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1、本科毕业论文一共需要19项内容，按照装订的顺序排列如下：一、论文总封面二、诚信承诺（需打入论文题目，学生签名）三、目录四、I、正文（封面）五、II、文献综述（封面）六、III、外文翻译（封面）七、IV、相关材料（封面）1. 浙江工商大学外国语学院本科毕业论文任务书2. 开题报告（封面）3. 浙江工商大学外国语学院毕业论文开题报告评审表4. 浙江工商大学外国语学院毕业论文指导卡5. 浙江工商大学外国语学院毕业论文中期检查表6. 浙江工商大学外国语学院毕业论文评分标准（指导教师、评阅人用）7. 浙江工商大学外国语学院毕业论文指导教师评语及评分8. 浙江工商大学外国语学院毕业论文评阅人评语及评分9.
2、 浙江工商大学外国语学院毕业论文答辩评分标准及成绩10. 毕业论文答辩委员会评语与结论11. 毕业论文答辩记录12. 毕业论文评分汇总表毕业论文 题目(中文)： 对中英文商务合同用语的翻译及研究 题目(英文)： The Translation and Study of Diction in Chinese &English Merchandise Contract 学 院 _外国语学院_专 业 _英语_班 级 _英语0305_ _学 号 _0307100508_学生姓名 _马一飞_指导教师 _岳凤梅_ 二七年五月诚信承诺我谨在此承诺：本人所写的毕业论文对中英商务合同用语的翻译及研究的主体均由本
3、人独立撰写，没有抄袭行为。凡涉及其他作者的观点和材料，均作了注释，如出现抄袭及侵犯他人知识产权的情况，愿接受校方的处分。 承诺人： 年 月 日目 录毕业论文正文致谢i英文题目与摘要ii中文题目与摘要ii正文目录iii 正文I-1文献综述-1外文翻译-1中文译文-2外文原稿-3相关材料1. 浙江工商大学外国语学院本科毕业论文任务书2. 开题报告（封面）3. 浙江工商大学外国语学院毕业论文开题报告评审表4. 浙江工商大学外国语学院毕业论文指导卡5. 浙江工商大学外国语学院毕业论文中期检查表6. 浙江工商大学外国语学院毕业论文评分标准（指导教师、评阅人用）7. 浙江工商大学外国语学院毕业论文指导教师
4、评语及评分8. 浙江工商大学外国语学院毕业论文评阅人评语及评分9. 浙江工商大学外国语学院毕业论文答辩评分标准及成绩10. 毕业论文答辩委员会评语与结论11. 毕业论文答辩记录12. 毕业论文评分汇总表毕业论文 题目(中文)： 对中英文商务合同用语的翻译及研究 题目(英文)： The Translation and Study of Diction in Chinese &English Merchandise Contract 学 院 _外国语学院_专 业 _英语_班 级 _英语0305_ _学 号 _0307100508_学生姓名 _马一飞_指导教师 _岳凤梅_ 诺诚信承我谨在此承诺：本人
5、所写的毕业论文对中英商务合同用语的翻译及研究主体均由本人独立撰写，没有抄袭行为。及其他作者的观点和材料，均作了注释，如出现抄袭及侵犯他人知识产权的情况，愿接受校方的处分。 承诺人： 年 月 日AcknowledgementsHere I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation, at the completion of the thesis, to all those who have offered me valuable advice and suggestion.I especially express my sincere
6、 thanks to my Supervisor Yue Fengmei who has patiently guided me through the process of writing this thesis. She has spent a lot of her precious time reading and correcting my paper. Her inspiring commentary and helpful suggestions have been instrumental in improving the quality of the thesis. She h
7、as provided me with a lot of opportunities to show my competence and I have benefited a lot from these precious opportunities.My gratitude should also go to all the professors who have taught me a lot and provided me with lots of valuable books and ideas.The Translation and Study of Diction in Chine
8、se & English Merchandise ContractAbstract:With the economic globalization, global commerce has more and more development. Well then, the contract which is formed within legal procedure to stipulate droit and obligation, becomes more and more important. Contract is the written result of parties arran
9、ging accordant, both of parties should comuse the clauses strictly. However, it is common that dissensions break out between the parties due to the branching in catching on the documents. Whats more, the vague diction of documents is easily imposed by badman to weasel out, and do commercial chicane
10、indeed. In fact, these cases are common occurance, and have a negative effect on external trade. Though, the exact translation has a special signification to commercial contract. Key words: technical terms; formal term; juxtaposition of synonym; translation skills对中英商务合同用语的翻译及研究摘要：交际目的是构成话语范围的主要因素,不
11、同的交际目的要求使用不同的文体,不同的文体具有不同的特征。商务英语与文学英语不同, 是一种实用性很强的功能语体, 商务合同英语在其长期的使用过程中,形成了鲜明的文体特征。它具有准确、简洁、清晰、严谨、规范等独特的文体特征。因此, 如何准确、顺达地进行商务合同英汉互译, 使源语的思想内容、语体风格等在目的语中再现, 是一个值得研究和探讨的课题。关键词：专业术语；正式用语；词语并列；翻译技巧；翻译规则CONTENTS1. Introduction 12. Merchadise Contract and its Characteristics in Terminology.2 2.1 The use
12、 of “shall,may,must,may not”2 2.2 The formal term.3 2.3 The technical term.32.4 Juxtaposition of synonym.33. Merchandise Contract and its Style in Syntax.4 3.1 The difference between English merchandise contract and ordinary English.4 3.2 The main points of contracts drafting.54. Summary of English
13、Documents Translations.64.1 Standards of documents translation.4.2 Policy of documents translation68Conclusion.11References.12I- 14 毕业论文I、正文题目(中文)： 对中英商务合同用语的翻译及研究 题目(英文)： The Translation and Study of Diction in Chinese&English Merchant Contract 学 院 外国语学院 专 业 英 语 班 级 英 语 0305 学 号 0307100508 学 生 姓 名
14、马 一 飞 指 导 教 师 岳 凤 梅 二七 年 五 月I. IntroductionWith the economic globalization, global commerce has more and more development. Well then, the contract which is formed within legal procedure to stipulate the droits and obligations, becomes more and more important. Contract is the written result of partie
