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1、ON APPLICATION OF BODY LANGUAGE IN SECONDARY SCHOOL ENGLISH TEACHING论身势语在初中英语教学中的应用AbstractBody language plays quite an essential role in secondary school English teaching. Applying body language properly and correctly is beneficial to help teachers obtain positive teaching effectiveness, but at pre
2、sent many teachers are still not able to use body language appropriately. This paper points out some problems which exist in the process of applying body language in secondary school English teaching and puts forward the corresponding solutions and main suggestions of using body language through obs
3、erving the application of body language by teachers and interviewing students after classes, and it aims at emphasizing how to appropriately use body language in English teaching. It will be helpful for teachers to avoid blindly applying body language in secondary school English teaching.Key words:
4、body language; English; teacher; suggestion毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。尽我所知，除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或组织已经发表或公布过的研究成果，也不包含我为获得 及其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。对本研究提供过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体，均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。作 者 签 名： 日 期： 指导教师签名： 日期： 使用授权说明本人完全了解 大学关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计（论文）的规定，即：按照学校
5、要求提交毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版本；学校有权保存毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版，并提供目录检索与阅览服务；学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文；在不以赢利为目的前提下，学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。作者签名： 日 期： 学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论
6、文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权 大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。涉密论文按学校规定处理。作者签名：日期： 年 月 日导师签名： 日期： 年 月 日摘 要 身势语在初中英语教学中扮演着十分重要的角色。正确合理地运用身势语有利于帮助教师达到积极的教学效果。但目前仍有很多教师不能恰当合理地运用身势语。本文通过对教师课堂运用身势语的观察以及课后与学生们的访谈，指出了教师在初中英语教学过程中应用身势语的方面所存在的
7、问题，给出了对应的解决对策并提出了使用建议，目的在于强调如何正确应用身势语。这将有助于教师在初中英语教学中避免盲目地使用身势语。关键词：身势语；英语；教师；建议IntroductionIn the 21st century, economic globalization has a great influence on the ways of peoples living and surviving, and the competition of the comprehensive national strength is more and more fierce, while behind
8、the competition, it is the competition of the quality of education, the development of technology and elite of genius. However, foreign language teaching makes a special contribution to it, yet it still needs promoting and its teaching methods have many problems. So does secondary school English tea
9、ching. Body language, a kind of nonverbal communication that conveys emotions and exchanges information through body movements, such as eye contacts, facial expression, gestures and posture and so on, is an indispensable way in teaching English efficiently. Appropriately applying body language can i
10、mprove teaching quality and efficiency and make the class full of vividness and interesting. There are many evidences can prove body language is important no matter in study or communication. A famous anthropologist E T Hall pointed out: “silent language expresses more information than verbal langua
11、ge because it contains much information” (Hall, 1959: 32). And an American scholar Julius Fast seems to support this view, in the book The Silent Language, he states speech is silver and silence is golden (Fast, 1970, cited in Deng, 2009). Besides, Shen Minxian, the writer of The Use of the Body Lan
12、guage in Elementary School, mentions the artistry of body language, including eye contacts, facial expressions, gestures, and posture. He also argues the body language has a function of attracting students attention and complementing spoken language in class teaching (cited in Shen, 1999: 126). More
13、over, the book A Caurse in English Language Teaching emphasizes the importance of using body language for teachers taking activities in the classroom in order to create a happy, warming and comfortable learning atmosphere for interacting between teachers and students (cited in Wang, 2006: 159). Neve
14、rtheless, some teachers could not appropriately use body language in their teaching class. Its worth finding out using problems and correcting them in time in order to help teachers gain teaching goals easily.This study focuses on pointing out problems of applying body language in secondary school E
15、nglish teaching and putting forward the corresponding solutions through observing the process of teachers teaching and interviewing students so that help teachers avoid improperly using body language. This paper divided into three parts. The first part is the general introduction of body language, i
16、ncluding the definition, features and classification of body language; the second part provides the application of body language in secondary school English teaching in details which contains problems and solutions of applying body language; and the last part explores main suggestions of applying bo
17、dy language in secondary school English teaching.1 General introduction of body language Body language is one kind of the nonverbal communication which plays an essential role in people daily communicating life and it is necessary to introduce to people in order to smoothly communicate without misun
18、derstanding.1.1 The definition of body language Many definitions of body language have been formulated by various forms as the following demonstrated: The Oxford English Dictionary (revised in 2005) definition is: “Body language, noun, the conscious and unconscious movements and postures by which at
19、titudes and feelings are communicated. For example, his intent was clearly expressed in his body language” (Jiang, et al., cited in, Zhuang, 2009).Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary (the sixth edition) provides a different definition: “body language, noun, and the process of communi
20、cating what you are feeling or thinking by the way you place and move your body rather than by words” (Lu, 2004:175).In conclusion, body language is the conscious and unconscious transmission and interpretation of feelings, attitudes and moods through a series of physical movement and surroundings a
21、nd relationship to others.1.2 Features of body languageFirst, the same body language with different meanings. For example, “stamp ones foot in China means angry, regret or frustrated, but in English countries it means impatient” (Deng & Liu, 1989: 149).Second, different body language is with similar
22、 conception. There are two different body languages to express “I am full”. Chinese people always touch or pad their stomach gently but people in western countries usually put a hand in their throat which means they are full.Third, body language in one culture is without equivalent. Some body langua
23、ge only exists in one culture. For example, chewing ones fingernails emotionally indicates stress, worry and does not know what to do.1.3 Classifications of body languageIn the intercultural communication, the most common way to classify the body language is by the movement of human body. Samovar us
24、ed the term “body behavior”, and classified it into appearance, body movement, facial expression, eye management, touching, sub-language, olfactic behavior, and so on. “Brosnahan uses “gestures” to refer to touching, space, appearance posture, body behavior, arm movement, leg movement, hand movement
