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1、Section Learning about Language .单词拼写 根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词 1Mrs. White found her husband surrounded(包围) by letters and papers. 2The gap between urban and rural areas has gradually narrowed(缩小) in recent years. 3I often walk my dog in the woods(树林) behind my house. 4We took a raft downstream(随波向下) along
2、 the Wanquan River, enjoying the beautiful scenery on both banks. 5The stream runs through the valley(山谷) into the river at the foot of the mountain. 6People used to think the earth was flat, not round. 7His father is a merchant(商人) and often busy trading with other people. 8Jack has gone to a remot
3、e mountain village to do some voluntary work for two months. 9My colleague told me yesterday that he would resign and work for another company. 10 They put all the goods they needed into a shopping cart and left the supermarket. .拓展词汇 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1wood n. (常作复数)树林；U木料wooden adj. 木制的 1surround v
4、t. 围绕 ； 环绕surrounding adj. 周围的surroundings n. (pl)环境 2hill n. 小山；丘陵hilly adj. 多山的；丘陵起伏的 3narrow vi.变狭窄 adj. 狭窄的；勉强的narrowly adv. 狭窄地；勉强地 4distant adj. 遥远的distance n. 距离 寻规律、巧记忆 n.yadj.只有复数形式的名词一览 hillhilly windwindy tastetasty sunsunny goods 货物 clothes 衣服 trousers 裤子 scissors 剪刀 .补全短语 根据提示补全下列短语 1at
5、/on the edge of 在的边缘 2at least至少 3be heavy with有大量的；充满 4have four weeks off休假四周 5be impressed by对留下深刻印象 6go through经受，经历；用完；检查 7take advantage of利用 8point at指着 9make a detour绕道 10. in the distance在远处 .选词填空 选用上述短语的适当形式填空 1I could see a man in the distance，but could not make out who he was. 2Last summ
6、er，we had two weeks off and we decided to take advantage of this chance to go on a trip to the Three Gorges. 3Experts say adults need at least 7 to 8 hours of sleep a night to keep their body functioning well. 4Peter often makes mistakes in work，so he is on the edge of being fired. 5Go through your
7、homework carefully before you hand it in. 寻规律、巧记忆 “充满”短语荟萃“v.through”短语集汇 be heavy with be filled with go through 经历；穿过 get through 用完；耗尽 be full of be crowded with pull through 康复；痊愈 see through 看透；识破 背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实 1.He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher t
8、raining college. 他和一位同事将在那里的一所教师 进修学院教两年英语。 “beto do” 结构。 他们明天上午十点钟将一 起去拜访老师。 They are to pay a visit to the teacher together at ten tomorrow morning. 2.We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda. 我们可以目睹太阳在白塔后面落 下。 “see宾语 十宾补” (现在 分词)。 我们发现入口处正站着一 群人。 We saw a crowd of people standing at t
9、he entrance. 3.On a distant mountain was a sign in 20foot characters. 远山上写着 20 英尺见方的汉字。 全部倒装句。 山顶有座庙。 On the top of the mountain stands a temple. at the edge of 在的边缘 (教材 P41)Cliffs are the steep sides of mountains at the edge of a river or the sea. 悬崖是河边或海边的山的陡峭的那面。 on the edge of 在的边缘；快要 I heard th
10、e birds singing at the edge of the woods. 我听到林边的鸟儿在歌唱。 Dont put the glass on the edge of the table. 不要把杯子放在桌子边上。 surround vt.围绕；环绕 (教材 P41)A lake is an area of water surrounded by land.湖是由陆地围绕的一片 水域。 (1)surround sb./sth.with.sb./sth. 使某人/某物包围某人/某物 be surrounded with/by 被环绕 (2)surrounding adj. 周围的，附近
11、的 surroundings n. 环境 We stood at the edge of the lake，which is surrounded with/by trees. 我们站在湖边，这个湖的四周被树木环绕。 She likes to surround herself with beautiful things. 她喜欢身边有漂亮的东西。 We lived in a house surrounded by trees，and most of the trees surrounding the house were pine trees.(surround)我们住在一所被树木环绕的房子里
12、，环绕在房子周 围的树木大部分是松树。 trade vt.&vi.做生意 n.交易 (教材 P42)They are mainly for goods and people trading along the river. 它们主要是用来运货的，乘客多是沿江做生意的人。 trade .with sb.与某人做生意/交易 trade in . 做方面的生意 trade sth.for sth. 用某物换取某物 Developing foreign trade is very important for our country.发展外贸对我国很 重要。 We have been trading w
13、ith that company for many years in clothing.我们与那 家公司做服装生意已有多年了。 Tom traded an apple for a pen with Alice. 汤姆用一个苹果和爱丽丝交换了一支钢笔。 narrow v(使)变狭窄；缩小 adj.狭窄的；勉强的 (教 材 P42)The gorge narrows to 350 feet as the river rushes through the twomilehigh mountains. 当急流穿过两英里高的峡谷时，峡谷变窄了，只有 350 英尺。 narrow down 缩小的范围，限
14、制 narrow .to . 把局限在之内 have a narrow escape 九死一生，幸免于难 We are working even harder now to narrow the gap between the advanced team and ours. 我们现在更努力地工作是为了缩小我们队和高级队的差距。 We have narrowed down the list to four candidates.我们把范围缩小到四位候 选者身上。 She narrows her life to a certain circle of friends. 她把她的生活局限在一个特定的
15、朋友圈中。 at (the) least 至少；起码 (教材 P42)“Oh，well， ” my friend said， “at least we have two more left.” 我的朋友说：“噢，还好，至少我们还有另外两个峡谷。” not in the least (not at all) 一点也不 last but not least 最后但同样重要的是 at(the) most 至多 The film is not in the least interesting. 这部电影一点儿意思也没有。 Last but not least，its everyones respons
