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1、STDmISO 3L-B-ENGL 1772 D 4851903 0775b50 b7L INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 31-1:1992 31 -2: 1 992 31 -3: 1 992 31 -4: 1 992 31 -5: 1 992 31 -6: 1 992 31 -7: 1992 31 -8: 1992 31 -9A992 31 -1 0:1992 31 -1 2: 1 992 31 -1 3: 1 992 AMENDMENT 1 1998-1 2-1 5 Quantities and units - Part 1: Part 2: Part 3: Part
2、 4: Part 5: Part 6: Part 7: Part 8: Space and time Periodic and related phenomena Mechanics Heat Electricity and magnetism Light and related electromagnetic radiations Acoustics Physical chemistry and molecular physics Part 9: Atomic and nuclear physics Part 1 O: Nuclear reactions and ionizing radia
3、tions Part 12: Characteristic numbers Part 13: Solid state physics AMENDMENT 1 Grandeurs et units - Partie 1: Espace et temps Partie 2: Phnomnes priodiques et connexes Partie 3: Mcanique Partie 4: Chaleur Partie 5: lectricit et magntisme Partie 6: Lumire et rayonnements lectromagntiques connexes Par
4、tie 7: Acoustique Partie 8: Chimie physique et physique molculaire Partie 9: Physique atomique et nuclaire Partie 1 O: Ractions nuclaires et rayonnements ionisants Partie 12: Nombres caractristiques Partie 13: Physique de ltat solide AMENDEMENT 1 This material is reproduced from ISO documents under
5、international Organization for Standardization (ISO) Copyright License Number IHS/ICC/1996. Not for resale. NO part of these IS0 documents may be reproduced in any form, electronic retrieval svstem o r otherwise. exceut as allowed in the couvrioht law of the country of use, -.- - or with the prior w
6、ritten consent of IS0 (Case postale 56, 121 1 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Fax +41 22 734 10 79). IHS or the IS0 Licensors members. - =_-= Reference number IS0 31 (parts 1 to 10, 12 and 13):1992/Amd.l:1998(E) COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Servic
7、es COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services STDmISO 3L-8-ENGL 1992 H 9851903 O775651 508 IS0 31 (parts 1 to 10,12 and 13):1992/Amd.l:1998(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of nation
8、al standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internatio
9、nal organizations, governmental and non- governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take patt in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committ
10、ees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Amendment 1 to parts 1 to 10, 12 and 13 of International Standard IS0 31 :1992 was prepared by Technical Committee ISOTTC 12, Quantitie
11、s, units, symbols, conversion factors. Q IS0 1998 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without pennission in writing from the publisher.
12、International Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 CH-121 1 Genve 20 Switzerland Intemet isoiso.ch Printed in Switzerland COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed b
13、y Information Handling Services STD-IS0 33-8-ENGL 3992 m 4853903 0775652 444, m IS0 31 -1 : 1 99ZAmd.l: 1 998( E) IS0 31-2:1992/Amd.l:1998(E) IS0 31 -3:1992/Amd.l:1998(E) IS0 31-4:1992/Amd.l:1998(E) IS0 31-5: 199ZAmd.l:1998(E) IS0 31-6:1992/Amd.l:1998(E) IS0 31 -7:1992/Amd.l:1998(E) IS0 31-8:1992/Am
14、d.l:1998(E) IS0 31 -9:199ZAmd.l:1998( E) IS0 31-10:1992/Amd.l:1998(E) IS0 31-12:1992/Amd.l:1998(E) IS0 31 -1 3:1992/Amd.l:1998(E) Quantities and units - Part 1 : Space and time Part 2: Periodic and related phenomena Part 3: Mechanics Part 4: Heat Part 5: Electricity and magnetism Part 6: Light and r
15、elated electromagnetic radiations Part 7: Acoustics Part 8: Physical chemistry and molecular physics Part 9: Atomic and nuclear physics Part 1 O: Nuclear reactions and ionizing radiations Part 12: Characteristic numbers Part 13: Solid state physics AMENDMENT 1 Page v Replace subclause 0.3.2 with the
16、 following text: 0 . 3 . 2 Remark on units for quantities of dimension one The coherent unit for any quantity of dimension one is the number one, symbol 1. When the value of such a quantity is expressed, the unit symbol 1 is generally not written out explicitly. EXAMPLE Refractive index n = 1,53 x 1
17、 = 1,53 Prefixes shall not be used to form multiples or submultiples of this unit. Instead of prefixes, powers of 10 may be used. EXAMPLE Reynolds number Re = 1,32 x 1 O3 Considering that plane angle is generally expressed as the ratio of two lengths and solid angle as the ratio of two areas, in 199
18、5 the CGPM has specified that, in the International System of Units, the radian, rad, and the steradian, sr, are “dimensionless” derived units. This implies that the quantities plane angle and solid angle are considered as derived quantities of dimension one. The units radian and steradian may be om
19、itted, or they may be used in expressions for derived units to facilitate distinction between quantities of different nature but having the same dimension. 1 COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT International Organization for St
20、andardization Licensed by Information Handling Services STD-IS0 31-8-ENGL 1992 m 4851903 0775b53 380 IS0 31 (parts 1 to 10,12 and 13):1992/Amd.l:1998(E) ICs 01.060 Price based on I page COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT Inter
21、national Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services IS0 31 PT*8 92 4853903 0521633 514 I NT E R NAT I O NA L STA N DAR D IS0 31-8 Third edition 1992-1 2-1 5 Quantities and units - Part 8: Physical chemistry and molecular physics Grandeurs et units - Partie 8: Chimie p
22、hysique et physique molculaire Reference number IS0 31-8:1992(E) COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services IS0 31-8:1992(E) Foreword IS0 (the In
23、ternational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee h
24、as been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical
25、 standardization, Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 31-8 was prepared by Technic
26、al Committee iSO/TC 1 2, Quantities, units, symbols, conversion factors. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (IS0 31-8:1980). The major technical changes from the second edition are the following: - the decision by the International Committee for Weights and Measures (Comit6 I
27、nternational des Poids et Mesures, CIPM) in 1980 concerning the status of supplementary units has been incorporated; - a number of new items have been added; - a number of new chemical elements have been added in annex A. The scope of Technical Committee lSO/TC 12 is standardization of units and sym
