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1、International Standard 526W 1 I INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATIONWlEIK,QYHAPOHAR OPl-AHM3ALWl fl0 CTAHAPTkl3AlJWORGA-NISATION INTERNATIONALE DE fiORMALISATION Pulps - Laboratory beating - Part 1 : Valley beater method P5tes - Raffinage de laboratoire - Partie 7 : Methode 2 pile Valley F
2、irst edition - 1979-07-15 UDC 676.1 : 542.67 Ref. No. ISO 5264114979 (E) Descriptors : Paper pulps, test specimen conditioning, refining, laboratory equipment. Price based on 6 pages Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technic
3、al Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/27/2007 01:04:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national Standards institutes (ISO member bodies). The work of develo
4、ping Interna- tional Standards is carried out through ISO technical committees. Every member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set up has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non- governmental, in liaison wit
5、h ISO, also take part in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the ISO Council. International Standard ISO 5264/1 was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6
6、, Paper, board and pulps, and was circulated to the member bodies in December 1977. lt has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries : Belgium Canada Chile Czechoslovakia Finland France Germany, F. R. Hungary India ran reland taly enya Vlexico Vetherlands Vorway oland 3omania Sou
7、th Africa, Rep. of Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom USA USSR No member body expressed disapproval of the document. i 0 International Organkation for Standardkation, 1979 Printed in Switzerland Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with I
8、SO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/27/2007 01:04:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5264/1-1979 (EI Pulps - Laboratory beating - Part 1 : Valley beater method 0 Introduction lt has been agreed that
9、 the ultimate aim of standardization of laboratory beating should be to develop one test method which is internationally acceptable and which, if possible, allows the energy consumption during beating to be measured. For prac- tical reasons it has not proved possible to achieve this at pre- sent. Th
10、erefore, as an interim measure, in view of the widespread use of the following methods - Valley beater, - PFI mill, - Jokro mill, it has been decided to provide agreed guidance on the use of these equipments in Order to achieve consistency of results with each instrument. While all three methods wil
11、l show a similar trend in respect of the pulp tested, the actual results cannot be correlated between different types of beater). The Position will be kept under review, and the methods will be replaced by a Single method as soon as practicable. 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method
12、, using a Valley beater, for the laboratory beating of pulp. The description is limited to the furnishing and beating of the stock, the withdrawal and distribution of samples, and the beating equip- ment. The beating is a preliminary step in testing the physical ties of Pulp. Part 2 specifies a meth
13、od of laboratory beating using a and Part 3 a method using a Jokro mill. 2 Field of application proper- PFI mill In principle, this method is applicable to all kinds of pulp. NOTE - In practice, the method may not give satisfactory results with certain extremely long-fibred pulps, such as cotton lin
14、ters. 3 References ISO 638, Pulps - Determination of dv matter content. ISO 4119, Pulps - Determination o f stock concen tra tion (Rapid method). ISO 5263, Pulps - Laboratory wet disintegration. 4 Principle A measured amount of pulp of specified stock concentration is beaten between the bars of the
15、roll and the bedplate of a Valley beater. Samples of beaten pulp are taken at intervals during the beating. 5 Apparatus and auxiliary materials Ordinary laboratoty equipment and 5.1 Valley beater, as described in annex A. 5.2 Timer. 5.3 Balance, capable of weighing the Sample to an error of less tha
16、n 1 g. 5.4 Distilled water, or deionized water, or water of similar quality. NOTE - Distilled water, or water of similar quality, is particularly recommended with a view to obviating any difficulties that might arise from the use of different qualities of water by the interested Parties. 6 Preparati
17、on of Sample If the pulp is wet or air-dry, weigh out a Sample for dry matter determination in accordance with ISO 638. If the pulp is in slush form, determine the dry matter content in accordance with ISO 4119. 1) Should one of the three methods listed become the future Standard method, that one of
