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1、International Standard Descriptors : road vehicles, motorcycles, spark ignition engines, exhaust emissions, pollutant gases, tests, chemical tests, performance cycle, f test equipment. z Price based on 14 pages Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license wi
2、th ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 09:20:52 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards institutes (IS0 member
3、 bodies). The work of developing Inter- national Standards is carried out through IS0 technical committees. Every member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set up has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-g
4、overnmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the IS0 Council. International Standard IS0 8480 was developed by Tec
5、hnical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, and was circulated to the member bodies in June 1979. It has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries : Austria Japan Spain Belgium Korea, Dem. P. Rep. of Sweden Chile Korea, Rep. of Switzerland Czechoslovakia Netherlands United Kingdom
6、 France Poland USSR Germany, F.R. Romania Italy South Africa, Rep. of No member body expressed disapproval of the document. This International Standard incorporates draft Addendum 1 to draft International Stan- dard ISO/DIS 8480, which was circulated to the member bodies in January 1980 and which ha
7、s been approved by the member bodies of the following countries : Australia Austria Belgium Bulgaria Chile China Czechoslovakia Egypt, Arab Rep. of France Germany, F.R. South Africa, Rep. of Italy Spain Japan Sweden Korea, Dem. P. Rep. of Switzerland Korea, Rep. of United Kingdom Mexico USA Netherla
8、nds USSR Poland Romania The member body of the following country expressed disapproval of the document on technical grounds : Brazil 0 International Organization for Standardization, 1981 0 Printed in Switzerland Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license
9、with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 09:20:52 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONALSTANDARD IS0 6460-1981 (E) Road vehicles - Measurement method of gaseous pollutants emitted by motorcycles equipped with
10、a controlled ignition engine 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard specifies methods of measurement for gaseous pollutants emitted by motorcycles as defined in IS0 3933, equipped with a 4-stroke, a 2stroke or a rotary con- trolled ignition engine. It defines a driving cycle in
11、 accordance with the requirements of different types of motorcycles and provides specifications of the collecting methods for gaseous pollutants, a measuring system and a test bench. 2 References IS0 3633, Road vehicles - Types - Terms and definitions. ISOITR 6970, Road vehicles - Pollution tests fo
12、r motorcycles and mopeds - Chassis dynamometer (bench).) CEC Specification RF-05-T-76. CEC Specification RF-05-T-77. 3 Definitions 3.1 motorcycle kerb weight : Motorcycle total unladen weight, the motorcycle being filled with fuel in such a way that the normal container for fuel is filled to at leas
13、t 90 % of the capacity specified by the manufacturer and being fitted with tool kit and spare wheel (if it is obligatory). 3.2 reference weight of the motorcycle : The weight cor- responding to the motorcycle kerb weight (see 3.11, increased by a uniform figure corresponding to a mass of 75 kg. NOTE
14、 - The terms “weight” and “load” have been retained in this International Standard in place of the correct term “mass” as a conces- sion to the continued current use of these terms by certain legislative bodies. 3.3 equivalent inertia : The total inertia of the rotating masses of the test bench dete
15、rmined with respect to the reference weight of the motorcycle (see 3.2). 3.4 gaseous pollutants : Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides. 4 Tests The motorcycle shall be subjected, according to its category, to tests of three types : 4.1 Type 1 test Measurement of the average exhaust gas
16、pollutants emitted by a motorcycle fitted with a controlled ignition engine during a conventional driving cycle. 4.1.1 The motorcycle shall be placed on a roller bench equip- ped with a brake and an inertia simulation system. A test shall include four cycles as described in 5.1 carried out without a
17、 break. During the test, the exhaust emissions are diluted with air to a constant volumetric flow rate of the mixture. Part of the mix- ture shall be collected continuously and stored in a bag and then analysed for the determination of the average concentra- tion of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and
