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1、 Reference number ISO 17561:2002(E) ISO 2002 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17561 First edition 2002-03-01 Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Test method for elastic moduli of monolithic ceramics at room temperature by sonic resonance Cramiques techniques Mthode dessai des mo
2、dules dlasticit des cramiques monolithiques, temprature ambiante, par rsonance acoustique Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 01:40:03 MDTNo reproduction or networkin
3、g permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 17561:2002(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on th
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6、rm the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2002 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from e
7、ither ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2002 All rights reserved Copyright International
8、 Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 01:40:03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 17561:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the I
9、nternational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
10、has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnica
11、l standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bod
12、ies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for i
13、dentifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 17561 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 01:40:03 MDTNo
14、reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 01:40:03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without li
15、cense from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17561:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1 Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Test method for elastic moduli of monolithic ceramics at room temperature by sonic resonance 1 Scope This International Standard describes the m
16、ethod of test for determining the dynamic elastic moduli of fine ceramics at room temperature by sonic resonance. This International Standard is for fine ceramics that are elastic, homogeneous and isotropic. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through r
17、eference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of a
18、pplying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 3611, Micrometer callipers for external mea
19、surement ISO 6906, Vernier callipers reading to 0,02 mm 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 dynamic elastic moduli adiabatic elastic moduli, which are dynamic Youngs modulus, shear modulus and Poissons ratio NOTE Adi
20、abatic elastic moduli are obtained by the sonic resonance method. 3.1.1 Youngs modulus (E) elastic modulus in tension or compression /E = where E is Youngs modulus in pascals; is the tension or compression stress in pascals; is the tension or compression strain. 3.1.2 shear modulus (G) elastic modul
21、us in shear or torsion /G = Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 01:40:03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 17561:2002(E) 2
22、 ISO 2002 All rights reserved where G is the shear modulus in pascals; is the shear or torsional stress in pascals; is the shear or torsional strain. 3.1.3 Poissons ratio () ratio of transverse strain to the corresponding axial strain resulting from uniformly distributed axial stress below the propo
23、rtional limit of the material NOTE In isotropic materials, Youngs modulus (E), shear modulus (G) and Poissons ratio () are related by the following equation: /(2 )1EG= 3.2 Vibrations 3.2.1 flexural vibrations those vibrations apparent when the oscillation in a slender bar is in plane normal to the l
24、ength dimension NOTE Also defined as vibrations in a flexural mode. 3.2.2 torsional vibrations those vibrations apparent when the oscillation in each cross-section plane of a slender bar is such that the plane twists around the length dimension axis NOTE Also defined as vibrations in a torsional mod
25、e. 3.3 resonance the state if, when a slender bar driven into one of the above modes of vibration, the imposed frequency is such that the resultant displacements for a given amount of driving force are at a maximum NOTE The resonant frequencies are natural vibration frequencies which are determined
26、by the elastic modulus, mass and dimensions of the test piece. 4 Summary of test method This test method measures the flexural or torsional frequencies of test specimens of rectangular prism or cylindrical geometry by exciting them at continuously variable frequencies. Mechanical excitation of the s
27、pecimens is provided through the use of a transducer that transforms a cyclic electrical signal into a cyclic mechanical force on the test piece. A second transducer senses the resulting mechanical vibrations of the test piece and transforms them into an electrical signal. The amplitude and the freq
28、uency of the signal are measured by an oscilloscope or other means to detect resonance. The peak response is obtained at the resonant frequency. The fundamental resonant frequencies, dimensions and mass of the specimen are used to calculate the dynamic elastic moduli. The Youngs modulus is determine
29、d from the flexural resonance frequency, and the shear modulus is determined from the torsional resonance frequency, together with the test piece dimensions and mass. Poissons ratio is determined from the Youngs modulus and the shear modulus. Copyright International Organization for Standardization
