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1、Reference number ISO/TR 14179-2:2001(E) ISO 2001 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 14179-2 First edition 2001-08-01 Gears Thermal capacity Part 2: Thermal load-carrying capacity Engrenages Capacit thermique Partie 2: Capacit de charge thermique Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided
2、 by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/11/2007 05:00:31 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 14179-2:2001(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, t
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5、ure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2001 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utili
6、zed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 ? CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax
7、 + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2001 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/11/2007 05:00:31 MDTNo reproduction or netw
8、orking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 14179-2:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reservediii ContentsPage Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1Scope 1 2Symbols, units and indices 1 3Principle6 3.1General6 3.2Purpose and applicability.6 4Equivalent transmitted power 7 5Power loss8 5.1General8 5.2Gea
9、r losses.8 5.3Bearing losses .15 5.4Shaft seals19 6Heat dissipation.19 6.1General19 6.2Heat dissipation through the housing.19 6.3Heat dissipation via the foundation.22 6.4Heat dissipation via shafts and couplings24 6.5Heat dissipation via an external cooler.26 7Results of calculation27 7.1Splash lu
10、brication27 7.2Injection lubrication.27 8Sample calculation 27 8.1General27 8.2Geometry and surrounding conditions.27 8.3Power loss30 8.4Heat dissipation.32 8.5Comparison33 Bibliography34 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco
11、HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/11/2007 05:00:31 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 14179-2:2001(E) iv ISO 2001 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
12、(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, g
13、overnmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/I
14、EC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the mem
15、ber bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to pub
16、lish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO/TR 14179 may be the subject of
17、 patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 14179-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 60, Gears, Subcommittee SC 2, Gear capacity calculation. ISO/TR 14179 consists of the following parts, under the general title Gears Thermal capa
18、city: ?Part 1: Rating gear drives with thermal equilibrium at 95 ?C sump temperature ?Part 2: Thermal load-carrying capacity Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/11/2007 05:00:31 MDTNo reprodu
19、ction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 14179-2:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reservedv Introduction ISO/TR 14179-1 is the American proposal. It utilizes an analytical heat balance model to calculate the thermal transmittable power for a single or multiple stage gear drive
20、lubricated with mineral oil. Many of the factors in the analytical model can trace their roots to published works of various authors. The procedure is based on the calculation method presented in AGMA (American Gear Manufacturers Association) Technical Paper 96FTM9. The bearing losses are calculated
21、 from catalogue information supplied by bearing manufacturers, which in turn can be traced to the work of Palmgren. The gear windage and churning loss formulations originally appeared in work presented by Dudley, and have been modified to account for the effects of changes in lubricant viscosity and
22、 amount of gear submergence. The gear load losses are derived from the early investigators of rolling and sliding friction who approximated gear tooth action by means of disk testers. The coefficients in the load loss equation were then developed from a multiple parameter regression analysis of expe
23、rimental data from a large population of tests in typical industrial gear drives. These gear drives were subjected to testing which varied operating conditions over a wide range. Operating condition parameters in the test matrix included speed, power, direction of rotation and amount of lubricant. T
24、he formulation has been verified by cross checking predicted results to experimental data for various gear drive configurations from several manufacturers. This part of ISO/TR 14179 is based on a German proposal whereby the thermal equilibrium between power loss and dissipated heat is calculated. Fr
25、om this equilibrium, the expected gear oil sump temperature for a given transmitted power, as well as the maximum transmittable power for a given maximum oil sump temperature, can be calculated. For spray lubrication, it is also possible to calculate the amount of external cooling necessary for main
26、taining a given oil inlet temperature. The calculation is an iterative method. The power loss of cylindrical, bevel and hypoid and worm gears can be calculated according to theoretical and experimental investigations into those different gear types undertaken at the Technical University in Munich. T
27、he load dependent gear power loss results in the calculation of the coefficient of mesh friction. The influence of the main parameters of load, speed, viscosity and surface roughness on the coefficient of friction were measured individually in twin disk tests and verified in gear experiments. The sa
28、me equations for the coefficient of friction are used in ISO/TR 13989 for the calculation of the scuffing load capacity of gears, and are used in German standard methods for the calculation of the relevant temperature for oil film thickness to evaluate the risk of wear and micropitting. The no-load
