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1、 Reference number ISO/TR 10305-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 10305-1 First edition 2003-02-15 Road vehicles Calibration of electromagnetic field strength measuring devices Part 1: Devices for measurement of electromagnetic fields at frequencies 0 Hz Vhicules routiers talonnage des appar
2、eils de mesure de lintensit dun champ lectromagntique Partie 1: Appareils pour le mesurage des champs lectromagntiques de frquence suprieure 0 Hz ISO/TR 10305-1:2003(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed o
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5、able for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2003 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
6、 means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail c
7、opyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2003 All rights reserved ISO/TR 10305-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Forewordiv Introduction v 1 Scope1 2 Terms and definitions.1 3 Layout and properties of field strength measuring devices 2 3.1 Layout and fun
8、ctional principles.2 3.2 Properties.3 3.3 Response characteristics.4 4 General requirements for calibration procedures.4 5 Calibration procedures.6 5.1 Plate capacitor arrangement6 5.2 Coil arrangements.10 5.3 TEM cells14 5.4 GTEM cells.17 5.5 Antennas in absorber-lined shielded enclosures19 6 Test
9、and calibration reports.24 Annex A (informative) Physical considerations on coils and antennas.26 Annex B (informative) Example description of calibration procedure34 Bibliography .35 -,-,- ISO/TR 10305-1:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standa
10、rdization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right t
11、o be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Sta
12、ndards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an In
13、ternational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may de
14、cide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some
15、of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 10305-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 3, Electrical and electronic equipment. This first editi
16、on of ISO/TR 10305-1, together with that of ISO/TR 10305-2, cancels and replaces the first edition of ISO/TR 10305, which has been technically revised. ISO/TR 10305 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles Calibration of electromagnetic field strength measuring devices:
17、 Part 1: Devices for measurement of electromagnetic fields at frequencies 0 Hz Part 2: IEEE standard for calibration of electromagnetic field sensors and probes, excluding antennas, from 9 kHz to 40 GHz -,-,- ISO/TR 10305-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved v Introduction The necessity for EMC (e
18、lectromagnetic compatibility) testing of road vehicles and their components has led to the publication of a number of standardized test procedures. The need, too, for a standardized method for the calibration of field strength measuring devices was seen by the responsible ISO subcommittee. As no suc
19、h International Standard was at the time available from either ISO or IEC, ISO/TR 10305 was published in 1992, based on the amended 1975 edition of the US National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST) report, NBSIR 75-804. That document having been consi
20、dered incomplete, two new calibration methods were independently developed by DIN, the German Institute for Standardization, and by IEEE, the US Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. It was decided to publish the methods as the two parts of a Technical Report replacing ISO/TR 10305:1992
21、. Part 1 is an English translation of part 26 of DIN VDE 0847 and part 2 is the adoption, unchanged, of IEEE std 1309-1996. Each of the two parts should be considered as independent of the other, no effort having been made to combine them. The user of either method is kindly requested to report on t
22、he experience to ISO/TC 22/SC 3. In the event of IEC publishing a general calibration procedure as an International Standard, ISO/TR 10305 could be withdrawn, as there is no anticipated need for special calibration methods for use in the automotive industry. -,-,- TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 10305-1:200
23、3(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1 Road vehicles Calibration of electromagnetic field strength measuring devices Part 1: Devices for measurement of electromagnetic fields at frequencies 0 Hz 1 Scope This part of ISO/TR 10305 specifies techniques for calibrating field strength measuring devices used
24、 in automotive testing for the measurement of electromagnetic fields at frequencies greater than 0 Hz, for both EMC and human protection applications. It has been prepared by German experts using devices including capacitor or coil arrangements, TEM cells and antenna arrangements in absorber-lined c
25、hambers. In the automotive field, these field strength measuring devices are used for measurements specified in the various parts of ISO 11451 and ISO 11452. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 field strength measuring device comp
26、lete system, consisting of a field probe, data transmission system and display or control device 2.2 field probe entire transducer unit (i.e. with antennas, detectors, filters, etc.), which converts the field strength into an electrical or optical signal 2.3 field sensor part of the field probe that
27、 receives the field and transfers it for further evaluation 2.4 anisotropy dependence of the indicated value of a field strength measuring device on the direction of incidence and the polarization of the field, the anisotropy factor being the ratio between the maximum and minimum values of the indic
28、ated field strength 2.5 linearity measure of deviation from a first order polynomial of two variables such as the indication of a field strength measuring device and the field quantity being measured -,-,- ISO/TR 10305-1:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reserved 2.6 calibration field linearly polarized