18、 nitrogen oxides. 4.1.2 The test shall be carried out in accordance with the method described in clause 5. 4.2 Type 2 test Measurement of the emissions of the exhaust gases at idling speed. The test shall be carried out in accordance with the method described in clause 6. 4.3 Type 3 test21 Verifying
19、 emissions of crank-case gases. Existing knowledge does not permit definition of a method of measurement of the mass of the hydrocarbons contained in the crank-case gases not recycled by the engine. 1) At present at the stage of draft. 2) This method will be the subject of a later addendum 1 Copyrig
20、ht International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 09:20:52 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 8480-1981 (El 5 Measurement of the average exhaust
21、 gas pollutants emitted by a motorcycle equipped with a controlled ignition engine during a conventional driving cycle (Type 1 test) 5.1 Operating cycle on the roller bench 5.1.1 Description of the cycle The operating cycle on the roller bench shall be that indicated in table 1 and depicted in the g
22、raph in figure 1 .I) 5.1.2 General conditions under which the cycle is carried out Preliminary testing cycles should be carried out, if necessary, to determine how best to actuate the throttle, gear box, clutch and brake controls so as to achieve a cycle approximating to the theoretical cycle within
23、 the prescribed limits. 5.1.2.1 If the acceleration of the motorcycle is sufficient, the theoretical cycle described in 5.1.1 shall be carried out. 5.1.2.2 If the acceleration of the motorcycle is not sufficient to carry out the acceleration phases within the prescribed limits of tolerances, the mot
24、orcycle shall be driven with the throttle No. of Jperation 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 fully open until the speed prescribed for the cycle is reached and the cycle shall then be carried out normally. 5.1.3 Use of the gear box The use of the gear box shall be as specified by the manufac- turer
25、; however, in the absence of such instructions, the follow- ing points shall be taken into account. 5.1.3.1 Manual change gear box During each phase at constant speed, the rotating speed of the engine shall be, if possible, between 50 and 90 % of the speed corresponding to the maximum power of the e
26、ngine. When this speed can be reached in two or more gears, the motorcycle shall be tested with the higher gear engaged. During acceleration, the motorcycle shall be tested in whichever gear is appropriate to the acceleration imposed by the cycle. A higher gear shall be engaged at the latest when th
27、e rotating speed is equal to 110 % of the speed corresponding to the maximum power of the engine. During deceleration, a lower gear shall be engaged before the engine starts to idle roughly, at the latest when the engine revolutions are equal to 30 % of the speed corresponding to the maximum power o
28、f the engine. No change down to first gear shall be effected during deceleration. Table 1 - Operating cycle on the roller bench Operation Idling Acceleration Constant speed Deceleration Deceleration, clutch disengaged Idling Acceleration Constant speed Deceleration Deceleration, clutch disengaged Id
29、ling Acceleration Constant speed Deceleration Constant speed Deceleration Deceleration, clutch disengaged Idling ? PM = gear in neutral, clutch engaged K = clutch disengaged hase 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Icceleratior m/s2 1,04 0,69 - 0.92 0,74 - 0.75 - 0,92 0,53 - 0,52 - 0,68 - 0.92 I Speed km/h oto 15 1
30、5 15 to 1c 10 to 0 0 to 32 32 32 to 10 10 to 0 0 to 50 50 50 to 35 35 35 to 10 10 to 0 T Duration of each T operation S 11 4 8 2 3 21 12 24 8 3 21 26 12 8 13 9 3 7 ph 1 5 21 12 24 1 I 1 7 2 2 1 1 I 1 1 2 7 - - last S 11 4 8 Zumu. lative time S 11 15 23 25 28 49 61 85 93 96 117 143 155 163 176 185 18
31、8 195 Gear to be used in the case of a manual shift 6sPM5sK prescribed I by the manufacturer Distance covered m 0 8 34 7 K 16sPM5sK I prescribed by the manufacturer 4 0 54 214 48 K 16sPM5sK prescribed by the manufacturer prescribed by the manufacturer 4 0 183 167 95 127 64 lL K 4 7sPM 0 TOTAL 1 013
32、II If another operating cycle is used, this fact must be stated in the results. 2 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 09:20:52 MDTNo reproduction or networking permit
33、ted without license from IHS -,-,- 35 32 15 10 -_ - Speed (ic 1 km/h) and time ( f 0.5 s) tolerances are combined geometrically for each point, as shown in the inset. K = Declutching PM = Neutral point R = Idling 11 4 823 21 12 24 8 3 21 26 12 8 1393 7 Sequence times 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