28、bols for quantities and units (and mathematical symbols) used within the different fields of science and technology, giving, where necessary, definitions of these quantities and units. Standard conversion factors for converting between the various units also come under the scope of the TC. In fulfil
29、ment of this responsibility, iSO/TC 12 has pre- pared IS0 31. 0 IS0 1992 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writi
30、ng from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case Postale 56 CH-I21 1 Genve 20 Switzerland Printed in Switzerland ii COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Li
31、censed by Information Handling Services IS0 31 PT*d 92 = 48.51903 0521635 397 0 IS0 IS0 31 -8:1992( E) IS0 31 consists of the following parts, under the general title Quantities and units: - Part O: General principles - Part 1: Space and time - Part 2: Periodic and related phenomena - Part 3: Mechan
32、ics - Part 4: Heat - Part 5: Electricity and magnetism - Part 6: Light and related electromagnetic radiations - Part 7: Acoustics - Part 8: Physical chemistry and molecular physics - Part 9: Atomic and nuclear physics - Part IO: Nuclear reactions and ionizing radiations - Part 11: Mathematical signs
33、 and symbols for use in the physical - Part 12: Characteristic numbers - Part 13: Solid state physics sciences and technology Annexes A, B and C form an integral part of this part of IS0 31. iii COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services COPYRI
34、GHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services IS0 31 PT*8 92 W 4853903 052Lb3b 223 IS0 31 -8:1992( E) 0 IS0 Introduction 0.1 Arrangement of the tables The tables of quantities and units in IS0 31 are arranged so that the quantities are presented on the
35、left-hand pages and the units on the cor- responding right-hand pages, All units between two full lines belong to the quantities between the cor- responding full lines on the left-hand pages. Where the numbering of an item has been changed in the revision of a part of IS0 31, the number in the prece
36、ding edition is shown in parenth- eses on the left-hand page under the new number for the quantity; a dash is used to indicate that the item in question did not appear in the preceding edition. 0.2 Tables o f quantities The most important quantities within the field of this document are given togeth
37、er with their symbols and, in most cases, definitions. These defi- nitions are given merely for identification; they are not intended to be complete. The vectorial character of some quantities is pointed out, especially when this is needed for the definitions, but no attempt is made to be complete o
38、r consistent. In most cases only one name and only one symbol for the quantity are given; where two or more names or two or more symbols are given for one quantity and no special distinction is made, they are on an equal footing. When two types of italic (sloping) letter exist (for example as with 8
39、, 8; cp, 4: g, g) only one of these is given. This does not mean that the other is not equally acceptable. In general it is recommended that such variants should not be given different meanings. A symbol within par- entheses implies that it is a “reserve symbol“, to be used when, in a particular con
40、text, the main symbol is in use with a different meaning. 0.3 Tables of units 0.3.1 General Units for the corresponding quantities are given together with the inter- national symbols and the definitions. For further information, see IS0 31-0. The units are arranged in the following way: a) The names
41、 of the SI units are given in large print (larger than text size). The SI units have been adopted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (Conference Gnrale des Poids et Mesures, CGPM). iv COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services CO
42、PYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services IS0 31 PT*8 72 Y851703 0521637 LbT IS0 31 -8: 1992(E) 8 IS0 The SI units and their decimal multiples and sub-multiples are rec- ommended, although the decimal multiples and sub-multiples are not explicit
43、ly mentioned. b) The names of non-SI units which may be used together with SI units because of their practical importance or because of their use in specialized fields are given in normal print (text size). These units are separated by a broken line from the SI units for the quantities concerned. c)
44、 The names of non-SI units which may be used temporarily together with SI units are given in small print (smaller than text size) in the “Conversion factors and remarks“ column. d) The names of non-SI units which should not be combined with SI units are given only in annexes in some parts of IS0 31.
45、 These annexes are informative and not integral parts of the standard. They are arranged in three groups: 1) special names of units in the CGS system; 2) names of units based on the foot, pound and second and some other related units; 3) names of other units. 0.3.2 Remark on units for quantities of
46、dimension one The coherent unit for any quantity of dimension one is the number one (1). When the value of such a quantity is expressed, the unit 1 is generally not written out explicitly. Prefixes shall not be used to form multiples or sub- multiples of this unit. Instead of prefixes, powers of 10
47、may be used. EXAMPLES Refractive index n = 1,53 x 1 = 1,53 Reynolds number Re = 1,32 x I O3 Considering that plane angle is generally expressed as the ratio between two lengths, and solid angle as the ratio between an area and the square of a length, the CIPM specified in 1980 that, in the Internati
48、onal System of Units, the radian and steradian are dimensionless derived units. This implies that the quantities plane angle and solid angle are considered as dimensionless derived quantities. The units radian and steradian may be used in expressions for derived units to facilitate distinction betwe
49、en quantities of different nature but having the same dimension. 0.4 Numerical statements All numbers in the “Definition“ column are exact. When numbers in the “Conversion factors and remarks“ column are ex- act, the word “exactly“ is added in parentheses after the number. 0.5 Special remarks In this part of IS0 31, symbols for substances are shown as subscripts, for example cB, wB, pB. V COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed b