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1、 Reference number ISO 20282-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20282-1 First edition 2006-10-15 Ease of operation of everyday products Part 1: Design requirements for context of use and user characteristics Facilit demploi des produits quotidiens Partie 1: Exigences de conception pour le
2、contexte dutilisation et pour les caractristiques de lutilisateur Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 20:45:07 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without lice
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6、riat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the addre
7、ss below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for
8、Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 20:45:07 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 20282-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduct
9、ion v 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformity. 2 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Ease of operation 5 5 Requirements for review and documentation . 6 5.1 Review stages. 6 5.2 Suggested process. 8 5.3 Documentation 10 6 Context of use. 11 6.1 Main goal(s). 11 6.2 Factors relating to other equipment. 11 6.3 Physical env
10、ironmental factors. 11 6.4 Social environmental factors. 11 7 User characteristics 12 7.1 General. 12 7.2 Psychological and social characteristics. 13 7.3 Physical and sensory characteristics. 15 7.4 Demographics. 17 Annex A (informative) User characteristics Further information 18 Annex B (informat
11、ive) Ease of operation as instantiation of usability as defined in ISO 9241-11. 23 Bibliography. 24 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 20:45:07 MDTNo reproduction or
12、 networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 20282-1:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is norm
13、ally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in t
14、he work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare
15、 International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some
16、 of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 20282-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 1, Ergonomic guiding principles. ISO 20282 consists of the f
17、ollowing parts, under the general title Ease of operation of everyday products: Part 1: Design requirements for context of use and user characteristics Part 2: Test method Technical Specification The following parts are under preparation: Part 3: Test methods for consumer products Publicly Available
18、 Specification Part 4: Test methods for the installation of consumer products Publicly Available Specification Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 20:45:07 MDTNo repr
19、oduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 20282-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved v Introduction An increasing number of everyday products include computer technology, making them more complex. Users need to understand how to operate products in order to benefit from t
20、he functionality they offer, so usability is a key factor in determining a products success. As product complexity increases, the challenge for the user in understanding how to use the various functions of the product also increases, and for the producer it can be harder to design sufficiently usabl
21、e products. Products with low usability often require the assistance of other people in order to be used, and this can result in frustrated users as well as in extra costs for the producer and vendor. Many companies have realized the importance of the usability of their products and employ usability
22、 specialists in usability laboratories. Many test organisations include usability in their evaluation procedures. ISO 20282 is based on ISO 9241-11, which provides guidance on the specification and measurement of usability in general. ISO 20282 applies ISO 9241-11 to the user interfaces of everyday
23、products. The focus on everyday products reflects the fact that many of the products we see around us on a regular basis still suffer from fundamental usability problems. The focus on user interfaces reflects the situation that while there are many factors that may have important effects on usabilit
24、y, all interactive products will have a user interface whose quality can have significant positive or negative effects that facilitate or hamper the usage of the product. Everyday products include consumer products and walk-up-and-use products. For everyday products it is particularly critical to en
25、sure that the interface enables the user to achieve their main goal(s). The focus on the main goal(s) reflects the outcomes that all users, or a large majority of them, wish to achieve, e.g. to use a telephone to make or receive a phone call, to use a ticket machine to buy a train ticket, or to use
26、a television set to watch a television programme. The term “ease of operation” refers to this subset of the concept of usability and the specific measures used to support users in achieving their main goal(s). Everyday products are designed for an intended user population, which in general ought to
27、be assumed to include people with a wide range of user characteristics. This part of ISO 20282 describes the user characteristics to be accounted for in the design of an everyday product. In recognizing that the population of older persons of the world is increasing, it takes into account the needs
28、of those users1). ISO 9241-11 states that usability is concerned with the extent to which the users of products are able to use them effectively, efficiently, and with satisfaction. As tasks performed with everyday products are generally fast and of low complexity, the most important usability measu
