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1、 Reference number ISO/IEC TR 14652:2004(E) ISO/IEC 2004 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 14652 First edition 2004-09-15 Information technology Specification method for cultural conventions Technologies de linformation Mthode de modlisation des conventions culturelles Copyright International Organization
2、for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/03/2007 21:11:30 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC TR 14652:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typ
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5、imized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specifie
6、d, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case
7、postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/111111
8、1001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/03/2007 21:11:30 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC TR 14652:2004(E) ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved iii Contents Page FOREWORD iv INTRODUCTION v 1 SCOPE 1 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES 1 3 TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND NOT
9、ATIONS 2 4 FDCC-set 7 4.1 FDCC-set description 7 4.2 LC_IDENTIFICATION 12 4.3 LC_CTYPE (controversial) 13 4.4 LC_COLLATE 27 4.5 LC_MONETARY (controversial) 39 4.6 LC_NUMERIC 43 4.7 LC_TIME (controversial) 44 4.8 LC_MESSAGES 51 4.9 LC_XLITERATE (controversial) 52 4.10 LC_NAME 54 4.11 LC_ADDRESS 55 4.
10、12 LC_TELEPHONE 57 5 CHARMAP 58 6 REPERTOIREMAP (controversial) 63 Annex A (informative) DIFFERENCES FROM POSIX (ISO/IEC 9945) 92 Annex B (informative) RATIONALE 94 Annex C (informative) BNF GRAMMAR 107 Annex D (informative) OUTSTANDING ISSUES 112 INDEX 116 BIBLIOGRAPHY 119 Copyright International O
11、rganization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/03/2007 21:11:30 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC TR 14652:2004(E) iv ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved Forew
12、ord ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical c
13、ommittees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in t
14、he work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare Internation
15、al Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, the joint technical comm
16、ittee may propose the publication of a Technical Report of one of the following types: type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts; type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other
17、 reason there is the future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard; type 3, when the joint technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example). Technical Re
18、ports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Atten
19、tion is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC TR 14652, which is a Technical Report of type 1, was prepared by Joint Technical Committee
20、 ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 22, Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces. This document is published as a type 1 Technical Report on the request of a number of member bodies, whose concerns are recorded in Annex D. Copyright International O
21、rganization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/03/2007 21:11:30 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC TR 14652:2004(E) Introduction This Technical Report define
22、s a general mechanism to specify cultural conventions, and it defines formats for a number of specific cultural conventions in the areas of character classification and conversion, sorting, number formatting, monetary formatting, date formatting, message display, addressing of persons, postal addres
23、s formatting, and telephone number handling. There are a number of benefits coming from this Technical Report: Rigid specificationUsing this Technical Report, a user can rigidly specify a number of the cultural conventions that apply to the information technology environment of the user. Cultural ad
24、aptabilityIf an application has been designed and built in a culturally neutral manner, the application may use the specifications as data to its APIs, and thus the same application may accommodate different users in a culturally acceptable way to each of the users, without change of the binary appl
25、ication. ProductivityThis Technical Report specifies those cultural conventions and how to specify data for them. With that data an application developer is relieved from getting the different information to support all the cultural environments for the expected customers of the product. The applica
26、tion developer is thus ensured of culturally correct behaviour as specified by the customer, and possibly more markets may be reached as customers may have the possibility to provide the data themselves for markets that were not targeted. Uniform behaviourWhen a number of applications share one cult
27、ural specification, which may be supplied from the user or provided by the application or operating system, their behaviour for cultural adaptation becomes uniform. The specification format is independent of platforms and specific encoding, and targeted to be usable from a wide range of programming
28、languages. A number of cultural conventions, such as spelling, hyphenation rules and terminology, are not specifiable with this Technical Report, but it provides mechanisms to define new categories and also new keywords within existing categories. An internationalized application may take advantage
