《ISO-17071-2006.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《ISO-17071-2006.pdf（18页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、 Reference number ISO 17071:2006(E) IULTCS/IUP 46:2006(E) ISO 2006 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17071 IULTCS/IUP 46 First edition 2006-09-15 Leather Physical and mechanical tests Determination of fogging characteristics Cuir Essais physiques et mcaniques Dtermination des caractristiques de condensatio
2、n -,-,- ISO 17071:2006(E) IULTCS/IUP 46:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer pe
3、rforming the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this
4、 PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Centra
5、l Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at
6、the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reserved ISO 17071:2006(E) IULTCS/IUP 46:
7、2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Method A Reflectometric method. 1 3.1 Principle. 1 3.2 Apparatus 2 3.3 Sampling and sample preparation 4 3.4 Cleaning. 4 3.5 Procedure 5 3.6 Reference test. 5 3.7 Expression of results . 6 4 Me
8、thod B Gravimetric method 6 4.1 Principle. 6 4.2 Apparatus 6 4.3 Sampling and sample preparation 8 4.4 Cleaning. 8 4.5 Procedure 8 4.6 Reference test. 9 4.7 Expression of results . 9 5 Test report . 10 Annex A (informative) Interlaboratory comparison of Method A (reflectometric) and Method B (gravim
9、etric) 11 Annex B (informative) Source of apparatus 13 -,-,- ISO 17071:2006(E) IULTCS/IUP 46:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Int
10、ernational Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison w
11、ith ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of techni
12、cal committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn
13、to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 17071 was prepared by the Physical Test Commission of the International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists
14、Societies (IUP Commission, IULTCS) in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 289, Leather, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. It was published as EN 14288. It is based on DIN 75201 of Deutsches Institut fr Normung and on IUP 46 published
15、in J. Soc. Leather Tech. Chem., 86 (7), p. 349, 2002, and declared an official method of the IULTCS in May 2003. IULTCS, originally formed in 1897, is a world-wide organization of professional leather societies to further the advancement of leather science and technology. IULTCS has three Commission
16、s, which are responsible for establishing international methods for the sampling and testing of leather. ISO recognizes IULTCS as an international standardizing body for the preparation of test methods for leather. -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17071:2006(E) IULTCS/IUP 46:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rig
17、hts reserved 1 Leather Physical and mechanical tests Determination of fogging characteristics 1 Scope This International Standard specifies two alternative methods for determining the fogging characteristics of leathers used in the passenger compartments of motor vehicles, namely Method A and Method
18、 B. These are two different test procedures to measure the volatile components and there is no mathematical correlation between the results obtained with Method A and those with Method B. Method A determines by reflection the light scattering properties (or opaqueness) and the nature of the film or
19、droplet formation from volatile components condensed on a cold glass surface. Method B measures gravimetrically the quantity of volatile components condensed on a cold aluminium foil surface. Annex A gives the results of inter-laboratory trial which show that Method B performs well, whereas Method A
20、 showed a large variation in the percentage reflection. The test conditions allow the two tests to be carried out in succession. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
21、 undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2418, Leather Chemical, physical and mechanical and fastness tests Sampling location ISO 2419, Leather Physical and mechanical tests Sample preparation and conditioning ISO 3696, Water for anal
