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1、TERNATION L STANDARD ME INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION*MEWYHAf OCIHAfl OPrAHM3AUMR n0 CTAHAAPTM3ALWlM.ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Data processing - Vocabulary Section 10 : Operating techniques and facilities First edition - 1979-03-15 Traitement de I i
2、nformation - Vocabulaire Chapitre 10 : Techniques et moyens d exploitation Premiere Edition - 1979-03-15 UDC/CDU 681.3 : 001.4 Ref. No./Rkf. no : ISO 2382/X-1979 (E/F) Descriptors : data processing, vocabuIary/Descripteurs : traitement de l information, vocabulaire. Price based on 16 pages/Prix bask
3、 sur 16 pages Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 01:23:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- FOREWORD ISO (the International O
4、rganization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national Standards institutes (ISO member bodies). The work of developing International Standards is carried out through ISO technical committees. Every member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set up h
5、as the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptanc
6、e as International Standards by the ISO Council. International Standard ISO 2382/X was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 97, Computers and information processing, and was circulated to the member bodies in May 1977. lt has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries : Austral
7、 ia Hungary Belgium Italy Brazil Japan Czechoslovakia Netherlands Egypt, Arab Rep. of New Zealand Finland Poland France Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom U .S.A. Yugoslavia The member body o on technical grounds f the following country expressed disapproval of the document Germa
8、ny, F. R. 0 International Organization for Standardkation, 1979 l Printed in Switzerland ii Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 01:23:59 MDTNo reproduction or network
9、ing permitted without license from IHS -,-,- AVANT-PROPOS L ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une federation mondiale d organismes nationaux de normalisation (comites membresde I ISO). L elaboration des Normes internationales est confiee aux comites techniques de I ISO. Chaque c
10、omite membre interesse par une etude a Ie droit de faire partiedu comite technique correspondant. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec I ISO, participent egalement aux travaux. Les projets de Normes internationales adoptes par les comites techn
11、iques sont soumis aux comites membres pour approbation, avant leur acceptation comme Normes internationales par Ie Conseil de I ISO. La Norme internationale ISO 2382/X a et6 elaboree par Ie comite technique lSO/TC 97, Calculateurs et traitement de l information, et a et6 soumise aux comites membres
12、en mai 1977. Les comites membres des pays suivants I ont approuvee : Australie Hongrie Belgique Italie Bresil Japon Egypte, Rep. arabe d Nouvelle-Zelande Espagne Pays-Bas Finlande Pologne France Roumanie Royaume-Uni Suede Su isse Tchecoslovaquie Turquie U.S.A. Yougoslavie Le comite membre du pays su
13、ivant I a desapprouvee pour des raisons techniques : Allemagne, R. F. 0 Organisation internationale de normalkation, 1979 l Impfirn6 en Suisse . . . Ill Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not
14、for Resale, 04/19/2007 01:23:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Data processing gives rise to numerous international exchanges of both intellectual and material nature. These exchanges often become difficu!t, either because of the great variety of terms used
15、 in various fields of languages to express the same concept, or because of the absence of or the imprecision of useful concepts. To avoid misunderstandings due to this Situation and to facilitate such exchanges, it is advisable to select terms to be used in various languages or in various countries
16、to express the same concept and to establish definitions providing satisfactory equivalents for the various terms in different languages. In accordance with the directions given to the ISO Sub-Committee in Charge of the Vocabulary, the work on it has been mainly based on the usage to be found in the
