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1、DRILLING,BASIC NOMECLATURE ROTATING TOOLS. Training for Salesengineer,Harald Preusser,Twist drill made by P. Cook, 1770,40% of all metal cutting operations are drilling operations40%的金属切削操作是钻削作业,Drive movements.,Back taper.,Web taper.,Plain cylindrical,Morse taper,Standard shank,Different drill shan
2、ks.,Clearance angle.,10% of diameter,Form A Web thinning,Form B,Form C Split point,Form D Cast Iron,Form E Centre point,E,K,Form U,Form U,Form UV,Drill points.,整体硬质合金钻头刃口结构,reground to 140,point angle normal 118,reground to 90,Main cutting edge design for reground twist drills.,Typ N general purpose
3、,Typ H brittle materials,Typ W soft materials,Basic drill types.,Profile of a twist drill.,Flute geometry.,Flute profiles.,Graph for pecking cycles.,Drilling with bushings.,d2 = d1 + 0,5.1,d1,90 . 130,Step drill for machining with minimum burr formation.,60 - 70% 30 - 40%,Axial forces.,The influence
4、 of tip-angle on the cutting forces.,The drilling process - flute form and rake.,Basic cutting tool geometry.,Neg.,Corr.,Pos.,hard materials,heat treated materials,soft materials,hard materials,Rake angle.,Insufficient clearance causes the drill to rub behind the cutting edge. It will make the drill
5、 work hard, generate heat and increase axial thrust. Results in poor hole quality and drill breakage.,Excessive clearance results in lack of support behind cutting edge with quick dulling and poor toollife despite initial free cutting action. Clearance angle behind cutting tip for general purposes i
6、s 8 - 12 average.,Influence of clearance on performance.,Metal,Composites,Non-Metallics,Materials.,Structural steels,Constructional steels,High grade steels,Unalloyed con- structional steels General structural steels with Rm 0.55% C or Rm 700 N/mm2 (102,000 psi) Alloyed steel,Unalloyed high grade st
7、eels Structural steels with 0.5% C Tool steels 1. to 3. grade Alloyed high grade steels Structural steels, wear-resistant and bearing steels Tool steels, HSS Corrosion resistant steels, stainless and heat-resisting steels,Steel grades.,Corrosion- and acidproof steels,Heat-treatable steels,Structural
8、 components of high stress,Spring steels,High elasticity springs and components,Wear resistant steels,Earth-moving equipment, armour plate,Tool steels,Cutting-, punch-, die- and forming tools,Super alloys,Turbines, nuclear power plants, military, medical,Titanium alloys,Aircraft- and space industry,
9、 motors, medical/dental,Special alloys (i.e. bronzed) and light metal alloys of high toughness,Special purposes,Special Materials and their Application.,Spectrum of Materials,B9_091_E.ppt,50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0,0 150 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1700 1850,Tensile Strength Rm N/mm2
10、,Elongation A5 %,AlSi,Cast Iron (GG/GGG),Steels up to 1000 N/mm2,Steels up to 700 N/mm2,High tensile steels,Clearance wear,Land wear,Crater wear,Metal-cutting conditions are ok.,Forms of wear.,Feed excessive 进给太大,Chisel edge deformed 横刃的变形,Forms of wear.,Cutting speed too high 切削速度太高,Extreme land we
11、ar,Burnt cutting edges,Forms of wear.,Excessive feed or incorrect drill geometry,Build-up edges,Pushed swarf,Forms of wear.,Possible Causes: Feed rate too high Tool is pushing not cutting Spindle speed is too low Possible solutions: Decrease feed rate Decrease hone width Increase rpm,Trouble Shootin
12、g: Chisel edge wear,B8_224_E.ppt,Cratering on Cutting Edge,Possible Causes: Feed rate too high Lip relief too large Improper or no coating Spindle too slow Possible solutions: Decrease feed rate Decrease clearance angle Select proper coating Increase rpm,Trouble Shooting: Cutting Edge Cratering,B8_2
13、25_E.ppt,Possible Causes: Insufficient back taper Tool run-out Possible solutions: Increase back taper Check tool set-up for run-out,Trouble Shooting: Margin Wear,B8_226_E.ppt,Possible Causes: Spindle speed to slow Hone width to large Possible solutions: Increase rpm Decrease hone width,Trouble Shoo
14、ting: Cutting edge build up,B8_227_E.ppt,Wear & Cause,B8_228_E.ppt,Wear & Cause,B8_229_E.ppt,Diameter Material Drilling depth Tool type,Recommended cutting data for drilling.,Oil feed,Internal coolant supply.,MegaJet vs. Twist drill with external coolant,Type of hole: Through hole Diameter: 12.2 mm
15、(.48“) Depth: 30 mm (1.18“) Material: 1.2713 = 55NiCrMoV6V (toolsteel L6) Rm = 970 N/mm2 (141.000 psi) Coolant pressure: 10 bar (142 psi),vc = 37 m/min (SFM 122) f = 0.2 mm/rev (.0078 inch/rev),vc = 42 m/min (SFM 138) f = 0.3 mm/rev (.0118 inch/rev),0 200 400 (0) (7.87) (15.78),Twist drill DIN 1897
16、TIN-coated,A 6292 TIN MegaJet,60 (197) 50 (164) 40 (131) 30 (98) 20 (66) 10 (33) 0,Tool life m (feet),0 200 400 (0) (7.87) (15.78),Feed rate mm/min (IPM),Case study,500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0,Number of drilled holes,Maximum Average Minimum,Cutting test data comparison of ground / rolle
17、d versions.,ALPHA Series,Solid Carbide High-Performance- Drill with Special Flute- and Tip- geometry for Drilling of steel*,140 1,Tip Geometry of Solid Carbide High-Performance-Drill ALPHA 2 / 4,of different short hole drilling tools dia. 12 mm in material 31NiCr14 Rm = 970 N/mm2 (tensile strength)
18、280 HB,600 500 400 300 200 100,Feed rates mm/min,Tool A1211 A1148 A1149TiN A1166 A1164,v m/min 20 25 35 90 90,f mm/rev 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.2 0.25,Typical feed rates,Solid Carbide Drill AlphaJet,115,Carbide Tipped Twist Drill DIN 8037,3-Flute, Solid Carbide High-Performance-Drills with Special Tip Geometr
19、y, OAL to DIN 1897 or 6537 L,K 2167 K30F K 2167 K30F,K 30 F K 30 F, ,= DIN 1897 = DIN 1897,Cast iron materials, Al-alloys Steels,Step drills,A 1166 K30F A 1166 K30F A 1166 TIN A 1167 A A 1167 B A 1168 A 3967,K 30 F K 30 F K 30 F K 30 F K 30 F K 30 F K 30 F, TIN , DIN 1897 DIN 1897 DIN 1897 DIN 1897
20、DIN 1897 = DIN 1897 = DIN 6537L,Titanium, Ni and Co based super alloys Steels, especially high strength series Cast iron materials, brittle AlSi-alloys Wrought Al-alloys Titanium, Ni and Co based super alloys Al-alloys, cast iron materials, non-ferrous metals,Cat. no,Carbide grade,Coating,Flute length,Application range,Maximiza Series,MAXIMIZA,3-Flute Bore Drill,