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1、 Reference number ISO/IEC 15938-4:2002/Amd.2:2006(E) ISO/IEC 2006 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 15938-4 First edition 2002-06-15 AMENDMENT 2 2006-10-01 Information technology Multimedia content description interface Part 4: Audio AMENDMENT 2: High-level descriptors Technologies de linformation Inte
2、rface de description du contenu multimdia Partie 4: Audio AMENDEMENT 2: Descripteurs de haut niveau Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:13:10 MDTNo reproduct
3、ion or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 15938-4:2002/Amd.2:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded ar
4、e licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Detail
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6、ating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm,
7、 without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 200
8、6 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:13:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 15938-4:200
9、2/Amd.2:2006(E) ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the
10、development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-gove
11、rnmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task
12、of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vo
13、te. Amendment 2 to ISO/IEC 15938-4:2002 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with IS
14、O Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:13:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User
15、=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:13:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 15938-4:2002/Amd.2:2006(E) ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reserved 1 Information technology Multimedia content description interface Part 4: Audio AMENDMENT 2: High-level desc
16、riptors Remove subclauses 5.2.3. and add following subclauses: 5.2.3 SeriesOfScalarType This descriptor represents a series of scalars, at full resolution or scaled. Use this type within descriptor definitions to represent a series of feature values. 5.2.3.1 Syntax 5.2.3.2 Semantics Name Definition
17、SeriesOfScalarType A representation of a series of scalar values of a feature. Raw Series of unscaled samples (full resolution). Use only if scaling is absent to indicate the entire series. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS E
18、mployees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:13:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 15938-4:2002/Amd.2:2006(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reserved Min Series of minima of groups of samples. The value of numOfElements shall equal
19、 the length of the vector. This element shall be absent or empty if the Raw element is present. Max Series of maxima of groups of samples. The value of numOfElements shall equal the length of the vector. This element shall be absent or empty if the Raw element is present. Mean Series of means of gro
20、ups of samples. The value of numOfElements shall equal the length of the vector. This element shall be absent or empty if the Raw element is present. Random Downsampled series (one sample selected at random from each group of samples). The value of numOfElements shall equal the length of the vector.
21、 This element shall be absent or empty if the Raw element is present. First Downsampled series (first sample selected from each group of samples). The value of numOfElements shall equal the length of the vector. This element shall be absent or empty if the Raw element is present. Last Downsampled se
22、ries (last sample selected from each group of samples). The value of numOfElements shall equal the length of the vector. This element shall be absent or empty if the Raw element is present. Variance Series of variances of groups of samples. The value of numOfElements shall equal the length of the ve
23、ctor. This element shall be absent or empty if the Raw element is present. Mean must be present in order for Variance to be present. Weight Optional series of weights. Contrary to other fields, these do not represent values of the descriptor itself, but rather auxiliary weights to control scaling (s
24、ee below). The value of numOfElements shall equal the length of the vector. LogBase In the case, its value is different to the default value, a logarithm has to be performed on the input data, before calculating any series (mean, variance).The value is the base of a logarithm that is performed on th
25、e input data. Note that the value of LogBase must be greater than 0. Note: Data of a full resolution series (ratio = 1) are stored in the Raw field. Accompanying zero-sized fields (such as Mean) indicate how the series may be scaled, if the need for scaling arises. The data are then stored in the sc
26、aled field(s) and the Raw field disappears. In the case, that the value of LogBase is different from its default value, a logarithm must be performed on any input data before series calculation. In case, it is equal to the default value, no logarithm must be performed on the input data. The followin
27、g formula shows the rule for this calculation. Base contains the base of the logarithm and is defined in LogBase. In case the logarithmic calculation is invalid (for e.g. log 0) or the calculated output is smaller than -1.0e2 the output value is fixed to -1.0e2. )(loginputValueeoutputValu base = Sca
28、lable Series allow data to be stored at reduced resolution, according to a number of possible scaling operations. The allowable operations are those that are scalable in the following sense. Suppose the original series is scaled by a scale ratio of P, and this scaled series is then rescaled by a fac
