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1、INTERNATIONALSTANDARD NORMEINTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION MEXAYHAPOAHAR OPrAHM3AMFI IlO CTAHAAPTL13AMM Information processing systems - Vocabulary - Part 06: Preparation and handling of data SystGmes de traitement de Iinform
2、ation - Vocabulaire - Partie 06: Prbparation et manipulation des donn6es IS0 2382-6 Second edition Deuxihme Cdition 1987-04-H Reference number Numiro de rtfirence IS0 2382-6: 1987 (E/F) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Tech
3、nical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 06:54:15 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of prepari
4、ng International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in l
5、iaison with ISO, also take part in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the IS0 Council. They are approved in accordance with IS0 procedures requiring at leas
6、t 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. International Standard IS0 2362-6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 97, Information processing systems. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0 2362-6 : 19741, of which it constitutes a technical revision. Users should not
7、e that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its latest edition, unless otherwise stated. Avant-propos LISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une federation mondiale dorganismes n
8、ationaux de normalisation (comites membres de IISO). Lelaboration des Normes internationales est normalement confide aux comites techniques de IISO. Chaque comite membre interesse par une etude a le droit de faire par-tie du comite technique cr bl the term or the generally preferred term in the lang
9、uage. The absence of a generally accepted term for the concept in the language is indicated by a symbol consisting of five points ( . . . . , I ; a row of dots may be used to indicate, in a term, a word to be chosen in each particular case; c) the preferred term in a particular country (identified a
10、c- cording to the rules of ISO/R 639, Symbols for languages, countries and authorities) ; Section un : G6n6ralMs 1 Objet et domaine dapplication La presente Norme internationale a pour objet de faciliter les Bchanges internationaux dans les systemes de traitement de Iinformation. A cet effet, elle p
11、resente un ensemble bilingue de termes et de definitions ayant trait B des notions choisies dans ce domaine, et definit les relations pouvant exister entre les dif- ferentes notions. Les definitions ont et6 Btablies de manike B Bviter les particula- rismes propres a une langue don b) le terme, ou le
12、 terme prefer6 en general dans la langue. Labsence, dans une langue, de terme consacre ou a con- seiller pour exprimer une notion est indiquee par un symbole consistant en cinq points de suspension f . . .I; les points de suspension peuvent stre employ c) le terme prefer6 dans un certain pays fident
13、ifie selon les regles de IISO/R 639, lndicatifs de langue, de pays et dautorit4 ; d) the abbreviation for the term; d) Iabreviation pouvant Qtre employee B la place du terme; Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Stand
14、ards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 06:54:15 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 2382-6 : 1987 (E/F) e) permitted synonymous term(s); e1 le terme ou les termes admis comme synonymes; f1 the text of the definition (see 2.4); f) le texte de la definit
15、ion (voir 2.4); g) one or more examples with the heading “Example(s)“; g) un ou plusieurs exemples precedes du titre ( ExempleM 1); h1 one or more notes specifying particular cases in the field of application of the concepts, with the heading “NOTE(S)“; h) une ou plusieurs notes precisant le domaine
16、 dapplica- tion de la notion, precedeeM du titre (NOTE(S); i) une figure, un schema ou un tableau, pouvant 6tre com- muns b plusieurs articles. i) a picture, a diagram, or a table which could be common to several entries. 2.3 Classification of entries 2.3 Classification des articles A two-digit seri
17、al number is assigned to each part of this Inter- national Standard, beginning with 01 for “fundamental terms”. Chaque partie de la presente Norme internationale recoit un numero dordre a deux chiffres, en commencant par 01 pour le chapitre cctermes fondamentauxn. The entries are classified in group
18、s to each of which is assigned a four-digit serial number. The first two digits being those of the part of this International Standard. Les articles sont repartis en groupes qui recoivent chacun un numero dordre Zr quatre chiffres, les deux premiers chiffres radix conversion; analog to digital conve
