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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3454 Third edition 2008-04-15 Reference number ISO 3454:2008(E) ISO 2008 Hydrometry Direct depth sounding and suspension equipment Hydromtrie Matriel de sondage et de suspension pour le mesurage direct de la profondeur Copyright International Organization for Standardizati
2、on Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:04:21 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3454:2008(E) ii ISO 2008 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accor
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5、ing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise
6、 specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright off
7、ice Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008
8、 03:04:21 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3454:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page 1Scope 1 2Normative references 1 3Terms and definitions 1 4Sounding equipment . 1 5Suspension equipment . 2 6Performance requirements . 3 Annex A (infor
9、mative) Selection of sounding (sinker) weight 6 Annex B (informative) Corrections for length of sounding line when measuring depth with the line not normal to the surface 7 Bibliography . 8 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boein
10、g Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:04:21 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3454:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
11、 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, gover
12、nmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC D
13、irectives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member
14、bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 3454 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 113, Hydrometry, Subcommit
15、tee SC 5, Instruments, equipment and data management. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 3454:1983), which has been technically revised. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for
16、Resale, 07/25/2008 03:04:21 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3454:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved v Introduction The choice of suspension and sounding equipment depends on the depth of flow, the velocity of the current and the method of discharge mea
17、surement (by wading, from a boat, from a manned cableway or from a bridge). Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:04:21 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license fro
18、m IHS -,-,- . vi Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:04:21 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 3454:2008(E) ISO 2008
19、 All rights reserved 1 Hydrometry Direct depth sounding and suspension equipment 1Scope This International Standard specifies the functional requirements of the equipment, excluding bankside cableway systems, used in the measurement of liquid flow in open channels for a)sounding (by direct method),
20、and b)suspending the measuring equipment (for example, current-meter or sediment sampler) at the point of measurement. 2Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated re
21、ferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 772, Hydrometry Vocabulary and symbols 3Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 772 apply. 4Sounding equipment 4.1General To obtain the correct vert
22、ical depth of water from surface to bed, either a sounding-rod or a sounding line is used depending on the velocity and depth of flow. The sounding rod can also be a wading rod. For measurements by either sounding rod or wading rod, the rod shall be held in a vertical position. For measurements by s
23、ounding line, appropriate weights shall be attached to keep it as close as practicable to vertical. Sounding equipment can also be employed as suspension equipment. Requirements for the deployment of suspension equipment, as described in Clause 5, also apply to sounding equipment. 4.2Sounding rod, w
24、ading rod and sounding line A sounding rod is a graduated rigid rod with a base plate; it is used for measurement of depths up to to in medium velocities (up to ). For smaller depths and velocities, a wading rod is used; for greater depths, a sounding line is used. 5 m6 m 2 m/s Copyright Internation
25、al Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:04:21 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3454:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved 5Suspension equipment 5.1Basic requir
26、ements The basic requirements for making observations in flowing water with the help of meter-suspension equipment are as follows. a)Measuring equipment shall be placed at the point of measurement in such a way that it does not cause appreciable disturbances, irrespective of the depth of water and v
27、elocity of flow. b)Supporting devices, such as cableways, bridges and boats or wading rods, shall be appropriate to the measuring equipment suspended from them and capable of supporting the safe working load of the equipment with a suitable factor of safety. c)The method of deployment shall be in ac
28、cordance with local health and safety regulations. 5.2Types of suspension 5.2.1General Several types of suspension equipment have been developed to suit the basic requirements in 5.1. These can be classified into two broad categories: a)rigid-rod suspension equipment; b)cable suspension equipment. 5
29、.2.2Rigid-rod suspension equipment 5.2.2.1General This type of equipment has the merit that the current-meter or sediment sampler can be placed at the point of measurement without any appreciable deflection from the vertical at which the observations are being made. Rigid-rod suspension equipment in