25、, head movement, facial expression, eye management, noisy and silent decorations, the environment, and so on” (Hu, 1995, cited in Wang, 2011: 465). From all these ways of classification, people can know body language mainly includes the movement of every part of a mans body, not just limits to the b
26、ody movement. This paper will introduce the eye language, facial expression, gesture and posture in details. 2 The application of body language in secondary school English teaching With the diversity of the methods of teaching, body language has been used in English teaching, especially in primary s
27、chool English teaching and secondary school English teaching. Therefore, the author will give some information about applying body language in details with some examples by observing other teachers body language in English teaching and interviewing students about their views of using body language i
28、n teaching class.2.1 The current situation of secondary school English teaching To begin with, according to the questionnaire, there are some statistics about the satisfaction toward learning from students. In cities, 72% pupils feel happy or very happy about going to school, while there are only 27
29、% secondary school students who are in Grade Three think that it is happy to go to school; in countries, just only 32% students acknowledge that it is happy to go to school (Yin & Chen, 2004: 36). The causes are many-sided, but the main factor is of teachers inhospitality and violence and strict, an
30、d some teachers have a terrible impression on students, which makes students feel that “the hearts of their teachers are full of ice!”At present, secondary school English teaching faces two important problems: the level of English teaching is low behindhand and the methods of English teaching are si
31、mple and out, which lead to coming out many deaf-English and dummy-English learners, and even some students quit their English study because of lacking of basic English knowledge and no interest in learning English. It could not be denied that some old English teachers treat them as superior teacher
32、 and they think their experience is more authoritative than others, so they just teach in an usual way only for seeking high marks instead of ignoring the demand of their students; and some teachers just only for finishing their task to teach, they dont care about what their students really need and
33、 have learned. Only a small part of teachers can do well in both teaching knowledge and arousing students interest. Therefore, the pressing task is to find out these teaching problems in deals and give some corresponding solutions to solve them. Just as the saying goes, there are not bad students bu
34、t poor teachers in the world.2.2 The accessibility and necessity of applying body language in secondary school English teaching Body language is as a fresh way to enrich the methods of teaching in secondary school English teaching because there is some accessibility and necessity of applying body la
35、nguage in secondary school English teaching.2.2.1 The accessibility The accessibility of applying body language can be analyzed in two aspects. One is from the perspective of secondary school students characteristics. The other is from the respect of students attitudes toward English learning. The f
36、irst aspect is secondary school students characteristics. Secondary school teachers face juvenile students who are easily influenced by others. Due to their characteristics, they not only absorb understanding and knowledge through teachers words, but also get information and affect from teachers bod
37、y language. On one hand, secondary school students attention is unstable. Only when the matter is vivid and particular will pupils pay much attention to it. Conversely, they often act absent-mindedly. By using intriguing body language, teachers could provoke secondary students interest and make stud
38、ents stay on the ball. On the other hand, the concrete thinking in imagery increasingly changes into the abstract thinking in logic, which is the fundamental characteristic of secondary school students mental development. However, the abstract thinking in logic is closely linked to perceptual experi
39、ence (Zhu Zhixian, 2003: 323). Teachers can demonstrate objects or conceptions through body language in order to make it clear in an audio-visual context. For example, the vocabulary words exciting and angry are emotional words which can be distinguished by students direct sense for facial expressio
40、ns presented by their English teachers. The second aspect is secondary school students attitudes toward English learning. English is difficult for students to learn well, which needs persistence and a strong mind. However, students are often unmotivated because they are forced to read texts and new
41、words again and again in class and do a lot of homework after class. So students are often reluctant to do what their teachers request and feel a sense of overall boredom with the class. To create a stress-free learning atmosphere, teachers should get rid of the old pattern: they present what they p
42、repared for the class on blackboard, have all the students take notes and hope to ram the knowledge into the students mind. Under such circumstances, students cannot be expected to study well and they should not be blamed. It is not because they lack learning abilities and skills, but rather because
43、 the pressure resulting from the teachers methods of teaching. Therefore, teachers may introduce more body language in teaching process to create an enjoyable learning atmosphere. 2.2.2 The necessityThere are two factors leading to the necessity of applying body language in secondary school English
44、teaching. One is the relationship between body language and the English subject, and the other is the relationship between body language and English teaching objectives in secondary school. The first factor is the relationship between body language and English subject. Qualityoriented education espe
45、cially emphasizes each students emotion, inspires his or her interest in English, and assists him or her to develop self-confidence in English study and respects student-individuality. Body language can be used appropriately and successfully in these aspects. For example, in the process of answering
46、 one question, the teachers kind eyesight will encourage pupils to think it over seriously and give an answer calmly. The second factor is the relationship between body language and English teaching objectives. Applying body language is essential to achieve English teaching objectives. Education adm
47、inistration draws up the following objectives: “learning participation, cooperation and consultation; establishing curiosity in English; enjoying listening to English; being able to play a simple role; comparing the difference among different countries and regions; knowing some customs and understan
48、ding the culture of foreign countries” (Wang, 2006: 121). Most of those depend on body language which can stimulate students interest and keep them clear-minded in English study. Besides, applying body language can lead students to do some activities to practice their oral English. Whats more, students can discover the diversity of applying body language through cross-cultural customs.2.3 Decent application of teachers body language in secondary school English teaching