18、 the methods should be Chosen which works in the most economical way and yields the highest reproducibility of results obtained in different laboratories. At present, some countries are of the opinion that the PFI mill described in ISO 5264/2 meets these requirements best of all. Copyright Internati
19、onal Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/27/2007 01:04:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Take an amount of the pulp corresponding to 360 + 5 g of oven-dry
20、pulp (do not tut the pulp, and avoid the use of tut edges). If the Sample is in the form of machine-dried sheets or flash-dried slabs, soak the pulp thoroughly in 5 litres of water (sec 5.4) at room temperature for not less than 4 h. Tear the soaked pulp into pieces approximately 25 mm x 25 mm in si
21、ze. lt is essential that the pulp be thoroughly softened by soaking, to ensure that the preliminary disintegration results in a minimal beating effect. Wet pulps may be disintegrated without soaking. 7 Procedure 7.1 Disintegration The preliminary disintegration is effected in the Valley beater (5.1)
22、 itself. Lower the bedplate, and clamp it in the lowered Position, so that the clearance between the roll and bedplate bars is at least 10 mm. Close the outlet of the beater tub with a stopper. Fill the tub with 18 litres of water (5.4) at 20 AI 5 OC, and Start the motor. Slowly add, over a period o
23、f 3 to 5 min, the pulp and the water used for wetting it. The total volume of pulp and water should be 23,0 + 0,2 litres, to give a pulp concentration of ap- proximately 1,57 % (mlm). Disintegrate the pulp with the bedplate still fixed in its lowered Position. Free any pieces of pulp caught behind t
24、he roll or the adjacent shield, by moving the lever arm of the bedplate rapidly once or twice up and down during the course of disintegration. Pulps with an initial dry matter content of 20 % (mlm) or more normally disintegrate within 30 min after addition of all the pulp to the beater tub. Pulps wi
25、th less than 20 % (mlm) dry matter content should disintegrate within 5 min. NOTES 1 Where necessary for climatic reasons, a temperature of 25 + 5 OC may be applied, provided that this is noted in the test report. 2 Ensure that the pulp is completely disintegrated. Pulps that are dif- ficult to disi
26、ntegrate, such as unbleached sulphate pulp, may require a time exceeding 30 min for disintegration. 3 A Sample disintegrated as described above may not be regarded as a Sample of unbeaten pulp disintegrated in accordance with ISO 5263. 4 Hands must not be placed inside the beater while it is running
27、. 7.2 Beating Beating conditions : Load on the lever arm : 54 + 1 N Rotational frequency of the roll : 8,3 + 0,2 s- 1 Check that the load on the bedplate lever is as specified, release the lever, and Start the timer (5.2). Without interruption of the beating process, and without removal of the bedpl
28、ate load, withdraw a total of five stock samples of 1 200 ml (18,8 g of fibres, oven-dry basis), distributed over the range of beating re- quired. The following is an example of a schedule for Sample removal : Bleached and unbleached sulphite pulps, straw pulps and hardwood alkaline pulps : 5, 10, 1
29、5,20,30 min Bleached softwood alkaline pulps : 5, 15,30,45,60 min Unbleached softwood alkaline and other slow-beating Pulps 5, 15,30,60,90 min NOTES 1 Even if the quantity of pulp withdrawn is not necessarily all used for testing, it is necessary that the stated quantity of pulp be withdrawn at the
30、periods adopted. lt tan be expected that a Change in the volume removed will Change the rate of beating. 2 After beating, clean the beater thoroughly with water and, if necessary, with a pitch solvent, with due consideration being given to the rubber diaphragm. 3 If pulps are normally beaten to “Can
31、adian Standard” freeness number values below 300, or to Schopper-Riegler number values above 40, frequent Checks should be made of the calibration of the beater. 4 If the drainability is measured, this should be done with a minimum of delay. 8 Test report The test report shall include the following
32、particulars : a) the reference to this International Standard; b) all the indications necessary for complete identification of the Sample; c) the time used for preliminary disintegration; d) the time used for beating; e) the results obtained in the drainability test, if made (see note 4 to 7.2); f)
33、any unusual features observed in the course of the pro- cedure; g) any operations not specified in this International Stan- dard or in the International Standards to which reference is made, or regarded as optional, which might have affected the results. Copyright International Organization for Stan