16、ibility to make good use of water. 最后但同样重要的是，充分利用水资源是我们每个人的责任。 His grandfather must be at most 70 years old. 他的祖父肯定最多 70 岁。 go through 经过；经历；详细检查；通过；完成 (教 材 P42)The next day we went through the big gorges on the Yangtze River. 第二天，我们经过了长江的几个大峡谷。 写出下列句中 go through 的含义 I had just gone through my homew
17、ork when the telephone rang. 完成 The plan went through, which made us all happy. 通过 I went through my homework to make sure that nothing had been missed. 详细 检查 Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important. 经历 go after 追求；追逐 go by 过去；流逝 go again
18、st 不利于；违背；反对 go out 熄灭；不时兴；出去 I was reading magazines in the room when all of a sudden the light went out 我在房间里看杂志，突然灯灭了。 distant adj.遥远的；远亲的；冷漠的 (教材 P42)On a distant mountain was a sign in 20foot characters.“Build the Three Gorges Dam，Exploit the Yangtze River， ” it said. 远山上写着 20 英尺见方的汉字：“建造三峡大坝，开
19、发长江资源” 。 写出下列句中 distant 的含义 The airport is about ten miles distant from the city.遥远的 Shes always very distant with Ann since they broke up.冷漠的 A distant relative is not as good as a near neighbour.远亲的 distance n 距离 in the distance在远处 at a distance隔一段距离；距离稍远一些 at a distance of .在远的地方 keep .at a dista
20、nce与保持一定距离 It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance. 很难搞懂她，因为她总是与每个人保持一定距离。 The picturea girl is staring at the mountain in the distance looks more beautiful at a distance. 那幅(女孩凝望远山图)，隔段距离欣赏起来会更漂亮。 (教 材 P42)He and a colleague were to spend two years there t
21、eaching English at a teacher training college. 他和一位同事将在那里的一所教师进修学院教两年英语。 【要点提炼】 “beto do”结构表将来。 “beto do”结构用法如下： (1)表示按计划、约定要做某事 (2)表示命令、指示、劝告、义务等 (3)表示事情发展的结果或不幸的遭遇 We neednt do work tomorrow，because the machine is to be repaired by others. 明天我们不用工作，因为要让人修理这台机器。 We are to meet at the station at fou
22、r this afternoon. 我们今天下午四点在车站见面。 No one is to leave (leave) the room without my permission. 不经我的允许，谁也不能离开这个房间。 (教材 P42)On a distant mountain was a sign in 20foot characters.“Build the Three Gorges Dam，Exploit the Yangtze River， ” it said. 远山上写着 20 英尺见方的汉字：“建造三峡大坝，开发长江资源” 。 【要点提炼】 本句为完全倒装，正常语序为 a sig
23、n in 20foot characters was on a distant mountain。 有时为了强调表语，或者为了保持句子的平衡，通常把作表语的介词短语、 形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成完全倒装。这种倒装的时态只限于一般现在 时或一般过去时。 构成完全倒装的条件： (1)表示方位的 here， there， up， down， out， in， away 等 ； 表示时间的 now， then 等以及表示地点的介词短语位于句首时 (2)句子的谓语动词是系动词 be，come，go，lie，stand 等不及物动词 (3)句子的主语是名词 (2019全国卷)At the base
24、is a rainforest. 在山脚下是一片热带雨林。 The door opened slowly and there stood the woman. 门慢慢打开，那位女士就站在那里。 On a wall of the classroom is (be) a slogan， “Where there is a will，there is a way.” 在教室的一面墙上有一幅标语：“有志者，事竟成。” Under the tree sat (sit) a boy who was reading a book. 树底下坐着一个正在看书的男孩。 名师点津 如果句子中的主语不是名词，而是人称
25、代词，主语和谓语部分语序不变。 (教材 P42)Every rock looked like a person or animal, every stream that joined the great river carried its legends, every hill was heavy with the past. 【分析】 该句由三个句子构成排比句，在第二个分句中包含一个 that 引导 的定语从句修饰先行词 every stream。 【翻译】 块块巨石形象各异，条条支流流淌着传说，座座小山承载着过往。 .单句语法填空 1Even if you cant help him, a
26、t least you can give him encouragement. 2The wide road narrows(narrow) before it crosses another stream. 3 Almost all economists agree that nations gain by trading(trade) with one another. 4Surrounded (surround) by the clear waters，this forest provides visitors with a wonderful chance to see some en
27、dangered birds in the world. 5It is warm all the year round in that distant(distance) village. 6If a man is to succeed (succeed)，he must work as hard as he can. 7I always start the day by going through my email. 8He stood at the edge of the lake，taking pictures of the beautiful sunset. 9South of the
28、 city lies (lie) a factory. 10 She has a nature that quickly won her the friendship of her colleagues(colleague) .单句改错 1Id like to bring up my child in healthy surrounding. surroundingsurroundings 2The police had narrowed down their list of suspects，but the murderer narrow escaped being caught.narro
29、wnarrowly 3Under the tree sit a pretty girl.sitsits/sat 4Its better for you to keep him at distance.at 后加 a 5The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carrying out the next year.carryingcarried .完成句子 1他住在一座古老的城镇里，城镇的四周都是美丽的树林。 He lives in a very old town (that/which is) surrounded
30、by/with beautiful woods. 2在现代，很多年轻人喜欢在网上与他人做生意。 In modern times, many youths like trading with others on the Internet. 3透过窗子，我看到她正在院子里浇花。 From the window, I saw her watering the flowers in the court. 4窗户边坐着一位年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。 By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 5你们要在今天下午五点以前回来。 You are to be back before five 5 oclock this afternoon.