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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 9184-5 First edi tion 1990-12-15 Paper, board and pulps - Fibre furnish analysis - Part 5: Lofton-Merritt staining test (modification of Wisbar) Papier, carton et pates - Determination de la composition fibreuse - Partie 5: Coloration de Lofton-Merritt (modifkation de Wisbar)
2、Reference number ISO 9184-5: 199O(E) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/26/2007 19:23:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 91845:
3、1990(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide. federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for
4、which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO coliaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on
5、all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Inter- national Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. international Standard
6、 ISO 9184-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board arid pclps. ISO 9184 consists of the following Parts, under the general title Paper, board arid pulps - Fibre furnish analysis: - Part 1: General method - Part 2: Sfaining guide - Part 3: Herzberg staining tesf - Part 4: Graff T”
7、 staining fest - Part 5: Lofton-Merritt staining test (modifkation of Wisbar) - Part 6: Weight factors by fibre coar-seness method - Part 7: Weight factors by comparison method Part 1 gives general instructions for the Performance of fibre furnish analysis. lt should be used in conjunction with the
8、staining guide (see part 2) and the staining tests (see Parts 3 to 5). Additional Parts of this International Standard will be published if re- quired by the development of new kinds of fibres or new staining tests. Annex A of this part of ISO 9184 is for information only. 0 ISO 1990 All rights rese
9、rved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher. international Organization for Standardization Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 0 Switzerl
10、and Printed in Switzerland ii Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/26/2007 19:23:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STA
11、NDARD ISO 91845:1990(E) Paper, board and pulps - Fibre furnish analysis - Part 5: Lofton-Merritt staining test (modification of Wisbar) 1 Scope This part of ISO 9184 specifies the preparation, use and colour reactions of Lofton-Merritt stain in fibre furnish analysis. It should be used in conjunctio
12、n with ISO 9184-1 and, if necessary, with other staining tests defined in ISO 9184-2. The Lofton-Merritt staining test is applicable to the qualitative and quantitative differentiation of the fol- lowing pulps: - unbleached and bleached softwood Chemical pulps; - unbleached kraft and sulfite in soft
13、wood pulps; - unbleached semi-Chemical kraft and sulfite pulps. 2 Normative reference The following Standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 9184. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All Standards are subje
14、ct to revision, and Parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 9184 are encouraged to investi- gate the possibility of applying the most recent edi- tion of the Standard indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 9184-1:1990, Paper
15、, board and pulps - Fibre furnish analysis - Part 1: General method. 4 Reagents CAUTION - Some of the components used in pre- paring this stain are toxic. The stain should be pre- pared and handled in keeping with safe laboratory practice. Use only reagents of recognized analytical grade and distill
16、ed water or water of equivalent purity. 4.1 Fuchsine, Solution, a bout 1 % (nz/rn). Add 1 g of fuchsine monohydrochloride (C,H,N,CI) (C.I. 42510 - Cl. basic violet 14) in small por-tions to 50 ml of boiling water in a 250 ml beaker, with vig- orous stirring. Dilute to 100 ml. 4.2 Malachite green, So
17、lution, about 2 % (m/m). Take 2 g of malachite green (C,H,N,CI) (C.I. 42000 - Cl. basic green 4) and proceed as described for the fuchsine Solution. 4.3 Hydrochlorit acid, Solution, about 0,5 % (m/m). Dilute 5 ml of a 37 % (mlm) Solution of hydrochloric acid (HCI) to 480 ml. Store in brown reagent b
18、ottles. The solutions (4.1 to 4.3) are stable. 4.4 Lofton-Merritt stain. Mix 4,4 ml of the fuchsine Solution (4.1); 3 Principle 2,2 ml sf the malachite green Solution (4.2); Fibres are stained with Lofton-Merritt stain and examined under the microscope. 20,O ml of the hydrochloric acid Solution (4.3
19、). Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/26/2007 19:23:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 918405:i 99O(E) Pipette the required vol
20、ume of each Solution, given above, into a 100 ml glass cylinder and dilute to 100 ml. Store in a brown reagent bottle and keep in the dark when not in use. Shake before use. NOTE 1 Adjustment of the stain mixture by the addition of malachite green or fuchsine Solution is required to at- tain the col
