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1、On the three words sergeants friendsAbstract: The three words, depicts the situation of friends among the literati, both close friend, intimate, bosom friend at the turn, there are snobbish, abandoned righteousness, acquaintances. To understand its inquiry to learn about the social climate during th
2、e late Ming literati class and the ideological outlook. Key words: Feng Meng; three words; scholar; friends Ethics in the Confucian tradition, the friend rank five relationships. As a segment of society Si-min, head of the taxi, compared to the other three, their friends in favor ethics more Strip m
3、oral beliefs and codes of conduct to follow. Three wordswith a book in the middle and lower strata of society will be the main man-made readers, to the general people as the main recipients of tenant streets and marketplaces, it is concerned that a broad social life, universal secular life, ordinary
4、 peoples daily chores. 1 During this period many scholars are involved in the description of friends, from different sides reflected the prevailing social values and the ideological outlook literati class. 1, look for Yuan Origin (1) zeitgeist The Ming Dynasty, is an extreme contradiction era. The f
5、eudal autocracy to play to an extreme, Neo-Confucianism Thought confinement passions. The well-developed commodity economy, social class of structural change brought about peoples moral concepts and values of the update. Neo-Confucianism as the orthodox rule of feudal ideology, is also facing a seri
6、ous challenge secular life. (B) The scholar Feelings Was the mainstay, not a taxi home and country levels in the new trend of the times before the loss of the noble and glorious past. Simin in the late Ming Dynasty significant change in the sequence, with disabilities, though still ranks first in Si
7、-min, but the face of industrial and commercial sectors of the rise, particularly in the growth of business power, fame and fortune, Road and just argue the pecuniary interest Under the impact of looked pale and meaningless. Scholars of traditional concept of fame and fortune, and morality, values,
8、the foundation shaken. This shake has inevitably affected the choice of making friends in and orientation. (C) the concept of a writer Feng Meng stressed the literary works of popular and educational. Three words of the editor, described as Yushi made it clear that , Jingshitongyan , Awaken the comm
9、on saying, that is out persons, whichever is ignorance can lead also. Pass by, whichever may be appropriate customs also. Hang the learning of the tire, and passed on the durable and reliable. 3 carved Shu name, its meaning an ear. 2 obviously intended to persuade people of the world through the nov
10、el, warn and educate the people of the world. As a disability in one, and they are inextricably linked by Feng Meng-long, in his works inevitably into an era, that class of literati in the friends in the sweet and bitter. Second, the truth-phase Chung Due to the different classes and strata, interac
11、tion between people, often subject to social status, economic interests, personal character and interest and other factors and constraints, while the formation of a variety of friendship and relationships. Feng Meng-long friend to separate the three kinds of people knowing each other between the col
12、or: Ende-phase junction persons, that the confidant; Fuxin phase according to persons, that the confidant; Xiangqiu those who complain, thats bosom friend. In this extreme contradiction between the late Ming era, disabilities have been non-traditional taxis, the seeds of capitalism and individual em
13、ancipation, leading to the disintegration of the traditional ethical concepts, the existence of sincere friendship, no doubt echoed in a secular society, foul-down Pure mildly madrigal. (A) known to have been at the turn of Ende-phase junction persons, that the confidant. Both Ende, there are differ
14、ences, that is confidant status at the turn of a disparity between the parties, or monarch and officials, or master and servant, or points on the lower level, or a noble Scholars a mutual appreciation between the meaning, which is usually Zhi Yu said. Three words in the Zhiyu mostly because of his b
15、rilliance or the knowledge to be appreciated, and thus has been guide and support reuse. Ge Pearl get laid off so that the public health due to bow in Shentu Tai Ma sword skill, so that the public mind has been honored as the GE portable Yu Hou, and later in order to get Pearls favorites phase gifts
16、. Between the two goes beyond the feelings of the ordinary master and servant, to turn confidant. Another example is Chen Chang-Dragon Boat Festival immortal, by Chen Chang raw Meimuqingxiu, and is intelligent, non-books do not read history without unreasonable, but life has canopy is hardly officia
17、l Star, can not raise the first three had to do a monk the exercise, go to the temple after the Wu Prince Zhaiseng, outstanding literary talent are reflected in its poetry, favors he has done a Prince House gates monk. Yu-Ju Huang poem encounter in the scholar Yu in Beijing to give an exam does not,
18、 by living all day long, and later on in the restaurant drunk poem was Incognito Travel emperor entrusted with the discovery of high-ranking officials can be reused. (B) intimate at the turn of Fu Xin-phase according to persons, thats icing on the cake easy to intimate, timely help is difficult, but
19、 life and death when the fair-weather friendship Mi significant precious. Fame and fortune is a touchstone for justice relic, in order to risk ones life meaning of friendship, Feng Meng-called heart to pay best friend. Three words, in writing at the turn table of contents there are trials and tribul
20、ations of life and death Wu security to abandon their homes ransom Friends, rams horn mourning risk ones life full pay, Fan Ju Qing Ji Su life and death to pay and so on. When the conflict between the principles and ideals of life, traditional morality that should sacrifice for justice, courage idea
