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1、 Reference number ISO 17572-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17572-1 First edition 2008-12-15 Intelligent transport systems (ITS) Location referencing for geographic databases Part 1 General requirements and conceptual model Systmes intelligents de transport (SIT) Localisation pour base
2、s de donnes gographiques Partie 1: Exigences gnrales et modle conceptuel Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 01:32:35 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from I
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6、e address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from eith
7、er ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reserved Copyright Internationa
8、l Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 01:32:35 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 17572-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introdu
9、ction.v 1 Scope1 2 Terms and definitions.2 2.1 General terms .2 2.2 UML expressions for diagrams7 3 Abbreviated terms.8 4 Objectives and requirements for a location referencing method 9 4.1 Objectives for an optimal location referencing method9 4.2 Requirements of the location referencing method9 5
10、Conceptual data model for location referencing methods .11 5.1 Role of conceptual model.11 5.2 Components of conceptual model 11 5.3 Description of the conceptual model11 5.4 Location categories.12 5.5 Conceptual model of road network.13 5.6 Conceptual model of area locations14 Annex A (informative)
11、 Inventory of location referencing methods .16 Annex B (informative) Examples of location referencing methods in use (mapping to conceptual data model for location referencing systems) .20 Annex C (informative) Description of UML expression elements22 Annex D (informative) Comparison of definitions
12、with TC 21124 Annex E (informative) Introduction to the TPEG physical format28 Bibliography41 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 01:32:35 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted w
13、ithout license from IHS -,-,- ISO 17572-1:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out throug
14、h ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborat
15、es closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standard
16、s. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of thi
17、s document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 17572-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems. ISO 17572 consists of the following parts, under the general title Intelligent t
18、ransport systems (ITS) Location referencing for geographic databases: Part 1: General requirements and conceptual model Part 2: Pre-coded location references (pre-coded profile) Part 3: Dynamic location references (dynamic profile) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by
19、 IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 01:32:35 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 17572-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved v Introduction A Location Reference (LR) is a unique identification of a geographic
20、 object. In a digital world, a real-world geographic object can be represented by a feature in a geographic database. An example of a commonly known Location Reference is a postal address of a house. Examples of object instances include a particular exit ramp on a particular motorway, a road junctio
21、n or a hotel. For efficiency reasons, Location References are often coded. This is especially significant if the Location Reference is used to define the location for information about various objects between different systems. For Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), many different types of real-wo
22、rld objects will be addressed. Amongst these, Location Referencing of the road network, or components thereof, is a particular focus. Communication of a Location Reference for specific geographic phenomena, corresponding to objects in geographic databases, in a standard, unambiguous manner is a vita
23、l part of an integrated ITS system in which different applications and sources of geographic data will be used. Location Referencing Methods (LRM, methods of referencing object instances) differ by applications, by the data model used to create the database, or by the enforced object referencing imp
24、osed by the specific mapping system used to create and store the database. A standard Location Referencing Method allows for a common and unambiguous identification of object instances representing the same geographic phenomena in different geographic databases produced by different vendors, for var
25、ied applications, and operating on multiple hardware/software platforms. If ITS applications using digital map databases are to become widespread, data reference across various applications and systems must be possible. Information prepared on one system, such as traffic messages, must be interpreta
26、ble by all receiving systems. A standard method to refer to specific object instances is essential to achieving such objectives. Japan, Korea, Australia, Canada, the US and European ITS bodies are all supporting activities of Location Referencing. Japan has developed a Link Specification for VICS. I
27、n Europe, the RDS-TMC traffic messaging system has been developed. In addition, methods have been developed and refined in the EVIDENCE and AGORA projects based on intersections identified by geographic coordinates and other intersection descriptors. In the US, standards for Location Referencing hav
28、e been developed to accommodate several different Location Referencing Methods. This International Standard provides specifications for location referencing for ITS systems (although other committees or standardization bodies may subsequently consider extending it to a more generic context). In addi
29、tion, this edition does not deal with public transport location referencing; this issue will be dealt with in a later edition. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 01:32:35 MSTNo repro
30、duction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 01:32:35 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- I
31、NTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17572-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1 Intelligent transport systems (ITS) Location referencing for geographic databases Part 1: General requirements and conceptual model 1 Scope This International Standard specifies Location Referencing Methods (LRM) that describe
32、locations in the context of geographic databases and will be used to locate transport-related phenomena in an encoder system as well as in the decoder side. This International Standard defines what is meant by such objects, and describes the reference in detail, including whether or not components o
33、f the reference are mandatory or optional, and their characteristics. This International Standard specifies two different LRMs: pre-coded location references (pre-coded profile); dynamic location references (dynamic profile). This International Standard does not define a physical format for implemen
34、ting the LRM. However, the requirements for physical formats are defined. This International Standard does not define details of the Location Referencing System (LRS), i.e. how the LRMs are to be implemented in software, hardware, or processes. This part of ISO 17572 specifies the following general
35、LRM related sections: requirements of a Location Referencing Method; conceptual Data Model for Location Referencing Methods; inventory of Location Referencing Methods; examples of Conceptual Data Model Use; description of selected UML Elements; comparison of Definitions with ISO/TC 211; introduction
36、 to the TPEG Physical Format. It is consistent with other International Standards developed by ISO/TC 204 such as ISO 14825, Intelligent transport systems Geographic Data Files (GDF) Overall data specification. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license wi
37、th ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 01:32:35 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 17572-1:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
38、2.1 General terms 1) 2.1.1 accuracy measure of closeness of results of observations, computations or estimates to the true values or the values accepted as being true 2.1.2 area two-dimensional, geographical region on the surface of the earth NOTE An area can be represented as an implicit area or an
39、 explicit area. 2.1.3 area location two-dimensional location, representing a geographical region on the surface of the earth 2.1.4 attribute characteristic property of an entity like a real-world feature NOTE It allows the identification of that feature by the sum of its attributes. An attribute has
40、 a defined type and contains a value. Attributes can be either simple, i.e. consisting of one atomic value, or composite (see composite attribute). 2.1.5 coordinate one of an ordered set of N numbers designating the position of a point in N-dimensional space 2.1.6 complex intersection intersection t
41、hat consists at least of two or more junctions and one or more road elements 2.1.7 composite attribute complex attribute attribute consisting of two or more atomic values and/or attributes 2.1.8 datum set of parameters and control points used to accurately define the three-dimensional shape of the e
42、arth NOTE The corresponding datum is the basis for a planar coordinate reference system. 2.1.9 descriptor characteristic of a geographic object, usually stored in an attribute EXAMPLE Road names or road numbers. 1) As part of the general intent to harmonize this International Standard with the ISO/T
43、C 211 family of Geographic Information Systems standards, a comparison of terms and definitions between this International Standard and ISO/TC 211 standards is included as Annex D. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910
44、770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 01:32:35 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 17572-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3 2.1.10 digital map database structured set of digital and alphanumeric data portraying geographic locations and relationships of spa
45、tial features NOTE Typically, such structures represent, but are not limited to, the digital form of hard copy maps. For example, drawings may be imported into a Geographic Information System (GIS) and considered as a form of digital map. 2.1.11 dynamic location reference location reference generate
46、d on-the-fly based on geographic properties in a digital map database 2.1.12 explicit area two-dimensional face on the surface of the earth, with a specified outline either being a simple geometric figure or an irregular outline/polygon 2.1.13 face two-dimensional element bounded by a closed sequenc
47、e of edges not intersecting themselves NOTE The face is the atomic two-dimensional element. 2.1.14 implicit area selection of road segments to be referenced belonging to a certain area (subnetwork) NOTE One implicit area can be built up of multiple subnetworks that are geographically connected. 2.1.
48、15 international terrestrial reference frame ITRF realization of the ITRS NOTE The ITRF94 reference frame is consistent with WGS84 at the 5 cm level, and therefore is equivalent to WGS84 for ITS applications. 2.1.16 international terrestrial reference system ITRS reference system for the earth derived from precise and accurate space geodesy measurements, not restricted to GPS Doppler measurements, which is periodically tracked and revised by the internation