《ISO-16185-2000.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《ISO-16185-2000.pdf（13页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、Reference number ISO 16185:2000(E) ISO 2000 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16185 First edition 2000-10-15 Road vehicles Engine families for certification of heavy-duty vehicles Exhaust emissions Vhicules routiers Familles de moteurs pour homologation des vhicules lourds missions de gaz dchappement ISO 1
2、6185:2000(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloadin
3、g this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the Gener
4、al Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given
5、below. ISO 2000 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member bo
6、dy in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 ? CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2000 All rights reserved ISO 16185:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reservediii ContentsPage Forewo
7、rd.iv Introduction.v 1Scope 1 2Normative reference1 3Terms and definitions .1 4Parameters defining the engine family2 5Choice of the parent engine .7 ISO 16185:2000(E) iv ISO 2000 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of natio
8、nal standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internati
9、onal organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rul
10、es given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the pos
11、sibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 16185 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 5, En
12、gine tests. -,-,- ISO 16185:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reservedv Introduction This International Standard aims to define the criteria making it possible to group engines of road vehicles in order to reduce the number of type approval tests. This concept already exists in certain regulations (United
13、 Nations, United States of America, European Union). ISO 8178-7 deals with this subject within the broader framework of those engines designed originally for non-road applications. ISO was requested within the framework of the United Nations1)to work on an International Standard that would adapt the
14、se concepts to heavy-duty road vehicles. This work is considered as a step towards a world-wide heavy- duty certification (WHDC) procedure. In the case of regulations based on emission tests, the family concept as described in this International Standard makes it possible to minimize the number of t
15、hese tests (some of them may be very long) by carrying them out only on a parent engine. 1)UN/ECE/GRPE: United Nations/Economic Commission for Europe/Group of Rapporteurs on Pollution and Energy. -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 16185:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved1 Road vehicles Engine familie
16、s for certification of heavy-duty vehicles Exhaust emissions 1Scope This International Standard is applicable to heavy-duty road vehicle engines subject to regulations as regards their exhaust emissions at the time of their certification. Mopeds, motorcycles, passenger cars and non-road vehicles are
17、 not within its scope. This International Standard defines the criteria making it possible to group those engines of the same manufacturer having, by design, similar regulated exhaust emission characteristics (gaseous and particulate pollutants, as well as smoke) within a family or families. It defi
18、nes the parameters necessitating the carrying out of different groupings, leaving open to the manufacturer the latitude to carry out groupings of lower size. This International Standard defines the procedure for selecting from within each engine family the parent engine, the specific characteristics
19、 of which will probably make it more difficult to produce a low level of exhaust emissions. 2Normative reference The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitutes provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendme
20、nts to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the normative document indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition
21、 of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 8178-7:1996, Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust emission measurements Part 7: Engine family determination. 3Terms and definitions For the purposes
22、of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 engine family manufacturers grouping of engines which, through their design, have similar exhaust-emission characteristics (gaseous and particulate pollutants, smoke) 3.2 parent engine engine selected from an engine famil
23、y considered from its design to have comparatively high exhaust-emission characteristics, while being representative of that family 3.3 member of a family any engine in an engine family that is not a parent engine -,-,- ISO 16185:2000(E) 2 ISO 2000 All rights reserved 3.4 after-treatment system devi
24、ce fitted to an engines exhaust line designed to reduce the level of the gaseous or particulate exhaust emissions, or both NOTECatalytic converters (oxidation catalysts; DeNOx catalysts) and particulate traps are typically considered to be after- treatment devices, whereas devices such as exhaust ga
25、s recirculation systems (EGR) are not considered to be after-treatment devices but integral parts of the engine. 3.4.1 controlled after-treatment system after-treatment system whose operation is controlled by external information or by influences external to the device such as additives or heat EXAM
26、PLEDeNOx systems with selective reduction of NOx. 3.4.2 non-controlled after-treatment system after-treatment system whose operation depends on the presence of exhaust-emission components in the exhaust gas and conditions such as temperature EXAMPLEOxidation catalysts. 4Parameters defining the engin
27、e family 4.1General An engine family is characterized by design parameters. These shall be common to all the engines within the family. The engine manufacturer may decide which engines of its design belong to an engine family, as long as they respect the membership criteria listed in this clause. As
28、 regards to the certification of engines, considering their exhaust emission of pollutants, in order that engines may be considered to belong to the same engine family, the engines shall comply with the same regulatory requirements as those for exhaust emissions and shall meet the same emission limi