21、l dedication. Only in the mid-Ming, this sort of sacred ideals have gradually for the money, and interests of contamination. For a piece of paper has not been realized, empty promises, a Cuchadanfan chicken Millets request, to be put to net worth of property, or even to pay their lives. Zhang Yang t
22、hat go beyond the secular meaning , precisely in order to point out errors in reality a large number of no meaning . This utilitarian purpose, without any conditions even beyond flesh and blood, marital friendship has been elevated to the highest ideals of life, we can say is meaningless for an idea
23、l dedication do? 3 reposted elsewhere in the paper free download http:/ / (C) bosom friend at the turn of Diet Xiangqiu persons, thats bosom friend. The so-called aficionados, and is due to some kind of emotional communication and the convergence of interests arising from loving the spirit of the bl
24、ending and the mind fit. If the friend, and intimate friendship was also a little at the turn of the existence of certain kindness, interests, bosom friend is more involved in between the pure, more pure. Salon at the turn of when to push Yu Bo-qin Xie bosom friend threw teeth. Bo Ya sub-period of t
25、he story of Levitt emphasized enough. Is worth pondering is that this is placed in Jingshitongyan volume, and poetry into the words: Long said that he had sub-Bao Shu Jin, who argued was Bo Ya-Qin. Dealings, such as this evil ghost, lake sea and air hanging a heart. Then a friend pointed out that kn
26、owing each others name color: or Ende-phase junction, or according to Fu Xin-phase, or both places Xiangqiu. Compared with the first two, both places are naturally congenial fellow at the turn of the pursuit of love congenial spirits, which go beyond the secular conditions, the real reached a heart
27、fit. 3, shallow disdain Intersect the truth while valuable, may be the truth does not prevail, human interaction is not always the truth-phase tilting. As a social-oriented with different kinds of people, both exchanges reveal the truth, another shallow hypocrisy of the secular humans disdain. There
28、 are three kinds of damage made by three friends: snobbish friend, abandoned yu, general friends. (A) at the turn of snobbery Snobbish, also known as market at the turn of the turn, refers to the mentality of commodity exchange to measure the social reality of interpersonal contacts, friends interse
29、ction, not brotherhood, but for fame or fortune. Such as blunt scholar once they cross-Thai in Huang, GU Xiang-called friendly terms with Madrid, it is because horses the family business is good, school is good, have a future, but expect to be able to benefit from them in the future. After the defea
30、t Ma family was, Huang, GU Xiang-g to stay at home hosting horse things, destroying the previous marriage. Another example is Song Xiaoguan reunion of broken carpet enterprises, the Song Song Xiaoguan wifes father being the father of Gujiao, but when a small local administrative officials Road defea
31、t, TB-ridden time, but still hard-hearted among its push into the river to get rid of cumbersome. (B) abandoned at the turn-yi Abandoned at the turn of the original meaning refers to the poor and lowly, or just normal to the intersection, and later abandoned because of the interests and snobbery, an
32、d forget the friendship. This friend is not the truth, the inability to withstand the test, obviously with a utilitarian overtones, often because of one rich and developed at the turn of the abandoned poor and lowly. Such as Gui members outside the dead repent The story Shi Ji relief Guifu five in d
33、anger, not only in silver to give him 320 out of the woods so that Guangxi has again brought together several ten mu of their land available to him, but Shi Ji had passed away , Jiadaozhongluo run into hard times, to help Guifu 5, was the Guis turn against ruthless. The novel use of punishing evil a
34、nd promoting good way to end of the text, giving wake-up call at the same time leaving the loss and despise waking nightmare. (C) acquaintances 3 made the acquaintance Sergeant human shallow Xu Qing everywhere, they might meet by chance, or simply acquaintances friendship is not deep, or just a nodd
35、ing acquaintance beckon. These plain too abstract so-called friendship, from the side reflects the sincere friendship valuable. Du Shiniang Jewel Box in the Sun Fu and LI Jia-meet at the beginning then said: The worlds peoples are all brothers. In the Sun Fu, This time of universal brotherhood that
36、is nothing but a pretty coveted Du Shiniang only. The Lonely Um, Ruen subordinated debt injustice in the house, Ruen make a few ho children of prostitutes floor hall song every day, drinking and having fun, durian Temptress Moon, which is typical of playmates. Zhang Xiaoji chenliu identified uncle t
37、hat likes wandering off to move, there is a group of waves floating lure children to play together, which is a typical fair-weather friends. Trees slope Yoshitora to send the pro- in the ground so that the gun since the Li Xi lun stick, their own rogue group of children, the three friends four frien
38、ds, and his Qing Fang harrier hawk, driving dogs CMZ, Shooters born to play music, which only in order to play as the foundation of friendship, there is no truth at all. 4 Conclusion Literature has always been a reflection of the times of life. Third, the authors made a conscious or adaptation, or c
39、ollect, or edit, or organize the friends thing, praise sincere friendship, contemptuously snobbish too abstract at the turn, on the one hand reflects the interests of the growing thin under the impact of human light at the same time, we also to alert the opportunity of bettering the world of the fes
40、tival parade, for the World Wind has injected a new wave of air. References: 1 Qi-Kun. The history of the Ming dynasty novel, M. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Ancient Books Publishing House ,1997.204-205. 2 may be a lay. Xingshi common saying sequence A. Tributyltin root compiled. Chinese ancient novels set preface and postscript. Beijing: Peoples Literature Publishing House, 1996.780. 3 Duan Jiang Li. Neo-Confucianism with the three wordstwo shot in the moral teachings J. Hunan Normal University, Social Science Journal, 1993, (3): 28.