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1、TECHNICAL REPORT 11552 First edition 1997-12-15 Lasers and laser-related equipment - Laser materials-processing machines - Performance specifications and benchmarks for cutting of metals Lasers et Bquipements associ a=499net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central Printed in Switzerland ii Copyright Internationa
2、l Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 00:55:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 0 IS0 ISOflF? 11552:1997(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organizat
3、ion for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established h
4、as the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non- governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the international Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Th
5、e main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards, but in exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report of one of the following types: - Type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an Interna
6、tional Standard, despite repeated efforts; - Type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the future, but not immediate, possibility of an agreement on an international Standard; - Type 3, when a technical committee has collected data of a di
7、fferent kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the at-t”. Technical reports of Types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical reports of Ty
8、pe 3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful. ISOmR 11552, which is a Technical Report of Type 2, has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 172, Optics and optical Instruments, Subcommittee SC 9 Electra-optical systems,
9、in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization CEN/TC123 Lasers and laser related equipment. This document is being issued in the Technical Report (Type 2) series of publications (according to subclause G.3.2.2 of part 1 of the ISO/IEC Directives) as a “prospective standard for pro
10、visional application” in the field of laser materials processing, because there is an urgent need for guidance on how standards in this field should be used to meet an identified need. This document is not to be regarded as an “International Standard”. It is proposed for provisional application so t
11、hat information and experiece of its use in practice may be gathered. Comments on the content of this document should be sent to the IS0 Central Secretariat. A review of this Technical Report (Type 2) will be carried out not later than three years after its publication, with the options of extension
12、 for another three years; conversion into an International Standard; or withdrawal. Annexes A, 6, C and D of this Technical Report are for information only. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001
13、Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 00:55:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 11552:1997( E) Q IS0 Introduction The objective of this Technical Report is to: a) increase user awareness of the design and operational parameters which affect the performance of las
14、er cutting machines; b) provide a means by which changes in laser performance over a period of time may be detected and the effectiveness of rectification procedures assessed; c) provide a quality assurance tool for use in conjunction with IS0 9000. Because of the enormous variety of materials cut b
15、y lasers, and the wide variation of quality requirements to meet the needs of end users, this Technical Report does not lay down specific tests and quality levels. Instead, guidelines are provided to enable the user to define suitable tests. This Technical Report leaves the design of test pieces to
16、the user. However, an informative Annex (Annex C) describes suitable one-, two- and three-dimensional test pieces. Evaluation procedures are based on IS0 9013. By following these guidelines, it should be possible to provide a single sheet Quality Assurance record card for routine workshop use on pro
17、duction runs. A sample card is illustrated in Annex B. iv Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 00:55:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from
18、 IHS -,-,- TECHNICAL REPORT 0 IS0 ISO/TR 11552: 1997(E) Lasers and laser-related equipment - Laser materials-processing machines - Performance specifications and benchmarks for cutting of metals 1 Scope This Technical Report provides a comprehensive set of measurements, measurement techniques, tools
19、 and common terminology to characterize the performance attributes of laser cutting machines applied to the cutting of metals. The measurement techniques and tools can also be used for recording the characteristics of laser cutting machines and/or tracking the performance of the laser cutting machin
20、e over a period of time. This Technical Report is applicable to both general-purpose and dedicated laser machines. This report contains no absolute performance criteria nor requirements. This report is therefore not applicable to competitive comparison between one manufacturers laser machines and an
21、others. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in the text, constitute provisions of this Technical Report. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and perties to agreements based on thi
22、s Technical Report are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of the IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 9013:1992 Welding and allied processes - Quality classification and di
23、mensional tolerances of thermally cut (oxygen/fuel gas flame) surfaces. IS0 11145:1994 Optics and optical instruments - Lasers and laser-related equipment - Vocabulary and symbols. IS0 11146:-l) Optics and optical instruments - Lasers and laser-related equipment - Test methods for laser beam paramet
24、ers: Beam widths, divergence angle and beam propagation factor. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Technical Report, the definitions given in IS0 11145 and IS0 11146 and the following definitions apply. 3.1 drag angular deviation, behind the direction of cut, of striations visible on the cut sur
25、face from the direction of incidence of the laser beam 1) To be published. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 00:55:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted wit
26、hout license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 11552:1997(E) IS0 3.2 dross unwanted solidified material, including resolidified metal droplets at the beam exit surface of the cut 3.3 full cut cut performed over the whole length of the specimen 3.4 heat-affected-zone width maximum distance, measured normal to th