29、power loss of gears is derived from systematic experiments with various parameters from published research projects. The power loss calculation of the anti-friction bearings was taken from the experience of the bearing manufacturers, as published in their most recent catalogues. The equations for he
30、at dissipation are based on theoretical considerations combined with experimental investigations on model gear cases using different gear wall configurations in natural and forced convection. Radiation from the housing is based on the Stefan-Boltzman law, with measured values of the relative radiati
31、on coefficient measured for different surface finish and coatings of the gear case surface. Also included are equations for the calculation of the heat transfer from rotating parts and to the foundation. The results were verified with heat dissipation measurements in practical gear drives. A compute
32、r program, “WTplus”, with the proposed thermal calculation method, was developed within a research project of the FVA (Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik e.V., Frankfurt) and is widely used in the German gear industry. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under
33、 license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/11/2007 05:00:31 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale,
34、04/11/2007 05:00:31 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TECHNICAL REPORTISO/TR 14179-2:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved1 Gears Thermal capacity Part 2: Thermal load-carrying capacity 1Scope This part of ISO/TR 14179 presents a means for determining the therm
35、al load carrying capacity of gears that includes measurement on original gear units under practical conditions. This takes the form of either measurement of the power loss, heat dissipation or both, or, in the case of splash-lubricated gear units, the determination of the quasi-stationary temperatur
36、e in the oil sump. The methods of calculation for all individual components of power loss and heat dissipation described in this part of ISO/TR 14179 are to be regarded as an alternative method. 2Symbols, units and indices For the purposes of this part of ISO TR 14179, the symbols, units and indices
37、 given in Table 1 apply. Table 1 Symbols, units and indices SymbolMeaningUnits aCentre distancemm Abot Gear unit bottom aream2 Aca Overall housing area (external)m2 Afoot Footprint of gear unitm2 Aoil Overall housing area (internal)m2 Apro Projected fin area (housing external)m2 Aq Cross-sectional a
38、ream2 Afin Total fin area (housing external)m2 Aair Ventilated housing aream2 bTooth width, bearing widthmm beH Tooth contact widthmm b0Reference value of tooth width, b0?10 mm mm Club Lubrication factor CSp Splash oil factor Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS u
39、nder license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/11/2007 05:00:31 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 14179-2:2001(E) 2 ISO 2001 All rights reserved Table 1 (continued) SymbolMeaningUnits C0 Static load rating of anti-friction bearin
40、gN C1,2 Factors da Tip circle diametermm dfl Equivalent flange diameterm dw Pitch circle diametermm dm Mean bearing diametermm ds Pitch circle diameter of equivalent crossed helical gearsmm dsh Shaft diameterm eBase of natural logarithm, e?2,718 f0, 1, 2 Coefficients for bearing losses EDDuty factor
41、 Fa Bearing thrust loadN Ft Force at pitch circleN Fbt Tooth normal force, transverse sectionN Fn Tooth normal force, normal sectionN Fr Radial bearing loadN gg?9,81 m/s2m/s2 GrGrashoff number hc Height of point of contact above the lowest point of the immersing gearmm hca Overall height of gear uni
42、t housingm Hv Tooth loss factor he1,e2 Tip circle immersion depth with oil level stationarymm he0Reference value of immersion depth, he0?10 mm mm he, max Max. Tip circle immersion depth with oil level stationarymm ?HoilEnthalpic flow with oilW h0, 1 Lubrication gap heightsmm kHeat transmission coeff
43、icientW/(m2K) lfl Equivalent length of coupling flangem lhHydraulic length?4 AG/UM mm lfin Depth of one finm lx Flow length (path of flow filament along housing wall)m lsh Length of free shaft endm Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licens
44、ee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/11/2007 05:00:31 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 14179-2:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved3 Table 1 (continued) SymbolMeaningUnits m, m*Fin factors mModulemm nRotational speed1/min NuNusselt number PA Inpu
45、t powerW PAeq Equivalent input powerW PrPrandtl number PV Power lossW PVD Seal power lossW PVL Bearing power lossW PVx Auxiliary power lossesW PVZ Gear power lossW P0 Equivalent static bearing loadN P1 Equivalent bearing loadN QTotal heat flowW Qca Heat flow across housing surfaceW Qfun Heat flow ac
46、ross foundationW Qrot Heat flow across shafts and couplingsW ReReynolds number Ra1, 2 Arithmetic average roughness of pinion and gear wheelm RzAverage roughness depthm Rz0Reference roughness depth for worm gear units (Rz0?3 m) m sSize factor of bearing tDurationmin TH Hydraulic loss torqueN?m TVL To
47、tal bearing loss torqueN?m TVL0 No-load bearing loss torqueN?m TVLP1,2 Load dependent bearing loss torqueN?m Twall Temperature of housing wallK Tair Cooling air temperatureK Tperm Maximum permissible gear unit temperatureK T? Ambient temperatureK uGear ratio Copyright International Organization for
48、Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/11/2007 05:00:31 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 14179-2:2001(E) 4 ISO 2001 All rights reserved Table 1 (continued) SymbolMeaningUnits UCircumference of the foundationm vMean peripheral speedm/s vt Tangential speedm/s vt0 Reference tangential speedm/s . oil V Oil injection ratel/min .