30、cludes: a)hand-operated suspension equipment, such as a wading rod; b)mechanically operated rigid-rod suspension equipment such as a rack-and-pinion arrangement. 5.2.2.2Hand-held suspension equipment Hand-held suspension equipment is simple to operate, can be manufactured from local resources, and c
31、an be used in water of depths up to approximately and velocities of . In the case of wading rods, the limits for the depth and velocity are approximately and , respectively. 5.2.2.3Mechanically operated suspension equipment Mechanically operated rigid-rod equipment is preferable because of the accur
32、acy with which the instrument can be placed at the point of measurement, but it is heavier and requires very careful installation with suitable stabilizing counter-weights. This type of equipment can be used in water of depths up to approximately and velocities up to approximately . Limitations on t
33、he use of the equipment shall be clearly established and attached to the equipment so that safe working limits are not exceeded. Special care is needed in the presence of overhead power cables. 3 m2 m/s 1 m1 m/s 6 m 3 m/s Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under
34、 license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:04:21 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3454:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3 5.2.3Cable suspension equipment Cable suspension equipment is generally used in measurement of
35、 deep streams where rigid-rod suspension equipment cannot be used. Cableway systems for stream gauging are specified in ISO 4375. Depending on the depth and velocity encountered, suitable weights are attached to the cable suspension to keep the cable as vertical as possible. Guidance on the selectio
36、n of sounding weights is given in Annex A. If, with the maximum permissible sinker attached, the current-meter and weight are carried downstream, the measured depth will be greater than the true depth and will therefore require correction. In such situations where large vertical angles are induced,
37、two separate corrections are required. These corrections are an “air- line” correction for that part of the cable which is between the point of suspension and the surface of water, and a “wet-line” correction for that portion of the cable which is in the water (see Annex B). To prevent large vertica
38、l angles, it may be necessary to use weights of several hundred kilograms to keep the cable as vertical as possible. Hand-operated or power-driven gauging-reels and cranes should handle such weights with an appropriate safe working load. Cable suspension equipment includes: a)hand-line suspension; b
39、)crane and gauging reel. A hand-line suspension is operated by hand, is simple in design, and can be manufactured from local resources. Its application shall be limited to use with weights up to and velocities up to . Gauging- reel suspension can be used under most conditions of flow. This type of e
40、quipment shall include an automatic brake and a means of overload protection. 6Performance requirements 6.1Rigid rods for sounding and suspension 6.1.1Sounding rod The sounding rod shall comply with the following requirements. a)It shall be straight and remain vertical during use. b)It shall be made
41、 as lightweight as possible, but have sufficient strength to withstand the force due to flowing water without itself undergoing any significant deflection or vibration. c)It shall not cause significant heading up of water due to its own obstruction. d)The smallest graduation should preferably corres
42、pond to . e)It shall not penetrate into the bed of the channel. 6.1.2Suspension rod In addition to the requirements in 6.1.1 a) to e), the suspension rod shall have a suitable stabilizing arrangement to enable it to maintain proper orientation, especially when the immersed portion of the rod is long
43、. Mechanically operated rigid-rod suspension equipment (see 5.2.2.3) shall comply with the following additional requirements. a)A load-activated brake shall be incorporated in the winding mechanism to prevent the winding handle from turning under the action of the load and to hold the suspension rod
44、 in the desired position. It shall not be possible for the sinker to be lowered except by the action of the handle. b)The mechanical arrangement shall be such that the suspension rod can be raised or lowered without the application of excessive effort. Manual handling regulations may apply. 15 kg2 m
45、/s 10 mm Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:04:21 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3454:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reserved c)There
46、 shall be an arrangement for fixing it to a boat or any other structure. d)There shall be sufficient counter-weights to ensure stability. 6.2Cable suspension equipment 6.2.1General Cable suspension equipment shall comply with the requirements in 6.2.2, 6.2.3, 6.2.4 and 6.2.5. 6.2.2Cable The cable sh
47、all comply with the following requirements. a)The current-meter suspension cable shall be corrosion resistant and preferably pre-formed and reverse-laid to inhibit spinning. b)The cable shall have strength sufficient to support the current-meter and sounding weight with a factor of safety of five. I
48、ts elongation under load shall not exceed . c)The cable shall be equipped with a suitable attachment for suspending the measuring equipment. d)If the suspension cable serves for the transmission of the signals of the current-meter, it shall incorporate an insulated conducting core. e)The cable shall be smooth and flexible, so that it can take turns without any permanent bends or twists, which would affect its usability and length. f)When