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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION l MElKfiYHAPOAHAII OPI-AHM3ALtMR IlO CTAHAAPTM3AUI4I4ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Wood - Testing in compression perpendicular to grain Bois - Essai de compression perpendiculaire aux fibres First edition - 1975-11-
2、01 UDC 674.03 : 539.41 Descriptors : wood, tests, compression Tests, physical tests, mechanical tests. Ref. No. ISO 3132-1975 (E) Price based on 2 pages Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not
3、for Resale, 04/25/2007 22:21:18 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- FOREWORD ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national Standards institutes (ISO Member Bodies). The work of developing International Standards i
4、s carried out through ISO Technical Committees. Every Member Body interested in a subject for which a Technical Committee has been set up has the right to be represented on that Committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work
5、. Draft International Standards adopted by the Technical Committees are circulated to the Member Bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the ISO Council. International Standard ISO 3132 was drawn up by Technical Committee ISO/TC 55, Swvn timber and sawlogs, and circ
6、ulated to the Member Bodies in June 1973. lt has been approved by the Member Bodies of the following countries : Australia Austria Belgium Bulgaria Canada Chile Czechoslovakia Egypt, Arab Rep. of France Hungary India Ireland Italy Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Romania South Africa, Rep. of Sweden
7、 Thailand Turkey U.S.S.R. Yugoslavia The Member Bodies of the following countries expressed document on technical grounds : Germany Japan United Kingdom disapproval of the 0 International Organization for Standardkation, 1975 l Printed in Switzerland Copyright International Organization for Standard
8、ization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 22:21:18 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3132-1975 (E) Wood - Testing in compression perpendicular to grain 1
9、SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION This International Standard specifies a method of testing wood in compression perpendicular to the grain to determine the proportional limit (conventional ultimate strength), the load being applied to the whole surface (radial or tangential) of the test piece. 2 REFERE
10、NCES ISO 3129, Wood - Sampling me thods and general requiremen ts for ph ysical and mechanical tests. ISO 3130, Wood - Determination o f mois ture con ten t for ph ysical and mechanical tests. 3 PRINCIPLE Determination, from a load-deformation diagram, of the Ordinate of the Point where the tangent
11、of the angle formed by the tangent to the curve with the load axis is 50 % greater than its value in the linear Portion of the diagram. Estimation of the stress at the load corresponding to the Ordinate. 4 APPARATUS 4.1 Testing machine with a device graduated in intervals of not more than 50 N/mm to
12、 record load and graduated in intervals of not more than 0,Ol mm/mm to record the deformation of the test piece. A testing machine measuring the load to an accuracy of 1 % and a device measuring the deformation of the test piece to an accuracy of 0,Ol mm shall be used in cases where a machine with a
13、 recording device is not available. 4.2 Uniform-loading device consisting of two self-aligning plates of hardened steel, whose spherical surfaces are in contact. 4.3 Measuring instrument capable of determining the dimensions of the test pieces to an accuracy of 0,l mm. 4.4 Equipment for the determin
14、ation of moisture content in accordance with ISO 3130. 5 PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES 5.1 Test pieces shall be prepared in the form of right prisms having a Square Cross-section of side 20 mm and length along the grain from 30 to 60 mm. When testing wood with growth rings more than 4 mm wide, the Cros
15、s-sectional dimensions may be increased so that the test piece has not less than five rings. 5.2 The preparation, moisture content and number of test pieces shall be in accordance with ISO 3129. 6 PROCEDURE 6.1 Measure, to an accuracy of 0,l mm, the widths (in a tangential direction for radial compr
16、ession or in a radial direction for tangential compression) and length of the test pieces along their axes of symmetry. 6.2 Load the test piece using the uniform-loading device (4.2). The Speed of testing (at a constant rate of loading or constant rate of movement of the loading head of the machine)
17、 shall be such that the proportional limit (conventional ultimate strength) is reached in 1,5 -L 0,5 min after the Start of loading. 6.3 When using a testing machine without a recording device, determine the deformation of the test piece by the dial gauge to an accuracy of 0,Ol mm at equal intervals
18、 of load increase. The interval shall be at least 10 times smaller than the load corresponding to the proportional limit. Load increase intervals of 200 N for soft wood and 400 N for hard wood may be used. 6.4 Continue the test until the proportional limit (conventional ultimate strength) has obviou
19、sly been exceeded, as tan be seen in the diagram of the testing machine or by an appreciable increase in the rate of deformation of the test piece. 6.5 After the test has been carried out, determine the moisture content, when required, according to ISO 3130. Take a central Portion of the test piece
20、25 + 5 mm long as the Sample for determination of moisture content. To determine the mean moisture content, it is permissible to use only some of the test pieces. Calculate the minimum number of the test pieces to be used for the determination of moisture content in accordance with ISO 3129. Copyrig
21、ht International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 22:21:18 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3132-1975 (E) 7 CALCULATION AND EXPRESSION OF RESU
22、LTS 7.1 The load corresponding to the proportional limit (conventional ultimate strength) shall be determined from the diagram of compression perpendicular to grain as the Ordinate of the Point where the tangent of the angle formed by the tangent to the curve with the load axis is 50 % greater than
23、its value in the linear Portion of the diagram. When a testing machine without recording device is used a graph shall be plotted, using a scale of not more than 50 N/mm on the load axis (ordinates) and of not more than 0,Ol mm/mm on the deformation axis (abscissae). 7.2 The proportional limit in com
24、pression perpendicular to the grain, oyw, (conventional ultimate strength) at the moisture content W at the time of test is given, in megapascals, by the formula : P is the load, in newtons, corresponding to the proportional limit in compression perpendicular to the grain (conventional ultimate stre
25、ngth); a and l are respectively the width and length, in millimetres, of the test piece. Express the result to the nearest 0,l MPa. 7.3 When necessary, the proportional Iimit (conventional ultimate strength), oyw, shall be adjusted to a 12 % moisture Co the formula ntent to an accuracy of 0,l MPa ac
26、cording to oy12 = oyw l + a(W- 12) a is the correction factor for the whose value shall be obtained from moisture content, national Standards; W is the moisture content of the wood, calculated according to ISO 3130. 7.4 The proportional limit (conventional ultimate strength) of the test pieces tut o
27、ut from one piece of the selected material shall be calculated to an accuracy of 0,l MPa as the arithmetic mean of the test results of the individual test pieces. 8 TEST REPORT The test report shall contain the following particulars : a) a reference to this International Standard; b) details concern
28、ing sampling of the test pieces; c) the length of the test piece; d) details in accordance with clause 7 of ISO 3129; 4 the test results calcu thei r statistical values; lated as specified in clause 7, and fl the value of the coefficient CII used for the of the test results to a 12 % moisture content. adjustment 2 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 22:21:18 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-