17、 Vocabulary o f in forma tion processing * established and published by the International Federation for International Processing and the International Computation Centre, and in the USA Standard vocabulary for information processing established, published and revised by the American National Standa
18、rds Institute. The Sub-Committee also considered various international documents or drafts issued by ISO Technical Committee 97 and its Sub-Committees and other international organizations (such as the International Telecommunication Union) and national drafts or Standards. The definitions have been
19、 drawn up with the objective of achieving a proper balance between precision and simplicity. The main objective of this Vocabulary is to provide definitions that tan be understood to have the same meaning by all concerned. lt may thus be felt that some definitions are not sufficiently precise, do no
20、t include all cases, do not take into account certain exceptions, or are in conflict with established uses in particular fields of application. In addition, the Vocabulary consists of several sections prepared over a long period of time and it may be that the preparation of the later sections introd
21、uces inconsistencies with the earlier ones. These imperfections will be eliminated as far as possible in later editions. This procedure allows for immediate publication of needed sections and permits an element of flexibility in the preparation of a comprehensive vocabulary in view of the dynamics o
22、f Ianguage. * North Holland Publishing Company - AMSTERDAM 1966. iv Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 01:23:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without li
23、cense from IHS -,-,- Le traitement de l information donne lieu 2 de trks nombreux khanges internationaux d ordre intellectuel ou matkriel, qui sont souvent rendus difficiles soit par Ba diversite des termes employk dans diffet-ents milieux ou dans differentes langues pour exprimer une meme notion, s
24、oit par Yabsence ou I imprkision des dkfinitions des notions utiles. Pour eviter les malentendus ayant leur origine dans Ie vocabulaire et faciliter les khanges, il convient de prockder a un choix des termes a employer dans les differentes langues ou dans les differents pays pour designer Ia meme no
25、tion, et de rkdiger des dkfinitions assurant une equivalence pratiquement satisfaisante entre ces diffkrents termes. Conformement aux directives recues par Ie sous-comite de I ISQ Charge de I ktude du Vocabulaire, les travaux correspondants ont et6 essentiellement bases sur I usage codifik dans Ie V
26、ocabulary of information processing”, ktabli et publik par 1 1 nternational Federation for Information Processing et Ie Centre international de calcul, et dans Ie USA Standard vocabulary for information processing, etabli, publik et r6vis6 par I American National Standards Institute. Le sous-comite
27、s est appuyk, en outre, sur diffkents documents ou projets internationaux issus du comitk technique 97 de I ISO et de ses sous-comitks ou d autres organisations internationales (telles que Wnion internationale des t it is usually the output of a linkage editor. 10.02.12 linkage editor linker A Compu
28、ter program used to create one load module from one or more independently translated * Object modules or load modules by resolving Cross-references among the Object modules, and possibly by relocating elements. 10.02.33 storage image core image The representation of a Computer program and its relate
29、d data as they exist at the time they reside in main storage. 10.02.04 repartiteu r Programme de Systeme d exploitation ou toute autre unit6 fonctionne/e dont I objet est de re partir. 10.02.05 ordonnancer planifier Selectionner des travaux ou des taChes en vue de leur allouer du temps de processeur
30、. NOTE - Dans certains syst&mes d exploitation, I ordonnancement peut kgalement porter sur d autres uni& de travail comme les Opera tions d en trke-sortie. 10.02.06 execution de travail Action d effectuer un ou plusieurs travaux. 10.02.07 passage Action de derouler un ou plusieurs Programmes. 10.02.
