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1、NFPA 22 Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection 2008 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 An International Codes and Standards Organization IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA DOCUMENTS NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF NFPA DOCUM
2、ENTS NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides, of which the document contained herein is one, are de- veloped through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoint
3、s and interests to achieve consensus on fire and other safety issues. While the NFPA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the develop- ment of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgme
4、nts contained in its codes and standards. The NFPA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document. T
5、he NFPA also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. In issuing and making this document available, the NFPA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the NFPA undertaking
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11、rvice, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org, or contact the NFPA at the address listed below. Interpretations of NFPA Documents A statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with Section 6 of the Reg- ulations Governing Committee Projects shall not be considered the official po
12、sition of NFPA or any of its Committees and shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a Formal Interpretation. Patents The NFPA does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items which are mentioned in or are the subject of
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16、s This document is copyrighted by the NFPA. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of safe practices and methods. By making this doc
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19、ttention: Secretary, Standards Council) in writing of such use. For technical assis- tance and questions concerning adoption of NFPA documents, contact NFPA at the address below. For Further Information All questions or other communications relating to NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, a
20、nd guides and all requests for information on NFPA procedures governing its codes and standards development process, including information on the procedures for requesting Formal Interpretations, for proposing Tentative Interim Amendments, and for proposing revisions to NFPA documents during regular
21、 revision cycles, should be sent to NFPA headquarters, addressed to the attention of the Secretary, Standards Council, NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101. For more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org. Copyright 2008 National Fire Protection Ass
22、ociation. All Rights Reserved. NFPA22 Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection 2008 Edition This edition of NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Water Tanks. It was issued by the Standards Council on Decem- ber 11, 2007
23、, with an effective date of December 31, 2007, and supersedes all previous edi- tions. This edition of NFPA22 was approved as anAmerican National Standard on December 31, 2007. Origin and Development of NFPA 22 In 1909, the NFPA Committee on Gravity Tanks developed the Standard on Gravity Tanks. Ame
24、ndments were considered in 1912 and 1913, and the standard was adopted in 1914. Revised or amended editions were adopted in 1915, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1922, 1926, 1928, 1930, 1931, 1933, 1936, 1941, 1949, and 1950. The name of the committee was changed to the Committee on Water Tanks, and its recommend
25、ations resulted in changes adopted in 1957, 1958, 1962, 1965, 1967, 1970, 1971, 1974, 1976, 1978, 1981, and 1987. Tanksotherthangravitytanks(which,atthattime,includedconcretereservoirs)andvalve pits were first covered in 1913, pressure tanks (formerly covered by Standards for Sprinkler Systems) were
26、 covered in 1915, and tank heating was covered in 1922. The standard title has been periodically amended to reflect the expanded scope of the standard. The 1993 edition provided new, environmentally friendly requirements for tank-coating systems. Two new chapters were included to cover the design an
27、d erection of bolted steel tanks and concrete tanks. Information on fiberglass tanks also was included. These changes, along with other editorial changes, reflected the current information for water storage tank design. The 1996 edition of NFPA22 consolidated tank care and maintenance information wi
28、thin a single chapter. Further revisions addressed the corrosion resistance of certain tank compo- nents, access into tanks, the monitoring of internal conditions, and the structural stresses to which tanks are subjected.The figures inAppendix B were revised to reflect current practices. Editorial c
29、hanges were also made. The 1998 edition further addressed environmental issues. All inspection, testing, and maintenance requirements were removed and added to the appropriate chapter of the 1998 edition of NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Pro- tecti
30、on Systems. The 2003 edition was changed to conform to the Manual of Style for NFPATechnical Commit- tee Documents, 2000 edition. Referenced publications were updated. The 2008 edition recognizes the use of fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) tanks with a new Chapter 11. Acceptance test requirements
31、 have been consolidated into a new Chapter 17, “Acceptance Test Requirements,” to improve user-friendliness. 221 NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts, 02169. Technical Committee on Water Tanks Bruce