29、 electrical or magnetic field with a known field strength, or travelling wave field with known energy flow per unit area, having a sufficiently homogeneous volume for the exposition of the field strength measuring device NOTE The following vectorial field quantities are used: electric field strength
30、, E, in volts per metre; magnetic field strength, H, in amperes per metre; magnetic flux density, B, in tesla; power flux density, S, or energy flow per unit area in watts per square metre. 2.7 reference system orthogonal system of coordinates with one of its axes oriented along the field vector of
31、interest for the particular calibration test 2.8 preferred axis axis of a field probe determined either by the axis of symmetry (main axis) of the sensor or by the direction of the feed line NOTE If its position is not obvious, it is determined, marked and documented by the calibration laboratory. 3
32、 Layout and properties of field strength measuring devices 3.1 Layout and functional principles The field strength measuring devices used for checking measured values against limits for the purpose of EMC or the protection of humans comprise the following: field sensor, for example, electrically sho
33、rt dipole (loaded or unloaded), loop antenna, horn antenna, capacitor arrangement; transducer for converting the field quantity into a current or voltage, for example, diode, thermocouple, bolometer or opto-modulator; data transmission line, for example, resistive cable, fibre optic cable, co-axial
34、cable, wave guide; display unit. Field sensor and transducer are usually combined in the field probe. Some field strength measuring systems allow the field sensor to be either connected to the data transmission line or directly to the display unit. Some designs incorporate both field sensor and disp
35、lay unit in one compact set-up. The characteristics of field strength measuring devices for protection of humans and for EMC applications are usually broadband and not selective, for example, field strength measuring devices in the telecommunications field. Depending on the field quantities E, H, B
36、or S, different field sensor/transducer combinations are applied. See Figure 1. ISO/TR 10305-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 3 3.2 Properties 3.2.1 General The influence of all components of the field strength measuring device on the measurement result shall be known and shall be described in
37、 the technical documentation, to allow the conditions for calibration to be determined. 3.2.2 Field probes with diode-detectors This type of field probe uses electrically short dipoles ( (2) is to be chosen. 5.1.2.3 Restrictions for frequency range caused by standing waves The relation between the i
38、nhomogeneity of the field caused by standing waves on the plates and the maximum permitted plate dimensions is given in 5.1.5.2.1. It is assumed that the voltage along a capacitor plate follows a cosine function from the feeding point. If an inhomogeneity of, for example, 5 % is permitted, the maxim
39、um size, amax, of a capacitor plate shall be max cos2/0,95;0,05aa = (3) -,-,- ISO/TR 10305-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 7 At a frequency of 50 MHz, this leads to amax = 0,3 m, i.e. only field probes with sizes below 30 mm may be calibrated. 5.1.2.4 Usable volume The volume Vp that may be o
40、ccupied by the DUT is situated in the geometrical centre between the plates, if the capacitor dimensions follow the requirements of 5.1.2.1 and 5.1.2.2. Its maximum permitted size can be calculated from 3 p ; 5 d Vhh=u (4) 5.1.2.5 Maximum generated field strength The maximum field strength which may
41、 be generated with a capacitor arrangement is restricted only by the breakdown voltage of air and the material which supports the capacitor plates. It is possible to generate very high electric field strengths with low generator power. 5.1.3 Calibration set-up Figure 2 shows the basic capacitor arra
42、ngement for the calibration of field strength measuring devices. Key 1 signal generator 2 broadband amplifier 3 balun 4 circuit for changing potentials and impedances of the capacitor plates to ground 5 DUT 6 capacitor plate 7a symmetric voltmeter 7b voltage measurement with voltmeters with input an
43、d output symmetrical to ground 8 control unit Figure 2 Block diagram of the calibration configuration The capacitor plates should be arranged vertically and in the centre of the measuring chamber to minimize environmental influences. In the vicinity of the capacitor, field disturbances caused by obj
44、ects shall be avoided. If these requirements are fulfilled, the circuit (4 in Figure 2) for the change of potential and impedances is redundant. In the RF range, short cables with low inductance shall be used between balun and capacitor plates (band lead instead of a wire, input at the centre of the
45、 plate edges). If the symmetric voltage measurement according to Figure 2 is not feasible, because most RF voltmeters have asymmetric input and output terminals, the use of two voltmeters as shown additionally in Figure 2 is necessary; their measured -,-,- ISO/TR 10305-1:2003(E) 8 ISO 2003 All right
46、s reserved values have to be added. This variant of voltage measurement clearly shows unsymmetries of the calibration set-up by indicating different voltages. If the voltages to be measured exceed the measuring range of the voltmeters, voltage dividers may be used. 5.1.4 Calibration 5.1.4.1 Insertio
47、n of the DUT into the capacitor arrangement The DUT shall be positioned in the centre of the test volume using supporting material with a permittivity, r, approaching 1. The cable to the DUT shall be oriented perpendicularly to the electric field. 5.1.4.2 Measurement of the field strength The relati
48、on between Eactual and E0 may be determined for a given arrangement by a reference measurement, thus allowing the calibration of the field strength via the voltage measurement. Another possibility is the determination of the generated field strength with a transfer sensor. 5.1.5 Uncertainty considerations 5.1.5.1 General The relative standard deviation sE of the field is composed of the following (uncorrelated) portions: 222 MEUd ssss=+ (5) where U s is the relative standard deviation of the voltage measurement; d