《ISO-13503-5-2006.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《ISO-13503-5-2006.pdf（32页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、 Reference number ISO 13503-5:2006(E) ISO 2006 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13503-5 First edition 2006-07-01 Petroleum and natural gas industries Completion fluids and materials Part 5: Procedures for measuring the long-term conductivity of proppants Industries du ptrole et du gaz naturel Fluides de c
2、ompltion et matriaux Partie 5: Modes opratoires pour mesurer la conductivit long terme des agents de soutnement Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 22:01:36 MDTNo rep
3、roduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13503-5:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are license
4、d to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the
5、software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to
6、it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without perm
7、ission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights rese
8、rved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 22:01:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13503-5:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights re
9、served iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative reference. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Abbreviations 2 5 Procedures for evaluating long-term proppant pack conductivity . 2 5.1 Objective 2 5.2 Discussion. 2 6 Reagents and materials . 3 6.1 Test fluid 3 6.2 Sandstone 3 7
10、 Long-term conductivity test apparatus 3 7.1 Test unit. 3 7.2 Hydraulic load frame 3 7.3 Pack width measurement device(s) 3 7.4 Test fluid drive system. 3 7.5 Differential pressure transducers. 4 7.6 Back-pressure regulators 4 7.7 Balance 4 7.8 Oxygen removal 4 7.9 Temperature control. 4 7.10 Silica
11、 saturation and monitoring. 5 8 Equipment calibration 5 8.1 Pressure indicators and flow rates. 5 8.2 Zero pack width measurement 5 8.3 Determination of cell width 6 8.4 Hydraulic load frame 6 9 Leak tests 6 9.1 Hydraulic load frame 6 9.2 Test fluid system. 6 10 Procedure for loading the cells. 6 10
12、.1 Preparation of the test unit 6 10.2 Cell setup. 7 11 Loading cell(s) in the press . 9 12 Acquiring data. 9 13 Calculation of permeability and conductivity 10 14 Data reporting . 11 Annex A (informative) Conversion factors 12 Annex B (normative) Silica-saturation vessel setup 13 Annex C (informati
13、ve) Figures 15 Bibliography. 24 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 22:01:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13503-5:200
14、6(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body
15、interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotech
16、nical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by t
17、he technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent right
18、s. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13503-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials. equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 3, Drilling and completion fluids, and
19、well cements. ISO 13503 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries Completion fluids and materials: Part 1: Measurement of viscous properties of completion fluids Part 2: Measurement of properties of proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel
20、-packing operations Part 3: Testing of heavy brines Part 4: Procedure for measuring stimulation and gravelpack fluid leakoff under static conditions Part 5: Procedures for measuring the long-term conductivity of proppants Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under
21、 license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 22:01:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13503-5:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved v Introduction This part of ISO 13503 is largely based on API RP 611. Inform
22、ative references are also included in the Biblography, References 2 to 15. The tests and test apparatus herein have been developed to establish standard procedures and conditions for use in evaluating the long-term conductivity of various hydraulic fracture proppant materials under laboratory condit
23、ions. This procedure enables users to compare the conductivity characteristics under the specifically described test conditions. The test results can aid users in comparing proppant materials for use in hydraulic fracturing operations. The procedures presented in this publication are not intended to
24、 inhibit the development of new technology, materials improvements, or improved operational procedures. Qualified engineering analysis and sound judgment is required for their application to fit a specific situation. This part of ISO 13503 may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has be
25、en made by ISO and API to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in it. However, ISO and API make no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this part of ISO 13503, and hereby expressly disclaim any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from it
26、s use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this part of ISO may conflict. In this part of ISO 13503, where practical, U.S. customary units are included in parentheses for information. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS u
27、nder license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 22:01:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical S
28、tandards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 22:01:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13503-5:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1 Petroleum and natural gas industries Completion fluids and materials Part 5: Procedures for me
