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1、The Single-chip MicrocomputersAbstract: nowadays, almost nobody are not familiar with the computer. Exactly, peoples life will not continue without the computer. Now, the computer is more and more likely to be used in an automatic system design to imitate human beings brain. This essay will introduc
2、e something about Single-chip Microcomputers.Keywords: SCM, semiconductor, computer1.the history of the SCMModern computer technology, industrial revolution, the world economy from the capital into the economy to knowledge economy. Field in the electronic world, from the 20th century into the era of
3、 radio to computer technology in the 21st century as the center of the intelligent modern era of electronic systems. The basic core of modern electronic systems are embedded computer systems (referred to as embedded systems), while the microcontroller is the most typical and most extensive and most
4、popular embedded systems.Fifties and sixties in the 20th century, the most representative of the advanced electronic technology is wireless technology, including radio broadcasting, radio, wireless communications (telegraph), Amateur Radio, radio positioning, navigation and other telemetry, remote c
5、ontrol, remote technology. The early radio technology to promote the development of electronic technology, most notably electronic vacuum tube technology to semiconductor electronic technology. The development of semiconductor technology lead to the production of integrated circuit, forming the mode
6、rn electronic technology leap from discrete electronics into the era of era of integrated circuits. Semiconductor integrated circuits in the basic digital logic circuits first breakthrough. A large number of digital logic circuits, such as gates, counters, timers, shift registers, and analog switche
7、s, comparators, etc., for the electronic digital control provides excellent conditions for the traditional mechanical control to electronic control. Power electronic devices and sensor technology to make the original to the radio as the center of electronic technology turned to mechanical engineerin
8、g in the field of digital control systems, testing in the field of information collection, movement of electrical mechanical servo drive control object.Semiconductor and integrated circuit technology will bring us a universal age of electronic technology, wireless technology as the field of electron
9、ic technology a part of. 70 years into the 20th century, large scale integrated circuit appeared to promote the conventional electronic circuit unit-specific electronic systems development.Now comes the embedded systems,and the Single-chip Microcomputer or MCU is a typical. If you meet the massive d
10、ata-processing computer system known as general-purpose computer system, then the system can be the embedded object (such as ships, aircraft, motorcycles, etc.) in a computer system called the embedded computer. Embedded system is primarily a computer system, followed by it being embedded into the o
11、bject system, objects in the object system to achieve required data collection, processing, status display, the output control functions, as embedded in the object system, embedded system computer does not have an independent form and function of the computer. SCM is entirely in accordance with the
12、requirements of embedded system design, so SCM is the most typical embedded systems. SCM is the early application of technical requirements in accordance with the design of embedded computer chip integration, hence the name single chip. Subsequently, the MCU embedded applications to meet the growing
13、 demands of its control functions and peripheral interface functions, in particular, highlight the control function, so has international name the single chip microcontroller (MCU, Microcontroller Unit).2.About common single chip STC microcontroller STCs mainly based on the 8051 microcontroller core
14、 is a new generation of enhanced MCU, the instruction code is fully compatible with the traditional 8051, 8 to 12 times faster, with ADC, 4 Road, PWM, dual serial ports, a global unique ID, encryption of good, strong anti-interference. PIC Microcontroller: MICROCHIPs products is its prominent featur
15、e is a small, low power consumption, reduced instruction set, interference, reliability, strong analog interface, the code of confidentiality is good, most of the chip has its compatibleFLASH program memory chips. EMC SCM: Elans products in Taiwan, with much of the PIC 8-bit microcontroller compatib
16、le, and compatible products, resources, compared to the PICs more, cheap, there are many series of options, but less interference. ATMEL microcontroller (MCU 51): ATMEl companys 8-bit microcontroller with AT89, AT90 two series, AT89 series is the 8-bit Flash microcontroller 8051 is compatible with t
17、he static clock mode; AT90 RISC MCU is to enhance the structure, all static methods of work, containing the line can be Flash MCU programming, also known AVR microcontroller. PHLIPIS 51PLC Microcontroller (MCU 51): PHILIPS companys MCU is based on the 80C51 microcontroller core, embedded power-down
18、detection, simulation and on-chip RC oscillator and other functions, which makes 51LPC in highly integrated, low cost, low power design to meet various applications performance requirements. HOLTEK SCM: Sheng Yang, Taiwan Semiconductors single chip, cheap more categories, but less interference for c
19、onsumer products. TI company microcontroller (MCU 51):Texas Instruments MSP430 provides the TMS370 and two series of general-purpose microcontroller. TMS370 MCU is the 8-bit CMOS MCU with a variety of storage mode, a variety of external interface mode, suitable for real-time control of complex situa
20、tions; MSP430 MCU is a low power, high functionality integrated 16-bit low-power microcontroller, especially for applications that require low power consumption occasions Taiwan Sonixs single, mostly 8-bit machines, some with PIC 8-bit microcontroller compatible, cheap, the system clock frequency ma
21、y be more options there PMW ADC internal noise filtering within the vibration. Shortcomings RAM space is too small, better anti-interference.3. Fundamentals of Single-chip MicrocomputersIn contrast to general-purpose CPUs, microcontrollers do not have an address bus or a data bus, because they integ
22、rate all the RAM and non-volatile memory on the same chip as the CPU. Because they need fewer pins, the chip can be placed in a much smaller, cheaper package.Integrating the memory and other peripherals on a single chip and testing them as a unit increases the cost of that chip, but often results in
23、 decreased net cost of the embedded system as a whole. (Even if the cost of a CPU that has integrated peripherals is slightly more than the cost of a CPU + external peripherals, having fewer chips typically allows a smaller and cheaper circuit board, and reduces the labor required to assemble and te
24、st the circuit board). This trend leads to design.A microcontroller is a single integrated circuit, commonly with the following features:central processing unit - ranging from small and simple 4-bit processors to sophisticated 32- or 64-bit processors input/output interfaces such as serial ports (UA
25、RTs) other serial communications interfaces like IC, Serial Peripheral Interface and Controller Area Network for system interconnect peripherals such as timers and watchdog RAM for data storage ROM, EPROM, EEPROM or Flash memory for program storage clock generator - often an oscillator for a quartz
26、timing crystal, resonator or RC circuit many include analog-to-digital converters. This integration drastically reduces the number of chips and the amount of wiring and PCB space that would be needed to produce equivalent systems using separate chips and have proved to be highly popular in embedded systems since their introduction in the 1970s.