22、ytical laboratory use Specification and test methods 3 Method A Reflectometric method 3.1 Principle A test piece is heated in a glass beaker, any volatile ingredients are condensed onto a cooled glass plate and the reflectometric value of the glass plate with condensed fog is expressed as a percenta
23、ge of the reflectometric value of the same plate without fogging condensate. The measurement by light reflection depends on the nature of the film/droplet formation and needs careful interpretation. An example is that a thick but clear film can give a good test result when, in actual fact, it is a b
24、ad result in terms of volatiles. The test should be stopped if a transparent oily film is formed on the glass. The reflection measurement result is only valid when an even opaque film (like a fogged windscreen) formed by small droplets is present. (See Annex A.) -,-,- ISO 17071:2006(E) IULTCS/IUP 46
25、:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3.2 Apparatus 3.2.1 Beaker, plane bottomed, of heat-resistant glass, with a flat ground rim at the top without a pouring spout, with an outside diameter of 90 mm 2 mm, height 190 mm 2 mm. (See Figure 1.) A beaker with a minimum mass of 450 g is needed to preve
26、nt floating in the thermostatic bath (3.2.2). Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 ground rim Figure 1 Beaker 3.2.2 Thermostatic bath, capable of operating at a uniform temperature of 100 C 1 C and of holding at least three beakers (3.2.1). The dimensions of the bath shall be such that the minimum distan
27、ce between the beakers and the sides of the bath is 30 mm and the minimum distance between the base of the beaker and the base of the bath is 75 mm. 3.2.3 Thermal-transfer fluid, stable at 100 C. NOTE Water-soluble materials, such as a modified polyvalent dialiphatic alcohols, are preferred since th
28、ey are water soluble and present fewer problems in cleaning. -,-,- ISO 17071:2006(E) IULTCS/IUP 46:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3 3.2.4 Cooling system, with water at 21 C 1 C circulating through the complete interior of a corrosion- resistant metal plate. The surface used for cooling shall b
29、e flat and made from aluminium. The mass of the cooling plate shall be sufficient to suppress the buoyancy of the beaker in the thermostatic bath. NOTE The mass of the cooling plate filled with water will normally be in excess of 1 kg. 3.2.5 Metal rings, external diameter 80 mm 1 mm, internal diamet
30、er 74 mm 1 mm, height 10 mm 1 mm and mass 55 g 1 g made from corrosion-protected steel. 3.2.6 Sealing rings, of silicone-rubber or fluororubber, inner diameter 95 mm 1 mm, thickness 4,0 mm 0,1 mm and hardness 65 IRHD 5 IRHD 1). 3.2.7 Reflectometer, with a 60 incident beam and a 60 measuring beam. 3.
31、2.8 Clock, reading to 1 min. 3.2.9 Desiccator, containing phosphorus pentoxide. CAUTION This product is corrosive and care should be taken in handling. 3.2.10 Float glass plates, of residential or windshield quality, thickness 3,0 mm 0,2 mm and minimum dimensions 110 mm 110 mm, with a mark engraved
32、on the upper surface. The plates shall be used a maximum of 10 times. 3.2.11 Spacer mount, with circular hole made of any suitable material of thickness 0,10 mm 0,02 mm, marked to allow positioning of the reflectometer to give four readings 25 mm 5 mm from the centre of the plate. NOTE The spacer mo
33、unt prevents contact between the condensate and the reflectometer. The actual size and geometry will depend on the dimensions of the reflectometer. 3.2.12 Matt black surface, minimum dimensions 200 mm 200 mm. 3.2.13 Di-isodecyl phthalate, DIDP, analytical reagent grade or equivalent. 3.2.14 Dishwash
34、er. 3.2.15 Glass cleaning detergent. 3.2.16 Distilled or deionized water, conforming to the requirements of grade 3 of ISO 3696. 3.2.17 Ethyl acetate. 3.2.18 Acetone. 3.2.19 Cotton wool, degreased with ethyl acetate. 3.2.20 Test ink, 1,0 g fuschine dissolved in a mixture of 27,1 ml methanol (analyti
35、cal reagent grade or equivalent) and 72,9 ml distilled or deionized water. NOTE This solution has a surface tension of 46 mN/m. 3.2.21 Brush, diameter about 8 mm. 1) IRHD = International Rubber Hardness Degrees. -,-,- ISO 17071:2006(E) IULTCS/IUP 46:2006(E) 4 ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3.2.22 Pres