29、of information provided with the FDCC-set (such as the language) to provide further internationalized services to the user. This Technical Report defines a format compatible with the one used in the International string ordering standard, ISO/IEC 14651. This Technical Report is upward compatible wit
30、h the ISO/IEC 9945-1:2003 POSIX, particularly its clauses 6 and 7. The major extensions ISO/IEC 2004 - All rights reservedv Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/03/2007
31、21:11:30 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC TR 14652:2004(E) from that text are listed in annex A. This Technical Report has enhanced functionality in a number of areas such as ISO/IEC 10646 support, more classification of characters, transliteration, d
32、ual (multi) currency support, enhanced date and time formatting, personal name writing, postal address formatting, telephone number handling, and management of categories. There is enhanced support for character sets including ISO/IEC 2022 handling and an enhanced method to separate the specificatio
33、n of cultural conventions from an actual encoding via a description of the character repertoire employed. A standard set of values for all the categories has been defined covering the repertoire of ISO/IEC 10646-1, as referenced in the normative references clause. The Technical Report was originally
34、 scheduled for adoption as an International Standard, but a number of members of ISO and IEC found the specification problematical. It was then decided to convert the specification into a Technical Report type I. Annex D lists a number of issues that some members of ISO and IEC have with the specifi
35、cation. The following clauses are thus marked as controversial: 4.3 LC_CTYPE 4.5 LC_MONETARY 4.7 LC_TIME 4.9 LC_XLITERATE 6 REPERTOIREMAP vi ISO/IEC 2004 - All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/11111
36、11001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/03/2007 21:11:30 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 14652:2004(E) Information technology Specification method for cultural conventions 1SCOPE This Technical Report specifies a description f
37、ormat for the specification of cultural conventions, a description format for character sets, and a description format for binding character names to ISO/IEC 10646, plus a set of default values for some of these items. The specification is upward compatible with POSIX locale specifications - a local
38、e conformant to POSIX specifications will also be conformant to the specifications in this Technical Report, while the reverse condition will not hold. The descriptions are intended to be coded in text files to be used via Application Programming Interfaces, that are expected to be developed for a n
39、umber of systems which comply with ISO/IEC 9945. An alignment effort has been undertaken for this specification to be aligned with the revision of the ISO/IEC 9945 standard published in 2003. 2NORMATIVE REFERENCES The following referenced documents are indispensible for the application of this docum
40、ent. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 639 (all parts), Codes for the representation of names of languages. ISO/IEC 2022, Information technology - Character code structur
41、e and extension techniques. ISO 3166 (all parts), Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions. ISO 4217, Codes for the representation of currencies and funds. ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange - Representation of dates and times.
42、ISO/IEC 9945:2003 Information technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX). ISO/IEC 10646:2003, Information technology - Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS). Only the fixed collection 301 plus the characters U20AC EURO SIGN and the UFFFC OBJECT REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (corre
43、sponding to UNICODE 2.1) and the control characters U0000U001F are used in this document. ISO/IEC 14651:2001, Information technology - International string ordering and comparison - Method for comparing character strings and description of the common template tailorable ordering. ISO/IEC 15897:1999,
44、 Information technology - Procedures for registration of cultural elements. ISO/IEC 2004 - All rights reserved1 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/03/2007 21:11:30 MDT
45、No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC TR 14652:2004(E) 3TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND NOTATIONS 3.1Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 Bytes and characters 3.1.1.1 byte: An individually addressabl
46、e unit of data storage that is equal to or larger than an octet, used to store a character or a portion of a character. A byte is composed of a contiguous sequence of bits, the number of which is implementation defined. The least significant bit is called the low-order bit; the most significant bit
47、is called the high-order bit. 3.1.1.2 character: A member of a set of elements used for the organization, control or representation of data. 3.1.1.3 coded character: A sequence of one or more bytes representing a single character. 3.1.1.4 text file: A file that contains characters organized into one
48、 or more lines. 3.1.2 cultural and other major concepts 3.1.2.1 cultural convention: A data item for information technology that may vary dependent on language, territory, or other cultural habits. 3.1.2.2 FDCC: A Formal Definition of a Cultural Convention, that is a cultural convention put into a formal definition scheme. 3.1.2.3 FDCC-set: A Set of Formal Definitions of Cultural Conventions (FDCCs). The definition of the subset of a users information technology environment that depends on language and cultural conventions. Note: th