15、s arranging accordant, both of parties should comuse the clauses strictly. However, it is common that dissensions break out between the parties due to the branching in catching on the documents. Whats more, the vague diction of documents is easily imposed by badman to weasel out, and do commercial c
16、hicane indeed. In fact, this case are common occurance, and have a negative effect on external trade. Though, the exact translation has a special signification to commercial contract.Different purpose of communion requires different article style, different article style has different characteristic
17、. Unlike traditionary English, English merchandise contract is a type of writing with strong functionality. In long terms using, English merchandise contract have formed some vivid characteristics. There are accurate, laconic, legible, religious, and canonical. So, how to translate English to Chines
18、e or Chinese to English accurately revives the ideology and style of original text , is a question worth probing into and studying.Merchandise Contract is endorsed by the each side of combined management upon the droit and obligation in order to set up a combined management corporation. Contracts ar
19、e the basal legal documents of a combined management corporation, and is the rule of the each side of the combined management corporation. Contracts are the legal gist of solving financial dissension, intermediation and lawsuit. Though it must be prudential in endorsing or translating contracts. The
20、re is a Chinese foreign trade company compensates 2 million dollars instead of geting 2 million from its foreign business partner. There is another example, a publishing company makes a misinterpretation that “this power plant makes 5. 9 m egaw at hour per year(original text is 59 m egaw at hour per
21、 year)”,when translating advertisements for a corporation. Such homologous misinterpretations can be found everywhere, for most translators, it must be pay more attention to.Moreover，a contract in good quality pays much attention to the action of words in expression. The comprehension of word is the
22、 basic of the comprehension of sentence even the translation. It is knowable that the accuracy of selecting words is a much important step in translating contract. No other than apprehending and choosing accurately, we can revive the original text. Due to multifarious reasons, there are lots of mist
23、akes in external documents translation. This mistakes not only present to foreign trade co-operations, but also are common occurance in some books published recently. How to avoid this mistakes and enhance the quality of documents translations is a problem wroth pondering over. With the development
24、of external economic intercommunion, the international merchandise contract becomes more and more popular. Peoplepay more attention to the studies of merchandise document language. The particularity of the legal language which contains the international merchandise contract language, determines this
25、 kind of language has much differentia compared with other kinds of languages, such as technological language, Administrivia language and literary language.Scholars from home and abroad have studied this topic already, and the production is also considerable. In the semantic degree, Mr. Ji Guangyu i
26、ndicates five characteristics of English merchandise contract, there are technical term, archaism, loan word, the juxtaposition of phrase and the usage of “shall”. Miss. KangShumin figures the English merchandise contract knows from other kinds of language in the writing specification and pattern. T
27、he contact English should be precise in phraseology and normative in writing. In the lexical degree, some other scholars have already studied this topic. Mr. MaXiaofeng points out that the style of English legal document determines the limits and requirements of the usage of phrases. It requires the
28、 canonical written phrases, the usage of phrases must be exact, and should use the direct meaning. Henry Weihofen figures that in his book “West Law”, precision usually requires to express repeatedly the same term of the same concept. If it is accurate, do not be afraid of using repeatedly the same
29、phrase. Trying to avoid iterance leads more sentence inaccurate, while the iterance will not.Besides referring to correlative publications, I find that there are not so many publications or articles studying merchandise contract. Some books refer to this discussion appreciably, but they are not gene
