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1、 Reference number ISO 14397-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14397-2 First edition 2002-03-15 Earth-moving machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders Part 2: Test method for measuring breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height Engins de terrassement Chargeuses et chargeuses-pel
2、leteuses Partie 2: Mthode dessai pour mesurer les forces darrachement et la capacit de levage la hauteur de levage maximale Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 08:21:
3、03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14397-2:2002(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded
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6、relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2002 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm,
7、without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2002 All rig
8、hts reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 08:21:03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14397-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 All r
9、ights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a su
10、bject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (
11、IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical commi
12、ttees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 14397 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO sh
13、all not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14397-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee SC 1, Test methods relating to machine performance. ISO 14397 consists of the following parts, under the general title Earth-mov
14、ing machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders: Part 1: Calculation of rated operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load Part 2: Test method for measuring breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provide
15、d by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 08:21:03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA T
16、echnical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 08:21:03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14397-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1 Earth-moving machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders Part 2: Test method for measuring
17、 breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height 1 Scope This part of ISO 14397 specifies a test method for measuring the breakout forces and the lift capacities to maximum lift height of wheel and crawler loaders and the loader portion of backhoe loaders, as these machine types are defined
18、 in ISO 6165. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 14397. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties
19、to agreements based on this part of ISO 14397 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain regis
20、ters of currently valid International Standards. ISO 6016:1998, Earth-moving machinery Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment and components ISO 6165:2001, Earth-moving machinery Basic types Vocabulary ISO 6746-1:1987, Earth-moving machinery Definitions of dimensions and
21、symbols Part 1: Base machine ISO 7546:1983, Earth-moving machinery Loader and front loading excavator buckets Volumetric ratings ISO 9248:1992, Earth-moving machinery Units for dimensions, performance and capacities, and their measurement accuracies ISO 14397-1, Earth-moving machinery Loaders and ba
22、ckhoe loaders Part 1: Calculation of rated operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load 3 Terms, definitions and symbols For the purposes of this part of ISO 14397, the terms, definitions and symbols given in ISO 6165, ISO 6746-1 and ISO 14397-1, and the following terms a
23、nd definitions apply. 3.1 breakout force maximum sustained upward vertical force, in newtons, generated at a point 100 mm behind the lip of the bucket of a loader by a lift or tilt cylinder, with the bottom of the buckets cutting edge parallel to, and not more than 20 mm Copyright International Orga
24、nization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 08:21:03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14397-2:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 All rights reserved above, ground reference
25、point (GRP); it is measured 100 mm behind the foremost point of the cutting edge for loaders having buckets with an irregular (pointed, curved, etc.) cutting-edge shape NOTE See Figures 1 and 2. 3.2 hydraulic circuit working pressure pressure applied to the specific hydraulic lifting circuit by the
26、hydraulic pump(s) 3.3 hydraulic circuit holding pressure maximum static pressure in a specific circuit limited by a relief valve at a flow not exceeding 10 % of the rated circuit flow 3.4 hydraulic limiting condition condition in which the breakout force or lift capacity is limited by the hydraulic
27、circuit working or holding pressure 4 Apparatus 4.1 Load cell or force transducer, appropriate to the magnitude of the tool force to be measured and having an accuracy in conformance with ISO 9248. 4.2 Hydraulic oil pressure gauge or transducer, appropriate to the magnitude of the tool force to be m
28、easured and having an accuracy in conformance with ISO 9248. 5 Test conditions 5.1 Test site The test site shall consist of a hard, substantially level surface, preferably of concrete, which shall have anchor points and sufficient space for a scale or load-measuring device. 5.2 Preparation 5.2.1 Gen