30、Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 01:40:03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 17561:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 3 5 Apparatus 5.1 General There are various techniques th
31、at may be used to determine the resonant frequency of the test piece. The test piece may be excited by direct mechanical contact of a vibrator, or it may be suspended by a wire from a vibrator. It may be driven electromagnetically by attaching thin foils of magnetic material to one surface, or elect
32、rostatically by attaching an electrode to one surface. One example of the test apparatus is shown in Figure 1. The driving circuit consists of an oscillator, an amplifier, a driver and a frequency counter. The detecting circuit consists of a detector, an amplifier and an oscilloscope. Figure 1 shows
33、 the suspension style of the apparatus. The direct contact support style of the test apparatus, shown in Figure 2, is also possible. It consists of a variable-frequency audio oscillator, used to generate a sinusoidal voltage, and a power amplifier and suitable transducer to convert the electrical si
34、gnal to a mechanical driving vibration. A frequency meter (preferably digital) monitors the audio oscillator output to provide accurate frequency determination. A suitable suspension coupling system supports the test piece. A transducer detector acts to detect mechanical vibration in the specimen an
35、d to convert it into an electrical signal which is passed through an amplifier and displayed on an indicating meter. The meter may be a voltmeter, a microammeter or an oscilloscope. An oscilloscope is recommended because it enables the operator to positively identify resonances, including higher ord
36、er harmonics, by Lissajous figure analysis. If a Lissajous figure is desired, the output of the oscillator is also coupled to the horizontal plates of the oscilloscope. Key 1 Frequency counter 2 Oscillator 3 Amplifier 4 Driver 5 Oscilloscope 6 Detector 7 Suspending string Figure 1 Example of the tes
37、t apparatus and the suspension for fundamental flexural resonance Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 01:40:03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without lice
38、nse from IHS -,-,- ISO 17561:2002(E) 4 ISO 2002 All rights reserved Key 1 Driving 2 Detecting 3 Flexural Figure 2 Example of the direct contact support of the test piece for fundamental flexural resonance 5.2 Oscillator The oscillator shall be able to vary the frequency from 100 Hz to 20 kHz, with a
39、 frequency resolution of 1 Hz and a maximum frequency drift of 1 Hz/min. 5.3 Amplifier The audio amplifier shall have a power output sufficient to ensure that the type of transducer used can excite any specimen the mass of which falls within a specified range. A power amplifier in the detector circu
40、it shall be impedance-matched with the type of detector transducer selected and shall serve as a prescope amplifier. 5.4 Driver The driver shall be able to convert electrical vibration to mechanical vibration. The frequency response of the driver transducer across the frequency range of interest sha
41、ll have at least a 6,5 kHz bandwidth before 3 dB power loss occurs. NOTE For flexibility in testing, the bandwidth can, with advantage, be at least as large as the frequency range given in Table 1. 5.5 Detector The detector shall generate a voltage proportional to the amplitude, velocity or accelera
42、tion of the mechanical vibration of the specimen. The frequency response of the detector across the frequency range of interest shall have at least a 6.5 kHz bandwidth before a 3 dB power loss occurs. NOTE For flexibility in testing, the bandwidth can, with advantage, be at least as large as the fre
43、quency range given in Table 1. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 01:40:03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 17561:2002(E
44、) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 5 Table 1 Examples of the test piece size and the calculated resonant frequencies Where the density = 3 g/cm3 L b (d) t E = 200 GPa = 0,25 E = 300 GPa = 0,25 E = 400 GPa = 0,25 75 15 3 ff = 4 453 Hz ft = 12 706 Hz 5 453 Hz 15 561 Hz 6 297 Hz 17 969 Hz 100 20 2 ff = 1 6
45、76 Hz ft = 5 016 Hz 2 053 Hz 6 143 Hz 2 371 Hz 7 094 Hz 75 20 2 ff = 2 977 Hz ft = 6 688 Hz 3 646 Hz 8 191 Hz 4 210 Hz 9 458 Hz Where the density = 6 g/cm3 L b (d) t E = 200 GPa = 0,25 E = 300 GPa = 0,25 E = 400 GPa = 0,25 75 15 3 ff = 3 148 Hz ft = 8 984 Hz 3 856 Hz 11 004 Hz 4 453 Hz 12 706 Hz 100
46、 20 2 ff = 1 185 Hz ft = 3 547 Hz 1 452 Hz 4 344 Hz 1 676 Hz 5 016 Hz 75 20 2 ff = 2 105 Hz ft = 4 729 Hz 2 578 Hz 5 792 Hz 2 977 Hz 6 688 Hz where L is the length in millimetres; b is the width in millimetres; d is the diameter in millimetres; t is the thickness in millimetres. 5.6 Frequency counte
47、r The frequency counter, preferably digital, shall be able to measure frequencies to within 1 Hz. 5.7 Specimen suspension means Any method of specimen support shall be used that permits the free vibration of the test piece with no significant effect on the vibration frequencies. Test pieces are comm
48、only supported either by suspension from threads or wires, or on direct contact supports. If the test piece is to be supported from beneath, the support shall be made of rubber, cork or similar material, and shall have a minimum contact area with the test piece. If the test piece is suspended from the driving and detecting transducers, fine thread or metal wires shall be used. The vibrating mass of the sus