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1、 Reference number ISO 15886-3:2004(E) ISO 2004 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15886-3 First edition 2004-11-01 Agricultural irrigation equipment Sprinklers Part 3: Characterization of distribution and test methods Matriel agricole dirrigation Asperseurs Partie 3: Caractrisation de la distribution et mth
2、odes dessai Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 20:51:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15886-3:2004(E) PDF disclaimer
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5、; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2004 All rights r
6、eserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the req
7、uester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO
8、 Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 20:51:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15886-3:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Forewordiv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1
9、4 Collectors. 5 5 Installation of sprinklers under test 5 6 Measurement. 6 7 Test methods Collector arrangement, spacing and number. 7 8 Additional tests . 7 9 Test operation . 8 10 Test location specifications. 8 11 Characterizing distribution 9 Annex A (informative) Determining sprinkler pattern u
10、niformity 11 Bibliography . 15 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 20:51:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15886-3:2004
11、(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body i
12、nterested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechn
13、ical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by th
14、e technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights
15、. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15886-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, Subcommittee SC 18, Irrigation and drainage equipment and systems. ISO 15886 consists of the following pa
16、rts, under the general title Agricultural irrigation equipment Sprinklers: Part 1: Definition of terms and classification Part 3: Characterization of distribution and test methods Design and operational requirements and test methods for durability are to form the subjects of future parts 2 and 4. Co
17、pyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 20:51:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15886-3:2004(E) ISO 20
18、04 All rights reserved 1 Agricultural irrigation equipment Sprinklers Part 3: Characterization of distribution and test methods IMPORTANT For any given sprinkler, a wide range of nozzle configurations, operating conditions and adjustments generates at least a theoretical need for a correspondingly l
19、arge number of tests. Testing agencies and manufacturers may use interpolation techniques to reduce the number of actual test runs, provided accuracy standards are met. 1 Scope This part of ISO 15886 specifies the conditions and methods used for testing and characterizing the water distribution patt
20、erns of sprinklers intended for agricultural irrigation. It deals both with indoor and outdoor, radial and full grid tests and is organized to deal first with conditions common to all the tests and then with those unique to indoor and outdoor testing, respectively. The term sprinkler is used here in
21、 a broad, generic sense, as defined in ISO 15886-1, with the intent of covering the wide variety of products classified in ISO 15886-1. The specific performance measurements addressed in this part of ISO 15886 include distribution uniformity, wetted radius and water jet trajectory height: it is appl
22、icable to all irrigation sprinkler classifications for which uniformity of application, wetted radius and water jet trajectory height evaluation are required for the design objectives, as defined by the manufacturer. It does not address the specific performance testing required for sprinklers intend
23、ed for frost protection use under freezing conditions, nor does it address the topic of drop spectrum measurement and characterization and the related questions of soil compaction, spray drift, evaporative losses, etc. It is not applicable to moving systems or sprinklers with a radius of throw of le
24、ss than 1,0 m. In order to use this part of ISO 15886 to evaluate irrigation coverage, all sprinklers must be identical and arranged in a fixed repeating geometric pattern. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated ref
25、erences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 15886-1, Agricultural irrigation equipment Sprinklers Part 1: Definition of terms and classification 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this
26、 document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15886-1 and the following apply. 3.1 ambient temperature temperature of the air surrounding a sprinkler test site Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972
27、545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 20:51:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15886-3:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3.2 area of coverage wetted area from a sprinkler operated as specified in the manufacturers literature where water is deposited at
28、rates greater than or equal to the effective application rates 3.3 Christiansens coefficient of uniformity UCC method of characterizing the uniformity of water application of sprinklers from full grid data that utilizes arithmetic deviations NOTE The concept was introduced in 1942 and has been widel
29、y accepted as a measure of how well designs relate, with 80 % considered as the minimum acceptable uniformity coefficient. The coefficient lacks physical significance, however. Full grid data can be developed by actual field testing or computer simulated from distribution curves. See A.2.2. 3.4 clea