29、asuring the long-term conductivity of proppants CAUTION The testing procedures in this part of ISO 13503 are not designed to provide absolute values of proppant conductivity under downhole reservoir conditions. Long-term test data have shown that time, elevated temperatures, fracturing fluid residue
30、s, cyclic stress loading, embedment, formation fines and other factors further reduce fracture proppant pack conductivity. Also, this reference test is designed to measure only the frictional energy losses corresponding to laminar flow within a pack. It is recognized that fluid velocity within an ac
31、tual fracture can be significantly higher than in these laboratory tests, and can be dominated by inertial effects. 1 Scope This part of ISO 13503 provides standard testing procedures for evaluating proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations. NOTE The “proppants” mentioned
32、henceforth in this part of ISO 13503 refer to sand, ceramic media, resin-coated proppants, gravel packing media, and other materials used for hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations. The objective of this part of ISO 13503 is to provide consistent methodology for testing performed on hydr
33、aulic-fracturing and/or gravel-packing proppants. It is not intended for use in obtaining absolute values of proppant pack conductivities under downhole reservoir conditions. 2 Normative reference The following referenced document is indispensable for the application of this document. For dated refe
34、rences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced standard (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3506-1, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless-steel fasteners Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 conductivit
35、y width of the fracture multiplied by the permeability of the proppant pack 3.2 laminar flow type of streamlined flow for single-phase fluids in which the fluid moves in parallel layers, or laminae, such that the layers flow smoothly over each other with instabilities being dampened by the viscosity
36、 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 22:01:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13503-5:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights rese
37、rved 3.3 Ohio sandstone fine-grained sandstone found in the United States from the Scioto Formation in southern Ohio 3.4 permeability a measure of the ability of media to transmit fluid through pore spaces 4 Abbreviations API American Petroleum Institute ASTM American Society for Testing and Materia
38、ls RTV Room temperature vulcanizing ANSI American National Standards Institute PID Proportional-integral device 5 Procedures for evaluating long-term proppant pack conductivity 5.1 Objective The objective is to establish a standard test procedure, using a standard apparatus, under standard test cond
39、itions to evaluate the long-term conductivity of proppants under laboratory conditions. This procedure is used to evaluate the conductivity of proppants under laboratory conditions but is not intended for use in obtaining absolute values of proppant pack conductivities under downhole reservoir condi
40、tions. The effects of fines, formation hardness, resident fluids, time, and/or other factors are beyond the scope of this procedure. 5.2 Discussion In this part of ISO 13503 procedure, a closure stress is applied across a test unit for 50 h 2 h to allow the proppant sample bed to reach a semi-steady
41、 state condition. As the fluid is forced through the proppant bed, the proppant pack width, differential pressure, temperature and flow rates are measured at each stress level. Proppant pack permeability and conductivity are calculated. Multiple flow rates are used to verify the performance of the t
42、ransducers, and to determine darcy flow regime at each stress; an average of the data at these flow rates is reported. A minimum pressure drop of 0,01 kPa (0,002 0 psi) is recommended; otherwise, flow rates shall be increased. At stipulated flow rates and temperature conditions, no appreciable non-d
43、arcy flow or inertial effects are encountered. After completing the rates at a closure stress level in all cells, the closure stress is increased to a new level; 50 h 2 h is allowed for the proppant bed to reach a semi-steady state condition, and multiple flow rates in all cells are introduced to ga
44、ther data required to determine proppant pack conductivity at this stress level. The procedure is repeated until all desired closure stresses and flow rates have been evaluated. To achieve accurate conductivity measurements, it is essential that single-phase flow occurs. Test condition parameters, s
45、uch as test fluid, temperature, loading, sandstone and time, at each stress shall be reported along with long-term conductivity and permeability data. Other conditions can be used to evaluate different characteristics of proppants and, therefore, can be expected to produce differing results. Copyrig
46、ht International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 22:01:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13503-5:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3 6 R
47、eagents and materials 6.1 Test fluid The test fluid is 2 % by mass potassium chloride (KCl) in a deionized or distilled-water solution filtered to at least 7 m. The potassium chloride shall be at least 99,0 % by mass pure. 6.2 Sandstone Ohio sandstone cores should have dimensions of 17,70 cm to 17,7
48、8 cm (6,96 in to 7,00 in) in length, 3,71 cm to 3,81 cm (1,46 in to 1,50 in) wide, and a minimum of 0,9 cm (0,35 in) thick. The ends of the sandstone cores shall be rounded to fit into the test unit (see 7.1). Parallel thickness shall be maintained within 0,008 cm ( 0,003 in). 7 Long-term conductivity test apparatus 7.1 Test unit The test unit shall be a linear flow design with a 64,5 cm2 (10 in2) proppant and bed area. Figure C.1 illustrates the details