21、ours given in table 1. Test the fresh mixture with known samples contain- ing unbleached softwood sulfate and sulfite pulp, and mechanical pulp. If the fibres of unbleached kraft pulp and/or mechanical pulp yield a reddish colour, add malachite green Solution. If the fibres of unbleached sulfite pul
22、p exhibit a bluish or greenish colour, add fuchsine Solution. The stain mixture is stable. However, it is preferable to check it with known fibres every 2 months. More distinct staining is obtained with a fresh mixture. 5 Procedure 5.1 Staining Draw a specimen from the moist filtered fibre pad (see
23、ISO 9184-1) into a test tube, add 5 ml to 10 ml of the Lofton-Merritt stain mixture (4.4) and boil from 1 min to 2 min, stirring all the time with a glass rod. Pour the Suspension into a sieve or a glass filter, and rinse with small amounts of water until the filtrate is colourless. Draw a small qua
24、ntity of the stained fibres on to a slide, add 2 or 3 drops of wa- ter, and with dissecting needles distribute the fibres into a uniform network. Apply a cover glass, tilt the slide and blot edgewise. The fibre slide tan also be made from a diluted Suspension of the stained fibres in accordance with
25、 ISO 9184-1, using water instead of stain. 5.2 Determination Place the stained fibre slide under the microscope and examine using a magnification of x 40 to x 120. Identify and count the fibres in accordance with ISO 9184-1 on the basis of the colours developed by the Lofton-Merritt stain (See table
26、 1). 6 Expression of results and test report Express and report the results in accordance with ISO 9184-1. Table 1 - Colour Chart for Lofton-Merritt stain Type of pulp Softwood Chemical pulp Unbleached kraft Unbleached sulfite Bleached kraft and sulfite Semi-bleached kraft -.- Hardwood Chemical pulp
27、 Unbleached kraft and sulfi te Semi-bleached or bleached kraft and sulfite _ _I_- Softwood and hardwood semi-Chemical pulp Unbleached kraft Unbleached sulfite - Mechanical pulp Colourl) Greenish or greyish-blue* Red-violet*) 3) 4) Colourless Light pink or colourless Light greenish or light violet (w
28、eak colours or colourless) Mostly colourless ppp Bluish-green Dark blue-violet Bright blue 1) The colours obtained using fuchsine and malachite green from different manufacturers and from different batches, differ slightly from each other. The above-mentioned colours are obtained using basic fuchsin
29、e of National Aniline Division and malachite green of Fluka AG. Diamant fuchsine of Merck give about the same colours. 2) The intensity of the colour diminishes with increasing degrees of delignification. 3) In the Lofton-Merritt staining test, the central part of the bordered pits is often stained
30、strong violet. This “eye formation” is most distinct in slightly stained fibres of sulfite pulps. Kraft fibres never display staining of the bordered pits, and consequently such staining tan be interpreted as a specific test for unbleached sulfite pulp. This phenomenon is generally encountered when
31、staining fibres with alkaline stains. 4) The pitch content of ray cells is stained bluish-green by Lofton-Merritt stain, which often is an indication of softwood sulfite pulp. 2 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical St
32、andards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/26/2007 19:23:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 91845:1990(E) Annex A (informative) Bibliography ? SCHULZE, B.: Die mikroskopische Unterschei- dung von ungehleichtem Natron= (Sulfat =) und Sulfitzellstoff nach Lof
33、ton und Merritt. Wochenbl. fr Papierfahr. 64 (1933): 9, pp. 159-160. 2 LOFTON, RE. and MERRITT, M.F.: Method for differentiating and estimating unbleached sul- fite and sulfate pulps in Paper. U.S. Depart- ment of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Techn. Papers 189 (1921). Techn. Assoc. Papers
34、 3 (1920): 1, pp. 1-17. 3 GRAFF, J-H.: A Color Atlas for Fiber Idenfifi- cation. The Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, Wl, 1940, Plate IV. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resa
35、le, 04/26/2007 19:23:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- This page intentionalfy left blank Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/26/20
36、07 19:23:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- This page intentionally left blank Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/26/2007 19:23:32
37、MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 91845:1990(E) UDC 676.1 L2.014 Descriptors: Paper, paperboards, Paper pulps, tests, determination, composition (property), fibres. Price based on 3 pages Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/26/2007 19:23:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-