29、tor of Q. The result is the same as if the original series had been scaled by a scale ratio of N = PQ. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:13:10 MDTNo reprod
30、uction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 15938-4:2002/Amd.2:2006(E) ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reserved 3 Figure AMD2.1 illustrates the scalability property. This scaled series can be derived indifferently from the original series by applying the scaling operation with the
31、ratios shown, or from the scaled Series of Figure AMD2.1 by applying the appropriate rescaling operation. The result is identical. Scaling operations are chosen among those for which this property can be enforced. 6 2 3 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 2 8 original series scaled series ratio numOfElements k (index
32、) totalNumOfSamples 31 Figure AMD2.1 An illustration of the scalability property If the scaling operations are used, they shall be computed as follows. Name Definition Definition if Weight present Min i kN Nkik xm )1(1 min += = Ignore samples with zero weight. If all have zero weight, set to zero by
33、 convention. Max Mk= maxi=1+(k 1)N kN xi Ignore samples with zero weight. If all have zero weight, set to zero by convention. Mean += = kN Nki ik xNx )1(1 )/1 ( +=+= = kN Nki i kN Nki iik wxwx )1(1)1(1 If all samples have zero weight, set to zero by convention. Random choose at random among N sample
34、s Choose at random with probabilities proportional to weights. If all samples have zero weight, set to zero by convention. First choose the first of N samples Choose first non-zero-weight sample. If all samples have zero weight, set to zero by convention. Last choose the last of N samples Choose las
35、t non-zero-weight sample. If all samples have zero weight, set to zero by convention. Variance 2 )1(1 2 2 )1(1 )/1 ( )()/1 ( k kN Nki i k kN Nki ik xxN xxNz = = += += zk=wi(xi x k)2 i=1+(k 1)N kN wi i=1+(k1) N kN If all samples have zero weight, set to zero by convention. Weight += = kN Nki ik wNw )
36、1(1 )/1 ( Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:13:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 15938-4:2002/Amd.2:2006
37、(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reserved In these formulae, k is an index in the scaled series, and i an index in the original series. N is the number of samples summarized by each scaled sample. In case logBase is not equal to the default value, X is the logarithm of the input data, otherwise the raw
38、 input data. The formula for Variance differs from the standard formula for unbiased variance by the presence of N rather than N 1. Unbiased variance is easy to derive from it. If the Weight field is present, the terms of all sums are weighted. Replace subclause 5.2.5 with the following: 5.2.5 Serie
39、sOfVectorType This descriptor represents a series of vectors. 5.2.5.1 Syntax 5.2.5.2 Semantics Name Definition SeriesOfVectorType A type for scaled series of vectors. Raw Series of unscaled samples (full resolution). Use only if ratio=1 for the entire series. Min Series of minima of groups of sample
40、s. Number of rows must equal numOfElements, number of columns must equal vectorSize. This element must be absent or empty if the element Raw is present. Max Series of maxima of groups of samples. Number of rows must equal numOfElements, number of columns must equal vectorSize. This element must be a
41、bsent or empty if the element Raw is present. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 07:13:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -
42、,-,- ISO/IEC 15938-4:2002/Amd.2:2006(E) ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reserved 5 Name Definition Mean Series of means of groups of samples. Number of rows must equal numOfElements, number of columns must equal vectorSize. This element must be absent or empty if the element Raw is present. Random Downsampl
43、ed series (one sample selected at random from each group of samples). Number of rows must equal numOfElements, number of columns must equal vectorSize. This element must be absent or empty if the element Raw is present. First Downsampled series (first sample selected from each group of samples). Num
44、ber of rows must equal numOfElements, number of columns must equal vectorSize. This element must be absent or empty if the element Raw is present. Last Downsampled series (last sample selected from each group of samples). Number of rows must equal numOfElements, number of columns must equal vectorSi
45、ze. This element must be absent or empty if the element Raw is present. Variance Series of variance vectors of groups of vector samples. Number of rows must equal numOfElements, number of columns must equal vectorSize. This element must be absent or empty if the element Raw is present. Mean must be
46、present in order for Variance to be present. LogBase Base of a logarithm that is performed on the input data. If the value is equal the default value, no logarithm is performed. Note that the value of LogBase must be greater than 0. Covariance Series of covariance matrices of groups of vector sample
47、s. This is a three- dimensional matrix. Number of rows must equal numOfElements, number of columns and number of pages must both equal vectorSize. This element must be absent or empty if the element Raw is present. Mean must be present in order for Covariance to be present. VarianceSummed Series of
48、summed variance coefficients of groups of samples. Size of the vector must equal numOfElements. This element must be absent or empty if the element Raw is present. Mean must be present in order for VarianceSummed to be present. MaxSqDist Maximum Squared Distance (MSD). Series of coefficients representing an upper bound of the distance between groups of samples and their mean. Size of array must equal numOfElements. This element must be absent or empty if the element Raw