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1、International Standard INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION.MEIKjJYHAPOJJHAR OPI-AHM3ALWlR fl0 CTAHflAPTbl3AL(MM.ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Citrus fruits and derived products - Determination of essential oils content (Reference method) Agrumes et produits dkrivks - Determ
2、ination de Ia teneur en huiles essentielles (Methode de rkfkrence) First edition - 1982-12-01 UDC 643.3 : 543.862 : 665.52 Ref. No. ISO 19554982 (E) Descriptors : agricultural products, fruits, citrus fruits, tests, determination of content, essential oh. Price based on 3 pages Copyright Internation
3、al Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/27/2007 00:27:14 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Fsreword ISO (the international Organization for Standardization) is
4、 a worldwide federation of national Standards institutes (ISO member bodies). The work of developing Inter- national Standards is carried out through ISO technical committees. Every member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set up has the right to be represented on
5、 that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by t
6、he ISO Council. International Standard ISO 1955 was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Agriculturalfoodproducts, and was circulated to the member bodies in August 1980. lt has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries : The member body tech nical gro unds 0 Australia Ind
7、ia Brazil Israel Canada Kenya Czechoslovakia Netherlands Egypt, Arab Rep. of New Zealand France Peru Germany, F. R. Philippines Hungary Roland of the following country expressed disapproval of the document on Romania South Africa, Rep. of Spain Thailand Turkey USSR Y ugoslavia USA International Orga
8、nization for Standardization, 1982 Printed in Switzerland Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/27/2007 00:27:14 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from
9、 IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1955-1982 (E) Citrus fruits and derived products - Determination of essential oils content (Reference method) 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard specifies the reference method for the determination of the total essential oils content of
10、 citrus fruits and their derived products (whole fruits, fruits tut into small pieces, skins, juices, concentrates, beverage bases, sweetened products etc.). 2 Principle Boiling of a test Portion, diluted or undiluted, and steam en- trainment of the essential oils which are collected in a graduated
11、tube; after cooling, direct reading from this tube of the volume of essential oils separated from the distillate. Citrus fruit juices, for example, shall be used after simply stir- ring; thick, pulpy or syrupy products shall be thoroughly mixed with an equal mass of water. 4.1.2 Products rich in ess
12、ential oils2) Suitably dilute the test Sample to obtain an essential oils con- tent of less than 0,l ml per 100 ml or per 100 g of product. 4.1.3 Products very rich in essential oils (used as bases for carbonated drink# Mix thoroughly by diluting with water in the Proportion in- dicated in 4.12, ope
13、rating in a high-speed mechanical mill in Order to avoid Separation. 4.1.4 Whole fruits, fruits tut into small pieces, and skins 3 Apparatus Grind the Sample finely and proceed as specified in 4.1.3. 3.1 Apparatusl), for entrainment and recovery of essential oils, comprising a condenser and a trap t
14、erminating in a tube, of diameter 8 to 10 mm, graduated in 0,05 ml divisions, having a capacity of 4 ml. 3.2 Flask, of capacity 3 litres, suitable for connection to the apparatus (3.1). 3.3 Graduated measuring cylinders, of capacity 2 Iitres. 3.4 Boiling aid. 4 Procedure 4.2 Preparation of apparatus
15、 (3.1) Start the circulation of water through the condenser and, if possible, moisten the inside of the condenser with a wetting agent, for example sodium secondary alkylsulphate. Fill the trap with distilled water. If possible, immerse the trap itself in a large beaker of cold water during the test
16、. 4.3 Test Portion21 Transfer 2 litres of the test Sample (4.11, measured by means of the graduated measuring cylinder (3.3) and corresponding to a volume V0 or a mass m of the product before dilution, to the flask (3.2). If necessary, add the boiling aid (3.4). 4.1 Preparation sf the test Sample 4.
17、4 Determination NOTE - Sufficient test Sample is required to provide test portions of 2 litres. 4.1.1 Products having low essential oils content (less than 0,l ml per 100 ml or per 100 g of product) Connect the flask to the apparatus (3.1) and Start heating. When the liquid begins to boil, reduce th
18、e rate of heating so that only about one drop of distillate falls from the condenser per second. 1) An apparatus of the modified Clevenger type is illustrated, for information only, in the annex. 2) For products which are rich, or very rich, in essential oils (4.1.2 and 4.13, it is possible to reduc
19、e the volume of the test Portion to 1 litre, modify- ing the capacity of the apparatus and the degree of dilution accordingly. 1 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/27/2007 0
20、0:27:14 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 1955-1982 (El Allow to boil for 1 to 3 h; the essential oils accumulate in the trap. When the volume of essential oils has not increased for 15 to 30 min, stop heating and allow the trap to cool. 5.1.2 Samples take
21、n by mass The essential oils content, expressed prod uct, is given by the formula in millilitres per 100 g of lf possible, rinse the condenser with water from a wash-bottle, then bring the lower boundary of the essential oils Phase to the “0” mark of the graduated tube, by running out water through
22、the tap. Allow the trap to drain for at least 5 min, then read the volume, to the nearest half-division, indicated by the upper VI -x 100 n-l where menrscus. m is the mass, in grams, of product present in the test por- tion (4.3); 4.5 Number of determinations has the same meaning as in 5.1.1. Carry
23、out two determinations on the same test Sample. 5.1.3 Result Take as the result the arithmetic mean of the values obtained in the two determinations (4.51, provided that the requirement for repeatability (see 5.2) is fulfifled. 5 Expression of results 5.1 Method of calculation and formula 5.2 Repeat
24、ability 5.1.1 Samples taken by volume The differente between the values obtained in the two deter- minations (4.5), carried out simultaneously or in rapid succes- sion by the same analyst, shall not exceed 5 % (relative) of the mean. The essential oils content, expressed as volume of product, is giv
25、en by the formula percentage by 6 Test report The test report shall show the method used and the result ob- tained. It shall also mention any operating conditions not specified in this International Standard, or regarded as op- tional, as weil as any circumstances that may have influenced the result
26、. V. is the volume, rtion (4.3); in millilitres, of product present in the test po The test report shall include all the information the complete identification of the sa mple. necessary for V, is the in 4.4. volume, in millilitres, of essential oils, measured Copyright International Organization fo
27、r Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/27/2007 00:27:14 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Annex ISO 19554982 0 Example of suitable apparatus (modified Clevenger type) Graduated
28、 tube - M Bulb 8 - - 4 ml 3 ml 2 ml 1 ml Dimensions in millimetres Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/27/2007 00:27:14 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without lic
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