34、dardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/27/2007 01:04:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- so 5264/1-1979 (El Annex A Vaiiey Beater (sec the figure) The bars of the roll and bedplate
35、are made of stainless steel. The bedplate has a Brinell hardness of 325 to 375 HB, and the roll flybars 350 to 400 HB. The diameter of the roll is 168 mm; with the 32 flybars inserted, it is 190 to 194 mm. The thickness of each flybar is 4,7 mm, and the width of the roll 152 mm. The bedplate has 7 b
36、ars set in lead, each 3,2 mm thick and 2,4 mm apart. The grooves between the bars are filled with Strips of kiln-dried white oak. The bars are rectangular in cross- section and bent in the shape of a V with the apex of the V pointing in the flow direction of the stock, and the arms of the V forming
37、an angle of 5O with the direction of the roll axis. The width of the bedplate is 159 mm; it is ground to the same cur- vature as the roll. The bedplate and the bottom of the beater tub are connected by a diaphragm of soft, elastic rubber, of thickness approx- imately 1,5 mm, installed in such a way
38、that there is no tension in the diaphragm when the bedplate and beater roll are in contact. The bedplate is pressed against the roll by means of a lever; the ratio between the lever arms is 1,94 to 1; a load of 5 500 gf, obtained by using suitable weights applied to the longer arm then produces a fo
39、rte of 105 N on the bedplate. The roll is run at a rotational frequency of 8.3 + 0,2 s- and may conve- niently be driven by a motor of approximately 400 W by a belt drive. The beater tub is provided with bolts for fixing the bedplate lever during grinding. The bedplate is balanced so that it is in e
40、quilibrium with 23,0 litres of water in the beater when the beater is running. An ex- tremely small forte will then bring the roll and bedplate into contact. To ensure reproducible beating, the following conditions shall be fulfilled : a) The beater roll shall run smoothly, without irregular vibrati
41、ons. b) All the roll and bedplate bars shall make contact throughout their width. c) The threshold formed by the first bar of the bedplate, and the depth of grooves between the bedplate bars, shall be 1,0 + 0,2 mm. d) The leading edge of the flybars shall be rounded to a radius of approximately 0,2
42、to 0,3 mm. e) All the bars shall be clean, undamaged and free from deposits and corrosion. 3 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/27/2007 01:04:53 MDTNo reproduction or networ
43、king permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 5264/1-1979 (E) Annex B Calibration of the Valley beater The following calibration procedure is designed to bring the beater to a condition which will remain stable during repeated use, and maintain reproducible laboratory sheet properties at a given
44、 beating degree, within a narrow range of beating times. This alignment and stabilization procedure shall be applied a) when a new beater is taken into use; b) when a carbon Paper impression indicates a serious misalignment between the bedplate bars and the beater roll; c) after the installation of
45、a new bedplate assembly, rub- ber diaphragm, beater roll or roll bearing. B.1 Auxiliary materials B.l.l Pulp, suitable for grinding purposes. B.1.2 Silicon carbide powder, 125 Pm and 45 Pm. B.1.3 Carbon Paper, placed between two Paper sheets to give a total thickness of 0,15 mm. BA.4 Suitable hone.1
46、) BA.5 Light machine Oil. B.1.6 Reference pulp, kept for checking purposes and stored sufficiently long to avoid further changes in the pulp. The reference pulp should preferably be of the same type as that normally beaten in the beating equipment concerned. B.2 Alignment grinding Before calibration
47、, check the beater roll and flybars to ensure that they are not loose. The beater roll shall be checked; if out of round, it shall be ground on a grinder or lathe. By reason of the Change in beater geometry, flybars shall be replaced if they have worn down by more than 2 mm, i.e. if the diameter of
48、the roll is less than 190 mm. New bedplate bar assemblies, and beaters which have been dried out, shall be soaked with water for at least 24 h, to permit the wooden spacers to swell. Bedplate bars shall be replaced when they have worn below 3,2 mm. Before calibration, the bedplate and diaphragm shal
49、l be remov- ed and inspected. Scrape the excess mounting metal from the leading edge of the bedplate bars, to a depth of 1,0 + 0,2 mm, thus producing a 1,0 or vibrates excessively b) the beater control limit. gives test results that fall outside the normal If this is not the case, proceed as follows : - - . If the beater develops drainage properties too slowly, condition it with 420 g (ap