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1、 Reference number ISO 22475-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22475-1 First edition 2006-09-15 Geotechnical investigation and testing Sampling methods and groundwater measurements Part 1: Technical principles for execution Reconnaissance et essais gotechniques Mthodes de prlvement et mes
2、urages pizomtriques Partie 1: Principes techniques des travaux Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/03/2007 20:54:55 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without l
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6、etariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the ad
7、dress below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization f
8、or Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/03/2007 20:54:55 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 22475-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword. vi
9、i Introduction. viii 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 3.1 Site investigation methods 2 3.2 Drilling rigs and equipment . 3 3.3 Sampling 3 3.4 Groundwater measurements. 8 4 Drilling rigs and ancillary equipment 10 4.1 General. 10 4.2 Requirements for the drilling rigs
10、and equipment 10 4.3 Equipment scope 10 5 General requirements prior to sampling and groundwater measurements. 11 5.1 General. 11 5.2 Selection of techniques and methods 11 5.3 Requirements for ground investigation sites and points. 11 5.4 Preliminary information needed before starting sampling and
11、groundwater measurements. 12 5.5 Backfilling and site abandonment 13 5.6 Safety and special requirements. 13 6 Soil sampling methods. 13 6.1 General. 13 6.2 Categories of soil sampling methods. 13 6.3 Sampling by drilling (continuous sampling) 14 6.4 Sampling using samplers 20 6.5 Block sampling . 2
12、7 7 Rock sampling methods 29 7.1 General. 29 7.2 Categories for rock sampling methods 29 7.3 Sampling by drilling 32 7.4 Block sampling . 33 7.5 Integral sampling 33 8 Groundwater sampling methods for geotechnical purposes 33 8.1 General. 33 8.2 Equipment . 34 8.3 Techniques of groundwater sampling
13、34 9 Groundwater measuring stations and piezometers 35 9.1 General. 35 9.2 Piezometers. 36 9.3 Installation of piezometers 40 9.4 Maintenance 43 9.5 Decommissioning. 44 10 Groundwater measurements. 44 10.1 Calibration . 44 10.2 Performance of the measurements. 44 Copyright International Organization
14、 for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/03/2007 20:54:55 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 22475-1:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reserved 11 Handling, transport an
15、d storage of samples45 11.1 General.45 11.2 Preservation materials and sample containers .46 11.3 Handling of samples.46 11.4 Labelling of samples.47 11.5 Transport of samples47 11.6 Preparation of storage and shipping containers.49 11.7 Storage of samples.50 12 Report.50 12.1 Field report.50 12.2 R
16、eport of the results.56 Annex A (informative) Example of a form for the preliminary information on the intended sampling and groundwater measurements58 Annex B (informative) Field reports60 Annex C (informative) Drilling and sampling equipment for soil and rock 69 Annex D (informative) Vacuum bottle
17、s for groundwater sampling.115 Annex E (informative) Protective measures of piezometers117 Bibliography .119 Figures Figure 1 Definitions of the diameters D1, D2, D3 and D45 Figure 2 Application of fracture state terms for rock cores6 Figure 3 Lengths of core run and sample.7 Figure 4 Examples of op
18、en-tube samplers (OS) for recovering samples from boreholes24 Figure 5 Schematic thin-walled stationary piston sampler (PS) for sampling from borehole bottom26 Figure 6 Examples of open systems .36 Figure 7 Examples of closed systems 38 Figure 8 Closed system with filter pack and sealing in a boreho
19、le .42 Figure 9 Examples of sealing and securing samples48 Figure 10 Example of the configuration of an open groundwater measuring system.55 Figure C.1 Drill rods and casing 69 Figure C.2 Drill rods taper threaded “Y” series72 Figure C.3 Drill rods taper threaded “J” series72 Figure C.4 Corebarrels
20、“metric” series, according to ISO 3552-177 Figure C.5 Corebarrels “W” series, according to ISO 3551-1.79 Figure C.6 Corebarrels “W” series, according to ISO 3551-1.80 Figure C.7 Wireline corebarrel assembly.81 Figure C.8 Geotechnical wireline corebarrel (inner and outer tube assembly)83 Figure C.9 W
21、ater-well casing with flush butt joints, according to BS 879 85 Figure C.10 Water-well casing with screwed and socketed joints, according to BS 87985 Figure C.11 Three-cone milled tooth rock bit.88 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licens
22、ee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/03/2007 20:54:55 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 22475-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved v Figure C.12 Tungsten carbide button bit 88 Figure C.13 Typical corebarrel lifters 90 Figure
23、C.14 Typical sampler retainers 91 Figure C.15 Thin wall sampler (Shelby tube) . 92 Figure C.16 Hydraulic piston sampler. 93 Figure C.17 Stationary piston sampler with a 50-mm diameter liner Sampling category A. 94 Figure C.18 Stationary piston sampler with a 50-mm liner Parts 96 Figure C.19 Stationa
24、ry piston sampler with a 50-mm diameter liner Sampling categories A and B 97 Figure C.20 U100 Sampler 98 Figure C.21 Standard penetration test (SPT) samplers. 99 Figure C.22 Typical automatic trip hammer . 100 Figure C.23 Window and windowless samplers 101 Figure C.24 Clay cutter and shell (bailer)
25、. 102 Figure C.25 Sectional shell 103 Figure C.26 Chisels and stubber . 104 Figure C.27 Continuous flight auger. 105 Figure C.28 Augers with diameters between 36 mm and 100 mm Sampling category C . 106 Figure C.29 Hollow stem auger 107 Figure C.30 Examples of sampling from trial pits . 108 Figure C.