29、t values over their useful life (if defined). The list of basic parameters given in 4.3 shall be common. 4.2Special cases a)In some cases there may be interaction between parameters. This shall be taken into consideration to ensure that only engines with similar exhaust emission characteristics are
30、included in the same engine family. EXAMPLEThe number of cylinders can become a significant parameter on certain engines because of the fuel supply or their intake system, while with other designs, the characteristics of the exhaust emissions are independent of the number of cylinders or their confi
31、guration. These cases shall be identified by the manufacturer and notified to the authorities. b)In the case of devices or features which are not listed in this clause and which may have a strong influence on the level of emissions, this equipment shall be identified by the manufacturer, on the basi
32、s of good engineering practice, and notified to the authorities. It shall be then taken into account as a criterion for belonging to an engine family. c)In addition to the following required parameters, the manufacturer may introduce additional criteria allowing the definition of families of more re
33、stricted size. These parameters are not necessarily parameters having an influence on the level of emissions. ISO 16185:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved3 EXAMPLE The type of vehicle or the place where this vehicle is put into commerce may be criteria retained by the manufacturer. 4.3Parameters 4
34、.3.1Combustion cycle ?2 stroke cycle ?4 stroke cycle ?Rotary engine ?Others 4.3.2Configuration of the cylinders2) 4.3.2.1Position of the cylinders in the block ?V ?In line ?Radial ?Others (F, W, etc.) 4.3.2.2Relative position of the cylinders Engines with the same block may belong to the same family
35、 as long as their bore centre-to-centre dimensions are the same. 4.3.3Main cooling medium ?Air ?Water ?Oil NOTEIf cooling is ensured in a way that combines more than one fluid, the selective parameter for defining the engine family is the fluid considered as having the largest influence on the exhau
36、st emissions of the engine. 4.3.4Individual cylinder displacement 4.3.4.1Engines with a unit cylinder displacementW0,75 dm3 In order for engines with a unit cylinder displacementW0,75 dm3to be considered to belong to the same engine family, the spread of their individual cylinder displacements shall
37、 not exceed 15 % of the largest individual cylinder displacement within the family. 2)The inclination of the engine is not a membership parameter. ISO 16185:2000(E) 4 ISO 2000 All rights reserved 4.3.4.2Engines with a unit cylinder displacement 0,75 dm3 In order for engines with a unit cylinder disp
38、lacement 0,75 dm3to be considered to belong to the same engine family, the spread of their individual cylinder displacements shall not exceed 30 % of the largest individual cylinder displacement within the family. 4.3.4.3Engines of other unit cylinder displacement limits Engines with an individual c
39、ylinder displacement that exceeds the limits defined in 4.3.4.1 and 4.3.4.2 may be considered as belonging to that family with the agreement of the parties involved. This agreement should be based on technical elements (calculations, simulations, experimental results etc.) showing that this excess d
40、oes not have a significant influence on the exhaust emissions. 4.3.5Method of air aspiration ?Naturally aspirated ?Pressure charged ?Pressure charged with charge air cooler 4.3.6Fuel (for which the engine is designed) ?Diesel fuel ?Gasoline ?Gaseous fuel ?Natural gas (NG) ?Liquefied petroleum gas (L
41、PG) ?Hydrogen ?Dimethylether (DME) ?Others ?Alcohols ?Others If an engine is designed for a given fuel, but used without basic design modifications with another fuel, the necessity for two different families may vary according to the regulation itself. However, if not specified, any decision should
42、be based on technical elements. EXAMPLEIt is possible in some cases to consider a gas engine fuelled with gasoline during warm up as belonging to the same engine family as a pure gas engine. 4.3.7Combustion chamber type ?Open chamber ?Divided chamber ?Other types -,-,- ISO 16185:2000(E) ISO 2000 All
43、 rights reserved5 4.3.8Ignition type ?Spark ignition ?Compression ignition 4.3.9Valves and porting ?Configuration ?Number of valves per cylinder 4.3.10 Fuel supply type ?Liquid fuel supply type ?Pump and (high-pressure) line and injector ?In-line or distributor pump ?Unit pump or unit injector ?Comm
44、on rail ?Carburettor(s) ?Others ?Gas fuel supply type ?Gaseous ?Liquid ?Mixing units ?Others ?other types of fuel supply 4.3.11 Miscellaneous devices ?Exhaust gases recirculation (EGR) devices ?Water-injection devices ?Air-injection devices ?Other devices NOTEThe influence of the listed devices on e
45、xhaust gas emissions depends largely on the specific layout and adapted control strategy. The decision as to whether an engine with these devices can be considered as a part of the family can be left to the manufacturer. If necessary, the manufacturer will give the technical elements for the decisio
46、n (e.g. calculations, simulations, experimental results). -,-,- ISO 16185:2000(E) 6 ISO 2000 All rights reserved 4.3.12 Electronic control strategy of engines The presence or absence of an electronic control unit (ECU) on the engine is regarded as a basic parameter of the family. In the case of elec
47、tronically controlled engines, the manufacturer shall present the technical elements explaining the grouping of these engines in the same family, i.e. the reasons why these engines can be expected to satisfy the same emission requirements. These elements can be calculations, simulations, estimations
48、, descriptions of injection parameters, experimental results, etc. Examples of controlled features are: ?timing, ?injection pressure, ?multiple injection, ?boost pressure, ?VGT, and ?EGR. 4.3.13 After-treatment systems The function and combination of the following devices are regarded as membership
49、criteria for an engine-family: ?oxidation catalysts; ?3-way catalysts (?1 engines); ?DeNOx systems with a selective reduction of NOx (addition of a reducing agent) ?other DeNOx systems; ?particulate traps with passive regeneration; ?particulate traps with active regeneration; ?other particulate traps; ?other devic