27、e cut edge, between the cut and points where changes in characteristics by the heat of cutting can be noted NOTE The heat-affected-zone width is expressed in millimetres or micrometres. 3.5 interrupted cut cut performed along only a part of the length of the specimen 3.6 kerf width width of the cut
28、as measured between sound metal on either side of the point of entry of the laser beam into the workpiece. NOTE The kerf width is expressed in millimetres. 3.7 oxidation level maximum thickness of resolidified oxidized metal at the cut edge NOTE The oxidation level is expressed in micrometres. 3.0 p
29、rofile locus of a cut, measured in one, two or three dimensions, as viewed along the laser beam direction NOTE Profile accuracy is a measure of the deviation between the desired and the attained profiles and includes systematic and random variations. 3.9 recast level maximum thickness of resolidifie
30、d metal forming a uniform surface or film at the cut edge, measured normal to the cut surface NOTE The recast level is expressed in micrometres. 4 Machine and process parameters 4.1 General The performance of laser cutting is dependent upon a large number of parameters. This Technical Report provide
31、s a framework and consistent language for these parameters, such that measurements of cutting performance are comparative, both between systems and/or on the same system over time. Obviously, parameters are different for various types or brands of laser devices. Many of the parameters (such as cavit
32、y geometry or gas flow) used to characterize a given device or system are fixed, by design or by factory setting. These are termed “system-invariable” in this Technical Report. Other parameters, such as electrical current adjustment or optical characteristics, can be set for a given function by an o
33、perator. These parameters are referred to as “variable” or “controllable” parameters. Within these major groupings or parameter types, there are those which must be held consistent from test to test, those which should be measured each test (including those which might be measured, but held propriet
34、ary by the use of code or other 2 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 00:55:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 0 IS0 ISO/TR
35、11552:1997(E) means), and those which, though they might be varied or not, make no difference to the consistency of result for this Technical Report. Table 1 provides a category to each type of parameter applicable to establishing a “benchmark” test protocol for laser cutting (see Annex A): Table 1
36、- Categorization of system parameters Category Description 0 Parameters which cannot be varied (system-invariable) Parameters to be kept constant at a known value at each test Parameters to be logged at each test Parameters which are unknown or proprietary (confidential) but will be kept constant at
37、 each test as far as possible 4 Parameters which are not controllable within the scope of this Technical Report I 5 Parameters which are not pertinent to achieving benchmark results in this case I Annex A contains a listing of laser system parameters applicable to benchmark controlled testing. Each
38、parameter is listed with its possible acceptable categories (see Table 1). For example: “Maximum pulse repetition rate (Hz)” may be classed as a “system invariable”, a “parameter to be logged at each test” or it may be irrelevant to the test (e.g. the laser will only operate continuous wave). Althou
39、gh some 150 parameters are listed in Annex A, it is not envisaged that each of these be evaluated individually. The list should, however, be reviewed, and the classification and/or value adopted for each parameter noted, whenever a new test is being established. The format in Annex B provides but on
40、e example of the type of checklist which may be constructed to use this Technical Report. Checklists need not reproduce Annex B, but shall be constructed as appropriate to laser style, use etc. Each user of this Technical Report shall provide his own protocol and checklist which gives the individual
41、 operator guidance on which parameters are required to be adjusted, held constant, and/or tabulated for each respective test. The user may perform this by resolving those parameters from the listing of Annex A which are appropriate to his laser system or installation. First, items in category 4 or 5
42、 may be eliminated from the list. Secondly, items in category 0 or 1 should be identified and listed; test check sheets need refer only to a code number allocated to a particular combination of categories 0 and 1. Each check sheet should then contain a list of codes for category 3 parameters, and a
43、list of logged values for category 2 parameters. The sheet should also contain a code to identify the combination of parameters classed as 0 or 1, unless this combination is invariable. There should be a series title to identify the overall test (see 4.2 below and Annex B). 4.2 Specification of benc
44、hmark test 4.2.1 General A benchmark test specification stipulates for each parameter allocated to category 0, 1, 2 or 3: either a) a value, if the parameter is allocated to 0, 1 or 2, or b) an identifier code, if the parameter is allocated to category 3. Parameters allocated to category 4 or 5 need
45、 not be recorded. 4.2.2 Benchmark test for one-dimensional cutting 4.2.2.1 Specification of sample The samples shall be specified by the user, provided they are of uniform thickness, at least 100 mm long, and meet the requirements of 4.2.2.2. 3 Copyright International Organization for Standardizatio
46、n Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 00:55:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- lSO/TR 11552:1997(E) Q IS0 4.2.2.2 Cutting specification One full cut and one interrupted cut shall be
47、 carried out. The interrupted cut shall be 55 mm f 5 mm long. The cuts shall be performed at a distance of at least ten times the material thickness from the edge of the sample. 4.2.3 Benchmark test for two-dimensional cutting 4.2.3.1 Specification of sample Samples may be designed by the user to su
48、it local requirements. Suitable test samples are defined in Annex C, in which case samples should be of uniform thickness, flat, and of the dimensions shown. Figure C.1 shows an example of a test cut, The size of the test sample can be increased, if required, but the dimensions should remain general
49、ly in the proportions indicated. For repeating patterns, the radii of circles and the base dimension of tooth patterns should be in approximate geometrical progression. 4.2.3.2 Cutting specification for materials up to 20 mm thick Figure C.2 shows a suggested cut for thicker materials. The size of the test sample may be increased