36、s knife, the inner wall of which is a right angled circular cylinder of diameter 80 mm 1 mm conforming to ISO 2419. 3.2.23 Polyethylene gloves, or tweezers or forceps. 3.2.24 Filter paper, qualitative type with nominal diameter 125 mm. 3.3 Sampling and sample preparation 3.3.1 Sample in accordance w
37、ith ISO 2418. Cut four test pieces by applying the press knife (3.2.22) to the grain surface. Use two test pieces for two test sequences. If the agreement between the first two test pieces is satisfactory, the other two test pieces do not need to be tested. NOTE If there is a requirement for more th
38、an two hides or skins to be tested in one batch, then only one sample need be taken from each hide or skin, provided that the overall total is not less than four test pieces. 3.3.2 Dry test pieces by storing in a desiccator (3.2.9) over phosphorus pentoxide for a minimum of two days. If the test pie
39、ce fails, then dry the test piece for seven days for the repeat test. Wet leather test pieces need to be air dried before being put in the desiccator for conditioning. NOTE Other desiccants, e.g. reusable silica gel, may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results. 3.4 Cleaning 3.4.1 Wa
40、sh beakers (3.2.1), metal rings (3.2.5) and sealing rings (3.2.6) twice manually or in a dishwasher using an appropriate glass cleaning detergent. Rinse with distilled or deionized water at room temperature and dry in an upright position. 3.4.2 Clean float glass plates (3.2.10) either in a dishwashe
41、r (3.4.2.1) or manually (3.4.2.2). 3.4.2.1 Wash the plates in a dishwasher at 80 C 5 C using an appropriate glass cleaning detergent, rinse with distilled or deionized water at room temperature and dry in an upright position. 3.4.2.2 Wash the plates manually using ethyl acetate and cotton wool then
42、rinse the plates with acetone, soaking the plates in acetone for a minimum of 30 min. Dry the plates in an upright position. 3.4.3 Inspect the glass plates and reject any that are scratched. 3.4.4 Using the brush (3.2.21), apply a thin line of test ink (3.2.20) to an area of the glass plate where th
43、ere will be no condensation. Observe the line of ink. If the edges contract within 2 s, repeat the cleaning procedure in 3.4.2.1 or 3.4.2.2. If the edges of the ink line contract after repeated cleaning, discard the glass plate. NOTE If the fluid film contracts, then the adhesion tension of the glas
44、s is less than the surface tension of the test ink. 3.4.5 After cleaning, handle beakers only on the outer surface. Handle other cleaned apparatus with tongs or gloves (3.2.23). 3.4.6 Store cleaned apparatus in a dust-free environment at room temperature. -,-,- ISO 17071:2006(E) IULTCS/IUP 46:2006(E
45、) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 5 3.5 Procedure IMPORTANT Test pieces, cleaned surfaces and everything that goes into the beaker shall not be touched with bare hands. Wear polyethylene gloves, or use tweezers or forceps (3.2.23). 3.5.1 Pour sufficient thermal transfer fluid (3.2.3) into the thermosta
46、tic bath (3.2.2) so that the distance between the level of the fluid and the rim of the beaker is 57 mm 3 mm. 3.5.2 Switch on the bath and allow the fluid to equilibrate at 100 C 1 C. 3.5.3 Calibrate the reflectometer (3.2.7) according to the manufacturers instructions. 3.5.4 Place the cleaned glass
47、 plate on the matt black surface (3.2.12). Place the spacer mount (3.2.11) on the glass plate. Position the reflectometer on the spacer mount with the edge of the reflectometer against the marking on this spacer mount. Record the reflectometric value. 3.5.5 Rotate the reflectometer through 90 and po
48、sition against the second set of marks. Record the reflectometric value. 3.5.6 Repeat 3.5.5 twice to give a total of four reflectometric values. Determine the mean of the four values. 3.5.7 Place a test piece in a cleaned beaker (3.2.1) with the side facing the motor vehicle interior uppermost. Place a metal ring (3.2.5) over the test piece to prevent it distorting during the test. 3.5.8 Place a sealing ring (3.2.6), glass plate and filter paper (3.2.24)