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1、 Reference number ISO 4684:2005(E) IULTCS/IUC 5:2005(E) ISO 2005 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4684 IULTCS/IUC 5 First edition 2005-11-01 Leather Chemical tests Determination of volatile matter Cuir Essais chimiques Dtermination des matires volatiles ISO 4684:2005(E) IULTCS/IUC 5:2005(E) PDF disclaimer
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6、quester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reserved -,-,- ISO 4684:2005(E) IULTCS/IUC 5:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the
7、 International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committe
8、e has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechni
9、cal standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member b
10、odies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying a
11、ny or all such patent rights. ISO 4684 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 289, Leather, in collaboration with the Chemistry Commission of the International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies (IUC Commission, IULTCS), in acco
12、rdance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). It is based on IULTCS method IUC 5. IULTCS, originally formed in 1897, is a world-wide organization of professional leather societies to further the advancement of leather science and technology. IULTCS has th
13、ree Commissions, which are responsible for establishing international methods for the sampling and testing of leather. ISO recognizes IULTCS as an international standardizing body for the preparation of test methods for leather. -,-,- -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4684:2005(E) IULTCS/IUC 5:2005(E
14、) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1 Leather Chemical tests Determination of volatile matter 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method of determination of volatile matter which is applicable to all leather types. It is not possible to determine the exact moisture content of leather by this
15、method. This is because at elevated temperatures other volatile substances escape and tannins and fats can be oxidized. Some absorbed water may be left in the leather after drying. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For d
16、ated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2418, Leather Chemical, physical and mechanical and fastness tests Sampling location ISO 4044, Leather Preparation of chemical test samples 3
17、 Principle Leather samples are finely ground and dried in an oven at 102 C 2 C to constant mass. The volatile matter is expressed as the ratio of the change in mass of the sample to the initial mass before drying. 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and def
18、initions apply. 4.1 volatile matter leather loss of mass by leather when dried to constant mass at 102 C 2 C, as described in this method 5 Apparatus Usual laboratory apparatus is required and, in particular, the following. 5.1 Flat, shallow weighing vessels with ground glass stoppers, or flat open
19、dishes. NOTE Small weighing vessels with ground glass stoppers allow more accurate work to be done than do open dishes. 5.2 Oven, capable of being maintained at 102 C 2 C. 5.3 Analytical balance, weighing to an accuracy of 0,001 g. 5.4 Desiccator, suitable for cooling the weighing vessels. ISO 4684:
20、2005(E) IULTCS/IUC 5:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved 6 Sampling and preparation of samples If possible, sample in accordance with ISO 2418 and grind leather in accordance with ISO 4044. If sampling in accordance with ISO 2418 is not possible (e.g. leathers from finished products such as shoes
21、, garments), details about sampling shall be given along with the test report. 7 Procedure Weigh, to the nearest 0,001 g, an empty weighing vessel that has been dried at 102 C prior to weighing and use. Weigh, to the nearest 0,001 g, approximately 3 g of the sample into the tared weighing vessel and
22、 dry at 102 C 2 C for 5 h. Cool the vessel and contents for 30 min in a desiccator and weigh. When working with open dishes, not more than one dish should be put into a small desiccator to cool at any one time, and not more than two dishes should be put into a large desiccator. Repeat the drying, co
23、oling and weighing, but with drying times of 1 h until the further loss in mass does not exceed 3 mg (i.e. 0,1 % of the sample mass), or the total drying time equals 8 h. Record the final mass of the sample and weighing vessel, and calculate the dried mass of sample. 8 Calculation and expression of
24、results Calculate the mass fraction of the volatile matter, w, in percent. () 12 1 100 mm w m = % where m1 is the mass of the sample before drying; and m2 is the mass of the sample after drying. 9 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) the results obtained; b) a refe
25、rence to this International Standard, i.e. “ISO 4684:2005”; c) a description of the sample tested; d) details of any deviations from the procedure, or special circumstances which may have affected the results. 10 Repeatability The results of duplicate determinations should not differ by more than 0,
26、2 %, calculated on the original mass of leather. If the duplicates differ by more than 0,2 %, further repeat analysis shall be carried out. -,-,- ISO 4684:2005(E) IULTCS/IUC 5:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3 Annex A (informative) Information for leathers which contain large quantities of oxid
27、izable fats For leathers which contain large quantities of oxidizable fats, additional useful information may be gained by carrying out the following procedure. Determine the fats and other solubles by using the method described in ISO 4048 1. Determine the dry mass of the resultant dichloromethane-
28、extracted leather by drying in accordance with the procedure above. Calculate the total loss of mass, expressed as a percentage of the mass of the prepared sample taken, and subtract the percentage extractable substances, thus giving the percentage volatile matter. If this procedure is used, full de
29、tails should be included in the test report. -,-,- ISO 4684:2005(E) IULTCS/IUC 5:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved Bibliography 1 ISO 4048, Leather Determination of matter soluble in dichloromethane -,-,- -,-,- ISO 4684:2005(E) IULTCS/IUC 5:2005(E) ICS 59.140.30 Price based on 4 pages ISO 2005 All rights reserved -,-,-