19、rsion; media conversion. 06.03.07 to transliterate To convert *data *character by character. 06.03.08 to encode to code To convert *data by the use of a code in such a manner that reconversion to the original form is possible. 06.03.09 to decode To convert *data by reversing the effect of some previ
20、ous encoding. 06.03.10 to transcribe To copy *data from one data medium to another, converting them as necessary for acceptance by the receiving medium. 06.03.11 to pack To convert *data to a compact form in a storage medium by taking advantage of known characteristics of the data and of the storage
21、 medium, in such a way that the original form of the data can be recovered. Example: To make use of bit or byte locations that would otherwise remain unused. 06.03.12 packing The operation performed when data are packed. 06.03.03 charger Transfkrer des don the process is repeated on the accepted par
22、t until the search is completed. 08.04.05 binary search A dichotomizing search that processes sets of an equal number of data elements, or in case of an odd number of elements in the initial set, allows for one set to contain one additional element. 08.04.08 Fibonacci search A dichotomizing search i
23、n which the number of data elements in the set is equal to a Fibonacci number or is assumed to be equal to the next higher Fibonacci number and then at each step in the search the set of elements is partitioned in accord- ance with the Fibonacci series. NOTES 1 The senes 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, etc. in
24、 which each element is the sum of the two preceding terms, is a Fibonacci series. 2 Fibonacci search has an advantage over binary search in slightly reducing average movement of a sequentially accessed date medium such as a magnetic tape. 06.03.13 decondenser une partie est rejetee et Iopkra- tion s
25、e rep si ce dernier nest pas Bgal8 un nombre de Fibonacci, on le suppose Bgal8 celui qui lui est immbdiatement supbrieur. NOTES 1 La suite 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, etc., dans laquelle chaque terme est then, by extension, sequencing may be, for example, alphabetic or chronological. 06.05.04 sequence A se
26、ries of items that have been sequenced. 06.0!5.05 index A list of the contents of a file or of a document, together with keys or references for locating the contents. 06.04.07 balayage exploration Examen systematique de don ainsi par extension peut- on ordonner alphabbtiquement ou chronologiquement.
27、 06.0504 sequence Suite d&ments qui ont 6th ordonn&. 06.05.05 index Liste des Bl6ments contenus dans un fichier ou un document, assortie de c/&s ou de rkfkences destinkes B localiser ces BIBments. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO License
28、e=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 06:54:15 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 2382-6 : 1987 (E/F) 06.05.06 to sort To segregate items into groups according to specified criteria without necessarily ordering the items within
29、each group. 06.05.07 to merge To combine the items of two or more sets of data that are in the same given order into one set in that order. 06.05.08 to collate To arrange two or more sets of data into a single one according to a predetermined order. 06.0509 collating sequence A specified arrangement
30、 resulting from collating. 06.06 Preparation of data 06.06.01 to edit To prepare data for a later operation. NOTE - Editing may include the rearrangement, the addition or modification of data, the deletion of unwanted data, format control, code *conversion, and the application of standard processes
31、such as zero suppression. 06.06.02 to extract To select and remove from a group of items those which meet specific criteria. 06.06.03 mask A pattern of characters that is used to control the retention or elimination of portions of another pattern of characters. 06.06.04 to clear To cause one or more
32、 storage locations to be set in a prescribed state, usually that corresponding to zero or that corresponding to the space character. 06.06.05 to zerofill To fill unused storage locations with the representation of the character denoting zero. 06.06.06 to justify To shift the contents of a registrer
33、so that the character at the specified end of the data is at a particular register position. ofio5.06 trier RBpartir des Mments en grouljes suivant des r&gles deter- minkes sans nkessairement ordonner les Bl6ments dans chacun des groupes. 06.05.07 fusionner Combiner les Mments de plusieurs ensembles