30、n water water processed so as to contain suspended particles no larger than 200 mesh equivalent (74 microns) and to contain no dissolved chemicals known to have short-term effects on the sprinkler materials 3.5 collector receptacle used for collecting irrigation water discharged by a sprinkler durin
31、g a water distribution test 3.6 contour graphs method of representing the area of coverage that shows a set of contour curves, each connecting locations in a horizontal plane receiving water at the same application rate NOTE The number of contour lines plotted needs to be large enough to convey a vi
32、sual impression of the physical significance of the data. The concept is useful in constructing area of coverage diagrams. 3.7 densogram method of representing the area of coverage that utilizes the density of dot shading as directly proportional to the relative application rates in the area of cove
33、rage 3.8 distribution curve graph of application rate (ordinate) versus distance (abscissa), measured along a particular section (leg) or line of the area of coverage 3.9 distribution uniformity DU method of characterizing the uniformity of water application of sprinklers from full grid data by a co
34、efficient that utilizes an arbitrary definition of the lower 25 % as the critical area NOTE The concept has had some acceptance in agricultural crops, but continues to suffer from the arbitrary nature of the definition. See A.2.4. 3.10 effective application rate application rate greater than or equa
35、l to 0,26 mm/h for sprinklers with flow rates exceeding 75 L/h and 0,13 mm/h for sprinklers with flow rates equal to or less than 75 L/h 3.11 flow rate volume of water flowing through an irrigation component per unit of time Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS un
36、der license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 20:51:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15886-3:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3 3.12 full grid collector arrays number of collectors located at the int
37、ersection of a two-axis geometric grid pattern determined to give a desired statistical result and represent the area of coverage 3.13 inlet connection nominal pipe size designation for commercial purposes with no specific relationship to actual dimensions except as may be defined by reference to a
38、recognized standard 3.14 irrigation lateral branch supply line in an irrigation system on which water distribution devices such as sprayers, sprinklers and emitters are mounted directly or by means of fittings, risers, or tubes 3.15 maximum working pressure Pmax maximum pressure at which a device wi
39、ll properly function hydraulically and operate mechanically 3.16 minimum working pressure Pmin minimum pressure at which a device will properly function hydraulically and operate mechanically 3.17 nozzle aperture or adjutage of the sprinkler through which the water is discharged NOTE A sprinkler can
40、 contain one or several cylindrical nozzles, or nozzles of other shapes. The term can refer to either a single nozzle or to a combination of nozzles in the case of a multi-nozzle sprinkler. 3.18 nozzle pressure pressure as measured immediately upstream of the nozzle or as inferred by a pitot tube me
41、asurement at the nozzle orifice vena contracta 3.19 nozzle size nominal size designation for commercial purposes with no specific relationship to hydraulic properties NOTE Nozzles are more accurately defined by their hydraulic properties. 3.20 part-circle sprinkler sprinkler with an adjustable featu
42、re that enables it to irrigate any sector of a circular area or the entire circular area 3.21 pop-up sprinkler irrigation sprinkler designed for installation so that the sprinkler nozzle is below ground level when it is not pressurized and above ground level when it is pressurized 3.22 pressure tap
43、precisely fabricated connection for communicating internal conduit pressures to an external pressure-measuring device NOTE Tap construction is shown, for example, in ISO 9644. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Stan
44、dards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 20:51:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15886-3:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3.23 radial collector arrays method number of collectors located only on the radial axis projected from the sprinkler ce
45、ntreline, used to characterize the distribution curves 3.24 radius of throw wetted radius distance measured from a continuously operating sprinkler or sprayer centreline to the most remote point at which the sprinkler or sprayer deposits water at a minimum rate of 0,26 mm/h, for a sprinkler or spray
46、er with a discharge exceeding 75 L/h, or 0,13 mm/h, for a sprinkler or sprayer with a discharge equal to or less than 75 L/h, measured at any arc of coverage, except near the arc extremes for part-circle sprinklers or sprayers 3.25 range of working pressure all pressures between Pmin and Pmax 3.26 s
47、cheduling coefficient SC method of characterizing the uniformity of water application of sprinklers from full grid data by a single coefficient that utilizes a definition of critical dry area NOTE The concept, especially well suited to lawn and turf management, gives a run-time multiplier based on c
48、ritical dry area turf quality management. See A.2.6. 3.27 sprinkler spacing distance between the sprinklers along an irrigation lateral and between consecutive irrigation laterals 3.28 statistical uniformity coefficient UCS method of characterizing the uniformity of water application of sprinklers from full grid data by one coefficient that utilizes standard deviation as a measure of dispersion in statistical theory NOTE Although introduced in 1947, this coefficient fails to enjoy any wide base of acceptance. The