29、eral The loader under test shall be clean and generally equipped in accordance with ISO 6016. It shall be of a standard configuration as specified by the manufacturer. During testing, the loaders transmission shall be in neutral and its brakes released. Backhoe loaders shall have their loader portio
30、n in the standard configuration and their backhoe in the transport position, as specified by the manufacturer. 5.2.2 Specific conditions If breakout force and lift capacity are determined under specific conditions such as with additional counterweight, ripper, backhoe, or tyre ballast, then these co
31、nditions shall be specified in the operators manual and in advertizing literature, with the stable operating conditions specified in ISO 14397-1 clearly described. 5.2.3 Bucket The bucket shall be empty and in the positions, as applicable, shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3. Copyright International Organiz
32、ation for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 08:21:03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14397-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 3 5.2.4 Test equipment Typica
33、l arrangements of the test equipment, which shall be positioned on the test site, are shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3. Safety chains shall be fitted to prevent the machine from overturning during tests where tipping limits will be reached or exceeded. These chains shall be loose enough to allow the mach
34、ine to reach a tipping limit condition while at the same time preventing it from overturning. 6 Test method 6.1 General The breakout force and lift capacities shall be measured in accordance with the general requirements of 6.2 and, as applicable, in accordance with the specific requirements of 6.3
35、and 6.4 and according to Figures 1, 2 or 3. The tests shall be conducted with the machine running in accordance with the manufacturers operating instructions and all safety rules. 6.2 Test procedure 6.2.1 With the drive system in neutral and the brakes released, position the loader on the test area
36、with its bucket empty and suitably attached to the load cell as shown in Figure 1, 2 or 3. 6.2.2 With the engine running at the manufacturers recommended speed, operate the cylinder or cylinders independently, and record the breakout forces and lift capacities. 6.2.3 Note and record the limiting con
37、ditions for each test in the test report. In the case of hydraulic limiting conditions, the hydraulic circuit in which the holding pressure was exceeded shall be noted. If the tipping limit condition (see ISO 14397-1) is reached in a circuit, the force obtained with that hydraulic circuit is the bre
38、akout force or lift capacity. 6.2.4 Conduct each test three times and note the maximum values for each test. Record an arithmetic mean of these three values in the test report. 6.3 Breakout force For testing the breakout force exerted by lift cylinders (see Figure 1) and that exerted by tilt cylinde
39、rs (see Figure 2), the cable or linkage shall be attached 100 mm behind the bucket lip in vertical alignment with the load cell. For tilt cylinders, in order to prevent linkage movement, the bucket shall be supported by a steel block beneath the bucket pivot (see Figure 2). 6.4 Lift capacity to maxi
40、mum height 6.4.1 Operating the lift cylinder or cylinders at working pressure, apply a reactive force by means of a wire rope or other device acting vertically through the bucket centroid to the load cell. 6.4.2 Tilt back the bucket and measure the force taken with the lift cylinder or cylinders ext
41、ended to within 10 mm of full stroke (see Figure 3). Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 08:21:03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
42、-,-,- ISO 14397-2:2002(E) 4 ISO 2002 All rights reserved Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 Lift cylinder(s) 2 Loose safety chain 3 Support at axle centreline 4 Load cell 5 Pulley 6 GRP Figure 1 Typical test arrangement Breakout force Lift cylinders Copyright International Organization for Standardizat
43、ion Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 08:21:03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14397-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 5 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 Tilt cylinder(s)
44、2 Support at pivot centreline 3 Load cell 4 Pulley 5 GRP Figure 2 Typical test arrangement Breakout force Tilt cylinders Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 08:21:03
45、MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14397-2:2002(E) 6 ISO 2002 All rights reserved Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 Centre of gravity of load (positioned through centroid of rated bucket volume) 2 Loose safety chain 3 Load cell 4 Lift cylinder(s) 5 GRP Figure
46、 3 Typical test arrangement Lift capacity to maximum height 7 Test report 7.1 General The following information shall be reported for all machines: a) manufacturer; b) model; c) type; d) test machine product identification number; e) operating mass of machine as tested, in kilograms; f) working or h
47、olding hydraulic circuit pressure setting(s), in kilopascals; g) type of undercarriage (crawler or wheeled machine). Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 08:21:03 MDTN
48、o reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14397-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 7 7.2 Crawler machines Additionally, for crawler machines only, the following information shall be reported: a) type of track shoe; b) maximum width (over tracks) W1, in metres; c) track gauge W2, in metres; d) track shoe