34、 de don&es* rang& de faGon comparable en un seul ensemble lui-meme rang6 suivant le meme crit&re dordre. 06.0!?.08 interclasser RBunir en un seul, plusieurs ensembles de don&es selon des critkres de rangement pr6d&ermin&s. 06.0!39 sequence dinterclassement sequence de classement Disposition d&ermirG
35、e rksultant dun interclassement. 06.06 Preparation des don&es 06.06.01 mettre en forme Preparer des donnbes en vue dune opkation ultkieure. NOTE - La mise en forme peut comprendre un changement de Iordre ou de la disposition des donnkes, Iaddition, la supression ou la modifi- cation de donnees, une
36、conversion de code et des optkations courantes telle que la suppression de zhros. 06.06.02 extraire Prendre dans un ensemble dkkments ceux qui satisfont 5 des conditions d6termin6es. 06.06.03 masque Arrangement de caract6res designant les parties dun autre arrangement de caracteres 3 retenir ou $ re
37、jeter. 06.06.04 effacer Amener un ou plusieurs emplacements de m&moire 31 un Btat d6termin6, g6n6ralement reprbsent6 par z&o ou par un caracttke espace. 06.06.05 remplir de zeros Remplir des emp/acements de m&moire non utilis& avec la reprksentation du caract&e qui dksigne z&o. 06.06.06 cadrer Drkal
38、er le contenu dun registre de faGon que le caract&e situ6 B une extr6mit4 dkterminke de la donnke occupe une position particuli&re dans le registre. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for
39、Resale, 04/20/2007 06:54:15 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 2382-6 : 1987 (E/F) 06.06.07 06.06.07 to left-justify bight-justify1 cadrer B gauche B droitel To justify to the left right. Cadrer le contenu dun registre A gauche A droitel. 06.06.08 zero supp
40、ression The elimination of non-significant zeros from a numeral. 06.06.08 suppression de zeros Elimination des Z&OS non significatifs dun numbal. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Res
41、ale, 04/20/2007 06:54:15 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 2362-6 : 1967 (E/F) English afphabetical index A J acquisition data acquisition 06.02.10 justify to justify to left-justify to right-justify 06.06.06 06.06.07 06.06.07 B binary search 06.04.05 bloc
42、k transfer 06.03.02 binary block K search key 06.04.03 C L chained chained list search clear to clear code to code collate to collate collating collating sequence colection data collection compact to compact compress to compress convert to convert COPY to copy cycle search cycle 06.04.09 06.06.04 06
43、.03.08 06.05.08 06.05.09 06.02.08 06.03.14 06.03.14 06.03.06 06.01.03 06.04.02 to left-justify 06.06.07 linear search 06.04.08 linked list search 06.04,09 chained list search 06.04.09 linked list search 06.04.09 to load 06.03.03 left-justify linear linked list load M mask mask merge to merge move to
44、 move 06.06.03 06.05.07 06.03.01 D data data acquisition 06.02.10 data collection 06.02.08 data entry 06.02.09 input (data) 06.02.01 output (data) 06.02.04 decode to decode 06.03.03 dichotomizing dichotomizing search 06.04.04 duplicate to duplicate 06.01.04 0 order output to order 06.05.01 order 06.
45、05.02 output (adjective) 06.02.06 output (data) 06.02AI4 output (process) C&02,05 input-output (adjective) 06.02.07 E P edit encode entry expand extract to edit 06.06.01 to encode 06.03.08 data entry 06.02.09 to expand 06.03.15 to extract 06.06.02 to pack 06.03.11 packing 06.03.12 input (process) 06
46、.02.02 output (process) 06.02.05 pack packing process F R Fibonacci Fibonacci search 06.04.06 read to read 06.01.01 right-justify to right-justify 06.06.07 H S hash hash table search 06.04.11 scanning search scanning 06.04.07 binary search 06.04.05 chained list search 06.04.09 dichotomizing search 0
47、6.04.04 Fibonacci search 06.04.06 hash table search 06.04.11 linear search 06Al4.08 linked list search 06.04.08 search 06.04.01 I index index 06.05.05 input input (adjective) 06.02.03 input (data) 06.02.01 input (process) 06.02.02 input-output input-output (adjective) 06.02.07 I/O I/O (adjective) 06
48、.02.07 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 06:54:15 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 2362-6 : 1987 (E/F) search sequence sequential sort suppression table transcribe transfer search cycle 06.04.02 search key 06.04.03 sequential search 06.04.08 tree search 06.04.10 collating sequence c6.05.09 sequence 06.05.04 to sequence 06.05.03 sequential search 06.0408 to sort 06.05.06 zero suppression 06.06.06 T hash table sea