34、 15 16 17 18 Sequence numbers 11 485 21 12 24 11 21 26 12 8 13 12 7 Partial phase times Figure 1 - Operating cycle on the roller bench (Type 1 test) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for
35、Resale, 04/21/2007 09:20:52 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 6460-1981 (El 5.1.3.2 Automatic gear box and torque converter The position “drive” shall be used 5.1.4 Tolerances 5.1.4.1 A tolerance of + 1 km/h on the theoretical speed shall be allowed during
36、 acceleration, during steady speed, and during deceleration. If the motorcycle decelerates more rapidly without the use of the brakes, the specifications of 5.5.5.3 shall apply. Speed tolerances greater than those prescribed shall be ac- cepted during phase changes provided that the tolerances are n
37、ever exceeded for more than 0.5 s on any one occasion. 5.1.4.2 The time tolerance shall be * 0,5 s. 5.1.4.3 The speed and time tolerances shall be combined as indicated in figure 1. 5.2 Engine fuel and lubricants For the test, either the reference fuel CEC RF-05-T-77 or the reference fuel CEC RF-05-
38、T-76 shall be used. The lubrication of the engine, including engines lubricated by mixture, shall com- ply, as to grade and quantity of oil, with the manufacturers recommendation. 5.3 Test equipment 5.3.1 Roller bench The main characteristics of the roller bench are as follows) : - Number of points
39、of contact between tyrets) and roller(s) : one to each driven wheel - Roller diameter : 400 mm - Roller surface : polished metallic - Equation of the power absorption curve : The power absorbed by the brake and the internal fric- tions of the bench should be: - 0 CO, is the concentration of carbon m
40、onoxide, measured in parts per million, in the sample of diluted gases contained in bag SA, CO, is the concentration of carbon monoxide, measured in parts per million, in the sample of diluent air collected in bag SB, DF is the coefficient defined below: V is the total volume of diluted gas, express
41、ed in cubic metres per minute, adjusted to the reference conditions of 273 K and 1 013 mbar 273 v = v, x N Pa - Pi 273 + T, x1o13 where V, is the volume of gas displaced by pump Pl during one revolution, expressed in cubic metres per revolution. This volume is a function of the differences be- tween
42、 the intake and output sections of the pump; N is the number of revolutions made by pump PI during the idling test divided by time in minutes; pa is the ambient pressure in millibars; pi is the average under-pressure during the test in the intake section of pump Pl, expressed in millibars; Tp is the
43、 temperature of the diluted gases during the test, measured in the intake section of pump Pl. 6.4.2 The mass of unburnt hydrocarbons emitted by the vehi- cles exhaust during the test shall be calculated by means of the following formula : HCM = V x d, x HC, x W6 where HCM is the mass of hydrocarbons
44、 emitted during the test, expressed in grammes per minute; d,c is the mass density of the hydrocarbons at a temperature of 273 K and a pressure of 1 013 mbar where the average carbon/hydrogen ratio 1 : 1,85 = 0,619 kg/ma; V is the total volume (see 6.4.1); HC, is the concentration of diluted gases,
45、expressed in parts per million of carbon equivalent (for example, the con- centration in propane multiplied by 31, corrected to take account of the diluent air, given by the formula : HC, = HC, - HC, 1 - 10 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with I
46、SO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 09:20:52 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO6460-1981(E) HCd is the concentration of hydrocarbons, expressed in parts per million of carbon equivalent, in the sample of diluent air
47、collected in bag SB; where CO, CO2 and HC are, respectively, the concentra- tions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocar- bons, expressed as a percentage, in the sample of diluted gases contained in bag SA. DF is a coefficient expressed as a percentage by volume given by the formula DF = 14
48、,5 CO, + 0,5 CO + HC 11 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 09:20:52 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Is0 6460-1981 (El Annex A Method for setting the roller bench A.1 The motorcycle used for this measurement is con- ditioned as per 5.4.3. A.2 A stop, limiting the maximum speed between 45 and 55 km/h, shall be placed in the throttle. The motorcycle speed is measured with a precision revolution counter