-3.4:2000 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:47:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-3.4:2000 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:47:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ?1 Carbonaceous mate
19、rials used in the production of aluminium Baked anodes and cathode blocks Part 2: Determination of apparent density and of open porosity using a hydrostatic method 1Scope This part of ISO 12985 specifies a hydrostatic method for the determination of the apparent density and the open (to water) poros
20、ity of carbonaceous products used in the production of aluminium. This hydrostatic method was developed principally to determine the open porosity but can also be used to measure the apparent density. This part of ISO 12985 is especially applicable to samples of complex on irregular geometry (due to
21、 drilling difficulties). 2?Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 12985. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. Howeve
22、r, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 12985 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC mai
23、ntain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 8007-1,Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium Sampling plans and sampling from individual units Part 1: Cathode blocks. ISO 8007-2,Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium Sampling plans and samplin
24、g from individual units Part 2: Prebaked anodes. 3Principle The apparent density of a material is defined as the ratio of its dry mass to its volume. The volume is determined by the measurement of the Archimedes force (the mass of the displaced liquid) applied to the sample saturated with water afte
25、r boiling. The open porosity is simply measured by calculating the ratio of the mass (volume) of water, which has penetrated into the sample after boiling, to the mass (volume) of the displaced water measured with the hydrostatic balance. 4?Reagents 4.1?Distilled water, or water of equivalent purity
26、. BS 6043-3.4:2000 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:47:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2? 5?Apparatus 5.1?Heating plates, to hold a beaker containing the samples for boiling. 5.2?Beaker, having a height 2 to 2,5 times the height of the samples. 5.3?Thermometer,
27、 for measuring room temperature with a range of (10 to 40) C, and capable of measuring to the nearest 0,5 C. 5.4?Hydrostatic balance (one plate), capable of measuring to the nearest 0,1 % of the measured mass, for example ? 0,1 g for a mass of 100 g. 5.5?Drying cabinet, capable of maintaining a temp
28、erature of (110 ? 5) C. 6?Sampling Sample the cathode blocks and baked anodes in accordance with ISO 8007-1 and ISO 8007-2, respectively. Remove any dust or loosely attached pieces which are likely to break off during the test. NOTE 1?To ensure that the sample is mechanically stable during the test,
29、 it should not exceed 100 mm in any dimension. NOTE 2?To ensure that the precision given in clause 9 is achieved, a sample volume of approximately 100 cm3is necessary. 7?Procedure 7.1? Determination of the dry sample mass Dry the test specimen at (110 ? 5) C until constant mass is reached for a mini
30、mum of 2 h or until consecutive weighings at 5 min intervals differ by less than 0,1 %. Cool to room temperature in a desiccator and weigh the mass (m1) of the test specimen to the nearest 0,1 g, if the mass is greater than 100 g, or to the nearest 0,01 g if the mass is 100 g or less. 7.2? Determina
31、tion of the volume Place the sample in the beaker (5.2) and fill it with water until the test specimen is covered by 50 mm of water above the top of the test specimen. Place a glass cover on the beaker. Heat the beaker rapidly and allow the water to boil for 1 h. Refill, if necessary, to replace eva
32、porated water then cool to room temperature (20 ? 2) C. After placing the hydrostatic balance on the water bath, hang the basket on the balance hook by a wire. Immerse the basket completely. Adjust the balance to zero and put the test specimen in the basket. Immerse the test specimen completely and
33、read the mass (m2) on the balance with the same precision as defined in 7.1. Take the test specimen out of the basket and blot it with a moistened sponge and weigh it rapidly (m3). BS 6043-3.4:2000 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:47:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c)
34、 BSI ?3 8?Calculation The apparent density ?a, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre, is given by the formula ?a= m mm 1 32 w ? ? ? (1) and the open porosity accessible by the water?w, expressed as a percentage by mass, is given by the formula ?w= mm mm 31 3 ? ? ? 2 100?(2) where m1is the dry mass
35、, expressed in grams; m2is the immersed mass, expressed in grams; m3is the mass, expressed in grams, after saturation by boiling; ?wis the density of water, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre, at the actual temperature. Report the results to the second decimal place. 9?Precision 9.1?Apparent de
36、nsity 9.1.1?Repeatability The difference between the values of duplicate determinations, carried out in rapid succession by the same operator using the same apparatus on the same test sample, shall not exceed the repeatability limit, r, as follows: r = 0,003 g/cm3 9.1.2?Reproducibility The differenc
37、e between the values of the average of duplicate determinations obtained by two laboratories using this method for the analysis of the same laboratory sample is not expected to exceed the reproducibility limit, R, as follows: R = 0,008 g/cm3 9.2? Open porosity 9.2.1?Repeatability The difference betw
38、een the values of duplicate determinations, carried out in rapid succession by the same operator using the same apparatus on the same test sample, shall not exceed the repeatability limit, r, as follows: r = 0,3 % BS 6043-3.4:2000 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:47:46 GMT+0
39、0:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4? 9.2.2?Reproducibility The difference between the values of the average of duplicate determinations obtained by two laboratories using this method for the analysis of the same laboratory sample is not expected to exceed the reproducibility limit, R, as follows
40、: R = 0,5 % 10 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a)?an identification of the sample; b)?the method used by reference to this part of ISO 12985, i.e. ISO 12985-2:2000; c)?the date of the test, the results and the method of expression used; d)?any unusual features no
41、ted during the determination; e)?any operation not included in this part of ISO 12985 or in the International Standards to which reference is made, or regarded as optional. BS 6043-3.4:2000 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:47:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ?5
42、Bibliography 1?ISO 5725-1,Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 1: General principles and definitions. 2?ISO 5725-2,Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility
43、 of a standard measurement method. 3?ISO 5725-3,Accuracy(truenessandprecision)ofmeasurementmethodsandresults Part 3: Intermediate measures of the precision of a standard measurement method. 4?ISO 5725-4,Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 4: Basic methods for th
44、e determination of the trueness of a standard measurement method. 5?ISO 5725-5,Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 5: Alternative methods for the determination of the precision of a standard measurement method. 6?ISO 5725-6,Accuracy (trueness and precision) of m
45、easurement methods and results Part 6: Use in practice of accuracy values. BS 6043-3.4:2000 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:47:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-3.4:2000 ISO 12985-2:2000 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL | | | | | | | | | | | | |
46、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body r
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