26、31 Recovering samples from trial pits Example 109 Figure C.32 Example for a thin-walled open-tube sampler. 110 Figure C.33 Example for a thick-walled open-tube sampler. 111 Figure C.34 Example of sampling from borehole bottom using a large sampler (Sherbrooke block sampler). 112 Figure C.35 Method o
27、f sampling using a Laval sampler. 114 Figure D.1 Equipment for vacuum bottle sampling. 116 Figure E.1 Example of termination of an open piezometer above ground level. 117 Figure E.2 Example of termination of an open piezometer below ground level. 118 Tables Table 1 Quality classes of soil samples fo
28、r laboratory testing and sampling categories to be used 14 Table 2 Sampling by drilling in soils. 16 Table 3 Soil sampling using samplers 21 Table 4 Examples on sampling methods with respect to the sampling category in different soils 28 Table 5 Soil sampling using samplers 31 Table C.1 Drill rods a
29、nd casing “W”-series according to ISO 3551-1 70 Table C.2 Drill rods and casing “metric” series according to ISO 3552-1 71 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/03/2007 2
30、0:54:55 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 22475-1:2006(E) vi ISO 2006 All rights reserved Table C.3 Drill rods taper threaded “Y” series.72 Table C.4 Drill rods taper threaded “J” series72 Table C.5 Corebarrels “W” series, according to ISO 3551-1.73 Table
31、C.6 Corebarrels “metric” series, according to ISO 3552-1.74 Table C.7 Air flush corebarrels 75 Table C.8 Drill rods and casing76 Table C.9 Corebarrels “metric” series, according to ISO 3552-1.78 Table C.10 Wireline drill rod dimensions.82 Table C.11 Wireline corebarrel dimensions82 Table C.12 Geotec
32、hnical wireline corebarrel drill pipe dimensions.84 Table C.13 Geotechnical wireline corebarrel dimensions.84 Table C.14 Dimensions of water-well casings with flush butt joints .85 Table C.15 Dimensions of water-well casings with screwed and socketed joints.85 Table C.16 Bit selection chart 86 Table
33、 C.17 Core bit profiles Diamond set, impregnated, TC and PCD87 Table C.18 Three-cone milled tooth rock bit.88 Table C.19 Tungsten carbide button bit89 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie
34、Not for Resale, 04/03/2007 20:54:55 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 22475-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved vii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodi
35、es). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
36、non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, P
37、art 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casti
38、ng a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 22475-1 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Com
39、mittee CEN/TC 341, Geotechnical investigation and testing, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 182, Geotechnics, Subcommittee SC 1, Geotechnical investigation and testing, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). ISO 22475-1 consi
40、sts of the following parts, under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing Sampling methods and groundwater measurements: Part 1: Technical principles for execution Part 2: Qualification criteria for enterprises and personnel Part 3: Conformity assessment of enterprises and personnel
41、 by third party Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/03/2007 20:54:55 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 22475-1:2006(E) viii
42、ISO 2006 All rights reserved Introduction ISO 22475-1 specifies the technical principles for the execution of sampling and groundwater measurements for geotechnical purposes. The quality of these services can be proven by: a) a declaration of conformity by a contractor (first party control); b) a de
43、claration of conformity by a client (second party control); c) a declaration of conformity by a conformity assessment body (third party control). Every enterprise or individual may decide, if and how they will prove the fulfilment of the technically related criteria: by first, second or third party
44、control because no part of ISO 22475 requires such a declaration. ISO/TS 22475-2 specifies the qualification criteria for enterprises and personnel that perform sampling and groundwater measurements according to ISO 22475-1. The conformity assessment by third party control can be made according to t
45、he technical principles for execution of sampling and groundwater measurements specified in ISO 22475-1, as indicated in ISO/TS 22475-2, and in the conformity assessment procedure given in ISO/TS 22475-3. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO
46、 Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/03/2007 20:54:55 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22475-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1 Geotechnical investigation and testing Sampling methods and gr
47、oundwater measurements Part 1: Technical principles for execution 1 Scope This part of ISO 22475 deals with the technical principles of sampling of soil, rock and groundwater, and with groundwater measurements, in the context of geotechnical investigation and testing, as described in EN 1997-1 and E
48、N 1997-2. The aims of such ground investigations are: a) to recover soil and rock samples of a quality sufficient to assess the general suitability of a site for geotechnical engineering purposes and to determine the required soil and rock characteristics in the laboratory; b) to obtain information on the sequence, thicknes