30、ral and elaborate. The translation of merchandise contract is a religious course, it needs all-sided study. II. Merchandise Contract and its Characteristics in Terminology Legal documents used to be hand-written in one compact mass. Sentences were very long and often the whole documents were constru
31、cted as a single continuous sentence. The reason for unbroken lines from margin may be to leave no space for fraudulent addition(孙萍，2004:67).Modern documents often have enough blank space which make alteration and addition easier than they used to be. Chinese documents usually first set out the part
32、ys name, family name address or working place, then paint the text, finally is the partys seal, the ideograph of authority commissary, duty and date.However, English documents start as follow format:“This contract/agreement is made/entered into this _th da _(month),_(year) by and between A,_(hereina
33、fter referred to as “Party A”) _ and B, _( hereinafter referred to as “Party B”)”Then, the statement follows this format:Now therefor the mutual covenants and agreement contained herein, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows:Next is the text, at the last is testimonial, as such formatIN W
34、ITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and year first above written(吕昊 刘显正 罗萍，2003:52)In English merchandise contract, the choose of words should be tarnal dainty, it requires professional, formal, accurate. It can be incarnated in this four ways follows.2.1 The use
35、 of “shall, may, must, may not”The four words are too familiar with the people who have learned English. However, in the English merchandise contract they must be used discreetly. The stipulation of droit and obligation makes up of the main body of contract. This four words should be used utterly ve
36、racious. The inaccurate usage just as embed a time bomb in the contract. “Shall, may, must, may not” decide the party respectively the rights(what can be done), the obligation(what should be done),the coercive obligation(what must be done) and the inhibitive obligation( what can not be done). In Eng
37、lish the commonly expression is “may do(rather than “can do”),shall do(rather than “should do” and “ought to do”), must do and may not do”.2.2 The formal termEnglish merchandise contract permeates a mood of dignified and seriousness, which is widely divergent with other English works. Such as:Use mo
38、re “by virtue of” than “due to”, never use “because of”.Take “as regards, with regard, to concerning, relating to” instead of “about”.It would be better to use “in effect”, rather than “in fact”.It takes “cease to do” instead of “stop to do” in expressing the meaning of “停止做”.“何时开会并且由谁主持”,the Englis
39、h merchandise contract expresses as “ The meeting shall be convened and presided by somebody.” In that case, “召开” use the phrase of convene”, rather than “hold/call”; never use “chair” or “ be in charge of” etc. ordinary English phrases, the English merchandise contract prefer to use “ preside”.Use
40、“ miscellaneous” instead of “other matters/events” to express the meaning of “其他事项” .2.3 The technical termsTechnical terms are only used in legal documents such as contracts. They are guarantee of the exact expression in contract words and also the particular phenomenon in legal words. The terms “瑕
41、疵，救济，不可抗力，管辖，损毁、灭失” in the Chinese contract are impenetrable to the laypeople. 2.4 Juxtaposition of synonymThe juxtaposition of synonym in English merchandise contract is due to the preciseness of the documents for one side, the pattern of English merchandise contract for another side. However, in E
42、nglish contract, besides the above-mentioned four technical substantive, nearly every contract includes the “hereinafter referred to as”, “whereas”, “in witness whereof”, “for and on behalf of”, “hereby”, “thereof” empty word appropriative expressions. This is one main characteristic in English cont
43、ract. III. Merchandise Contract and Its Style in Syntax3.1 The difference between English merchandise contract and ordinary English Based on sentence configuration, English merchandise contract has some other characteristics. Documents seldom express with simple sentence, they would rather use numerous attributive subordinate clauses, adverbial subordinate clauses or the juxtaposition of phrase or vocabulary. It is common to find a fill stop over more than ten rows in a legal document. So we