32、 A. Edwards, Chair Liberty Mutual Property, MA I Rep. Property Casualty Insurers Association of America Robert M. Gagnon, Secretary Gagnon Engineering, MD SE Phillip A. Brown,American Fire Sprinkler Association, Inc., TX IM John R. Conrady,Conrady Consultant Services, Inc., AL U Sullivan D. Curran,F
33、iberglass Tank the unit weight of concrete shall be considered to be 144 lb/ft3(2307 kg/m3). 4.11.2 Live Load. 4.11.2.1 Under normal conditions, the live load shall be the weight of all the liquid when it overflows the top of the tank. 4.11.2.2The unit weight of water shall be considered to be 62.4
34、lb/ft3(1000 kg/m3). 4.11.2.3Proper provisions shall be made for temporary stresses during erection. 4.11.2.4 Where roofs have slopes of less than 30 degrees, they shall be designed to support a uniform weight of 25 lb/ft2 (122 kg/m2) on the horizontal projection. 4.11.3 Wind Load. 4.11.3.1 Under nor
35、mal conditions, the wind load or pressure shall be assumed to be 30 lb/ft2(147 kg/m2) on vertical plane surfaces, 18 lb/ft2(88 kg/m2) on projected areas of cylindri- cal surfaces, and 15 lb/ft2(73 kg/m2) on projected areas of conical and double-curved plate surfaces. 4.11.3.2Where designing for wind
36、 velocities over 100 mph (161 km/hr), all of these specified unit pressures shall be ad- justed in proportion to the square of the velocity, assuming that the pressures are for 100 mph (161 km/hr). 4.11.4 Earthquake Load. 4.11.4.1 Tank structures shall comply with the local building code for seismic
37、 requirements. 4.11.4.2 Specific design criteria shall be contained in the ap- propriate chapter for the particular tank, or in local codes, whichever is more stringent. 4.11.4.3 Flat-bottom tanks shall be designed by a method that accounts for the sloshing of the contents (effective mass method). 4
38、.11.5 Balcony, Platform, and Ladder Loads. 4.11.5.1 A vertical load of 1000 lb (454 kg) shall be assumed to be applied to any 10 ft2(0.93 m2) of area on the balcony floor and on each platform, 500 lb (227 kg) applied to any 10 ft2(0.93 m2) area on the tank roof, and 350 lb (159 kg) on each vertical
39、section of ladder. 4.11.5.2All of the structural parts and connections shall be designed to withstand such loads. 4.11.5.3These specified loads shall not be required to be combined with snow loading. 4.11.6 Columns and Struts. 4.11.6.1 All steel columns and struts shall be designed in ac- cordance w
40、ith AWWA D100. 4.11.6.2 The minimum thickness for any columns in contact with water shall be 0.25 in. (6.4 mm). 4.11.6.3Tubular sections shall not be flattened to form end connections. 4.11.7 Stress Increases. 4.11.7.1Where wind or earthquake loads are considered in calculating stresses, the maximum
41、 permissible increase in working unit stresses shall be one-third, provided the resulting section is not less than required for dead and live loads alone. 4.11.7.2 Wind and earthquake loads shall not be required to be considered simultaneously. 4.11.8 Roof Construction. 4.11.8.1The roof shall be des
42、igned to withstand the forces anticipated during the erection, inspection, testing, and main- tenance of the tank. 4.11.8.2 The maximum allowable uniform live load (in pounds per square foot) and the maximum allowable concentrated load (in pounds) shall be identified on the design drawings and tank
43、nameplate. 4.12 Welding. All welding shall be completed in accordance withAWWAD100,NFPA241,andASMEBoilerandPressureVessel Code, Section IX. 4.13 Roofs. 4.13.1* All tanks shall have roofs. 4.13.1.1OSHA-compliant (29 CFR 1910) standard railing shall be placed around the roof manholes and other accesso
44、- ries that require access. 4.13.2A perimeter roof guardrail is not required on lap- jointed bolted steel tanks when fitted with a manway platform, roof walkway, and guardrails. 4.13.3Guardrails shall be constructed in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR 1910. 4.14 Roof Vent. 4.14.1 Where the steel roof is
45、essentially airtight, there shall be a substantial vent above the maximum water level. 4.14.2 A vent pipe shall have a cross-sectional area equal to a minimum of one-half the area of the discharge pipe(s) or fill pipe, whichever is the larger. 4.14.3A corrosion-resistant screen or perforated plate w
46、ith 38in. (9.5 mm) holes, to exclude birds or other animals, shall be provided and have a net area at least equal to the vent line. 4.14.4In the case of a screen, this requires a gross area at least one and one-half times the cross-sectional area of the discharge pipe(s) or fill pipe, whichever is l
47、arger. 4.14.5The screen or perforated plate shall be protected against the accumulation of sleet. 4.14.6The weather hood above the perforated plate or screen, or its equivalent, shall be readily removable. 229GENERAL INFORMATION 2008 Edition 4.14.7 The overflow pipe shall not be included as vent are
48、a. 4.14.8 The vent shall be permitted to be combined with the roof finial. 4.14.9 Equivalent venting shall be permitted to be used, pro- vided the area cannot be obstructed by sleet, and the ingress of birds or other animals shall be prevented. 4.14.10 Where dual service is specified and where local
49、 health departmentsrequirescreeningventsagainstinsects,anonmetal- lic screen or special fail-safe vent shall be provided to minimize the risk in the event that the insect screens frost over. 4.14.11A roof vent attached to a flanged neck shall be in- stalled on steel tanks prior to entering the tank. 4.14.11.1The flanged neck shall be designed to accommo- date an adequately sized exhaust fan. 4.15 Test Reports. Copies of mill test reports for steel plates and certificates of compliance for bolts and other structural members shall be maintained at the premises of the vendor and