29、re is effectiveness. 1) Developments in the field of accessibility have resulted in the creation and use of a wide variety of terms and definitions, related to older persons and disability, which differ throughout the world. For example, some people prefer to use the term “people with disabilities”
30、and others prefer “disabled people”. Overall, terms have evolved to become more precise and descriptive, rather than negative or stigmatizing. As no universal practice exists, the terms used in this part of ISO 20282 reflect the language generally used by international agencies such as the United Na
31、tions Organization and the World Health Organization. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 20:45:07 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
32、 -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 20:45:07 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20282-1:2006(
33、E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1 Ease of operation of everyday products Part 1: Design requirements for context of use and user characteristics 1 Scope This part of ISO 20282 provides requirements and recommendations for the design of easy-to-operate everyday products, where ease of operation addre
34、sses a subset of the concept of usability concerned with the user interface by taking account of the relevant user characteristics and the context of use. This part of ISO 20282 is intended to be used in the development of everyday products, for which it defines ease of operation, explains which asp
35、ects of the context of use are relevant, and describes the characteristics of the intended user population that may influence usability. The intended users of this part of ISO 20282 are usability specialists, ergonomists, product designers, interaction designers, product manufacturers and others inv
36、olved in the design and development of everyday products. This part of ISO 20282 is applicable to mechanical and/or electrical products with an interface that a user can operate directly or remotely to gain access to the functions provided. These products fall into at least one of the following cate
37、gories: a) consumer products intended for some or all of the general public which are bought, rented or used, and which may be owned by individuals, public organizations, or private companies; b) consumer products intended to be acquired and used by an individual for personal rather than professiona
38、l use (e.g. alarm clocks, electric kettles, telephones, electric drills); c) walk-up-and-use products that provide a service to the general public (such as ticket-vending machines, photocopying machines, fitness equipment); d) products used in a work environment, but not as part of professional acti
39、vities (e.g. a coffee machine in an office); e) products including software that supports the main goals of use of the product (e.g. a CD player). This part of ISO 20282 is not applicable to the following: f) purely physical products without an interactive user interface (such as a jug or a hammer);
40、 g) products where appearance or fashion is the main goal (such as a watch with no markings); h) products requiring specialist training, specific skills and/or professional knowledge (such as a musical instrument or a car); i) standalone software products; j) products intended to be used for profess
41、ional activities only. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 20:45:07 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 20282-1:2006(E) 2 IS
42、O 2006 All rights reserved NOTE 1 Some products include elements within the scope of this part of ISO 20282 and at the same time those that are not. For example, tasks relating to the use of a public internet access terminal such as switching that terminal on and off are within the scope of this par
43、t of ISO 20282, whereas tasks relating to the general use of the internet from the terminal are not. NOTE 2 This part of ISO 20282 can be used in conjunction with ISO 13407, which describes how to take account of wider aspects of usability within a human-centred design process. NOTE 3 Some of the gu
44、idance of this part of ISO 20282 could be applicable to other types of systems in everyday use. 2 Conformity In order to develop an everyday product that is easy to operate, the context of use and the user characteristics shall be analysed and documented in accordance with Clause 6, and the design o
45、f an everyday product shall take account of the range of each characteristic that has been determined as being relevant. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 actual users group(s) of people who directly interact with a product NOTE
46、 Before a product is released, this relates to the intended user group; after release, it relates to what is known about the actual user group. 3.2 consumer product product that is intended to be acquired and used by an individual for personal rather than professional use 3.3 context of use users, t
47、asks, equipment (hardware, software and materials) and physical and social environments in which a product is used ISO 9241-11:1998, definition 3.5 3.4 ease of operation usability of the user interface of an everyday product when used by the intended users to achieve the main goal(s) supported by th
48、e product NOTE 1 Ease of operation is a specific subset of usability as defined in ISO 9241-11 (see 3.18), which in this case is applied to the operation of everyday products. Ease of operation assumes that the functionality of the product other than the user interface operates correctly. NOTE 2 Ease of operation is measured as effectiveness of operation, optionally including efficiency of operation and satisfaction with operation. 3.5 effectiveness accuracy and completeness with which users achieve specified goals