31、08 flux de travaux flot de travaux file de travaux Squence des representations des travaux ou des Parties de travail a effectuer, soumise a un Systeme d exploitation. 10.02.09 langage de commande Ensemble d operateurs de procedure regi par une syntaxe, servant a solliciter les fonctions d un Systeme
32、 d exploita- tion . 10.02.10 module resultant Element de Programme fourni en sortie ?ar un assembleur ou un compilateur, et pouvant etre repris en entrge par un 6diteur de liens. 10.02.11 module chargeable Element de Programme fourni en sortie, Ie plus souvent par un editeur de liens, sous une forme
33、 qui se prete au char- gement pour ex&ution. 10.02.12 editeur de liens Programme destine a produire un module chargeab/e a partir d un ou plusieurs modules r&ultants * traduits inde- pendamment, ou de modules chargeables, par I etablissement de correspondances entre les references communes utilisees
34、 par les differents modules resultants, et eventuellement par translation d elements. 10.02.13 image memoire Forme sous laquelle des Programmes et les donndes asso- ciees se presentent au moment ou ils se trouvent en memoire principale. 5 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Prov
35、ided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 01:23:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 2382/X-1979 (E/F) 10.0214 control area A storage area used by a computerprogram to hold control in forma
36、 Gon. 10.02.15 control program A Computer program designed to schedule and to supervise the execution of programs in a Computer System. 10.02.16 resident (adjective) Pertaining to Computer programs that remain on a particular storage device. 10.02.17 nucleus resident control Programme That part of a
37、 control program that is resident in main storage. 10.02.18 System generation sysgen (acronym) The process of selecting optional Parts of an operating System and of creating a particular operating System tailored to the requirements of a data processing installation. 10.03 QPERATING MODES 10.03.01 b
38、atch processing The processing of data or the accomplishment of jobs, accumulated in advance, in such a manner that the user cannot further influence its processing while it is in progress. 10.03.02 remote batch processing Batch processing in which input-output units have access to a Computer throug
39、h a data link. 10.03.03 conversational mode interactive mode time sharing (deprecated in this sense) A mode of Operation of a Computer System in which a sequence of alternating entries and responses between a user and the System takes place in a manner similar to a dialogue between two persons. 10.0
40、2.14 zone de commande Zone de memoire utilisee par un Programme pour Ie range- ment d informations de controle ou de commande. 10.02.15 Programme de commande Programme de controle Programme servant 5 ordonnancer et surveiller I execution des Programmes dans un ordinateur 10.02.16 resident (adjectif)
41、 rbsidant Se dit de Programmes qui sont a demeure dans une me- moire donnee. 10.02.17 noyau Programme de commande resident Programme de contrble resident Partie d un Programme de commande residant en memoire principale. 10.02.18 generation de Systeme Processus selon lequel on choisit les elements fa
42、cultatifs d un Systeme d exploitation pour cr&%- un Systeme d exploi- tation particulier adapte aux besoins d”une installation de traitemen t de l in forma tion . 10.03 MODES D EXPLOITATION 10.03.01 traitement par lots Traitement de donnees ou realisation de travaux dont les donnees et les descripti
43、ons ont et6 regroupees au prealable, et qui sont effectuees dans des conditions telles que I utili- sateur ne puisse plus agir sur les traitements en cours. 10.03.02 traitement par lots a distance Praitement par lots dans lequel des organes d entree-sortie ont acc& 5 un ordinateur par une liaison de
44、 donnees. 10.03.03 mode dialogue Mode d exploitation d un ordinateur dans lequel une Suite de demandes et de reponses alternees entre un utilisateur et l ordinateur se deroule d une maniere semblable a un dialogue entre deux personnes. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provide
45、d by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 01:23:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 2382/X-1979 (E/F) 10.03.04 real time (adjective) Pertaining to the processing of data by a Computer in conn
46、ection with another process outside the Computer according to time requirements imposed by the outside process. NOTE - The term “real time” is also used to describe Systems operating in conversational mode and processes that tan be influenced by human intervention while they are in progress. 10.03.0
47、5 online (adjective) online IGB/ (adjective) Pertaining to the Operation of a functional unit when under the direct control of the Computer. 10.03.06 offline (adjective) off-line /GB/ (adjective) Pertaining to the Operation of a functional unit when not under the direct control of the Computer. 10.0
48、3.07 Single step Operation step-by-step Operation A mode of Operation of a Computer in which a Single Computer instruction or part of a Computer instruction is executed in response to an external Signal. 10.04 OPERATING TECHNIQUES 10.04.01 spooling The use of auxiliary storage as a buffer storage to reduce processing delays when transferring * data between peripheral equipment and the processors of a Computer. NOTE - The term is derived Peripheral Ow ration On Li ne”. from the expression “Simultaneous 10.04.02 remote batch entry Submission of batches of data through an inpu