《2019-2020英语选修十一讲义：Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Word power & Grammar and usage 含答案.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2019-2020英语选修十一讲义：Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Word power & Grammar and usage 含答案.pdf（10页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、Section Word power & Grammar and usage (教材 P6)When you consider the career path you want to follow，it is useful to think about jobs in categories. 考虑你要经历的求职之路时，把它们分类思考是有帮助的。 【句式分析】 Its adj.(of/for sb.) to do sth.是一种常用的句型结 构。其中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。形容词通常是 necessary， important，dangerous，difficult，har
2、d，easy，impossible 等表示事物的特点或特征 的词时， 用 for； 当形容词是 kind， nice， good， bad， wise， clever， silly， foolish， careless， rude，brave，cruel，careful，grateful 等表示人的特征或特点的词时，须用 of。 It s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. 对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。 It s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我，真好。 完成句子 你真聪明，解出了
3、这道数学题。 the maths problem. 在日常生活中你练习英语口语是非常重要的。 your oral English in daily life. 【答案】 Its clever of you to work out Its very important for you to practise practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的；注重实际的 (教材 P6)There are jobs that are practical，such as carpenters，hairdressers， dressmakers and chefs. 有实用的工作，例如，木工、理发师、
4、裁缝和厨师。 He is a practical person. 他是一位很讲实际的人。 Tom likes joining practical activities. 汤姆喜欢参加实践活动。 a practical method 实用的方法；有效的方法 a practical proposal 切实可行的建议 for (all) practical purposes 实际上 Yours is a practical proposal. 你的建议切实可行。 For all practical purposes，it was useless. 实际上它毫无用处。 完成句子 实际上，这种产品毫无价
5、值。 This kind of product is worthless . 试验表明，这是一个有效的方法。 The test shows it is 【答案】 for all practical purposes a practical method include v包含；包括 (教材 P6)These jobs include nurses，doctors，dentists and babysitters. 这些工作包括护士、医生、牙医和保姆。 I include eggs on the list of things to buy. 我在要买的货单上包括了鸡蛋。 The universi
6、ty includes ten colleges. 该大学有 10 个学院。 include.in/on.把列为的一部分，将列在上 included pp. 包括在内的(过去分词，用于名词之后) including prep. 包括，包含(用于名词前) The farm includes 150 acres，but only ten people are working on it，including a cook. 这个农场有 150 英亩，但却只有十个人干活，其中还包括一个厨师。 Many people were dancing on the square when I passed by
7、， including Helen/Helen included. 我经过时，许多人正在广场上跳舞，包括海伦在内。 include/contain include 意为“包含并使之成为一部分” contain意为“含有，装得下” The list included his name. 这个名单上包括他的名字。 Rice contains protein and fat. 大米含蛋白质和脂肪。 用 include 和 contain 的正确形式填空 He his fear. All animals， men，feed on plants or other animals. His school
8、bag a lot of books， a cartoon book. 【答案】 contained including contains；including (教材 P6)Included in this category are singers，actors and musicians. 这种分类中包括歌手、演员和音乐家。 【句式分析】 本句是一个完全倒装句，其结构是：表语be主语。主语 太长，为了平衡句子结构的需要，将表语提前。充当表语的主要有形容词、现在 分词和过去分词。 Present at the meeting are ten famous writers. 十位著名作家出席了这
9、次会议。 Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes. 里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又大又黑的奇怪生物。 Located in the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower，which is often called the CN Tower for short. 加拿大国家电视塔坐落于多伦多市中心，常被简称为 CN 塔。 完成句子 山坡上长满了各种各样的野花。 wild flowers of all kinds. 我
10、们缺衣少食的日子一去不复返了。 when we are short of food and clothing. 教我们英语的刘老师出席了这次聚会。 ，who taught us English. 【答案】 Growing on the hillsides are Gone are the days Present at the party was Mr.Liu be based on 建立于基础之上 (教 材 P6)There is also a new category of jobs that are based on information technology，such as comp
11、uter software engineers. 也有以信息科技为基础的新工作种类，例如电脑软件工程师。 This story is based on facts. 这个故事是有事实根据的。 Most business or economic relations are based on trust. 多数商业或经济关系都是建立在信任的基础之上的。 base.on/upon. 把建立在；以为根据 be based on/upon 以为根据(基础) basis n. 原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础 on the basis of 在基础上 basic adj. 基础的；基本的 One sho
12、uld always base one s opinion on facts. 我们应总是把自己的观点建立在事实的基础上。 The company has set up its new base in the north. 这家公司在北部设立了新的基地。 句型转换 You should base your conclusion on careful research. Your conclusion should careful research. Teaching is an art which is based on science. Teaching is an art science.
13、 【答案】 be based on based on as well 也；还 (教材 P6)Do not forget that there are public service jobs as well，such as police officers and firefighters. 别忘了还有公共服务行业，比如警察和消防员。 He speaks English and Spanish as well. 他既能说英语，也能说西班牙语。 may/might as well 不妨；还是的好 as well as 不但而且；既又；和一样好 pretty well 几乎；差不多 I neednt
14、wait.I may as well tell you now. 我不必等了，不妨现在就告诉你。 Your wife as well as you is friendly to me. 不仅你而且你的妻子也对我很友好。 Hes pretty well finished his latest book already. 他最近的一本书已差不多完成了。 【提示】 as well 常用作状语，作“又；也”解，相当于 too 或 also，常位于 句末，无须用逗号与句子分开。 as well as 常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词短语等。 它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提及。因此
15、连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前 一项一致；翻译时要先译后面，再译前面。而用 not only.but also.连接时，谓语 动词与后一项一致。 用适当的短语填空 I am going to London and my sister is going Electric energy can be changed into light energy into sound energy. If you find it unworkable，we call the deal off. 【答案】 as well as well as may as well get on with 进步；进展；继续做；与
16、相处 (教材 P7)I had better stop thinking about jobs and get on with my homework. 我最好停止思考关于工作的问题，继续做我的家庭作业。 I find it hard to get on with my colleagues. 我发现和同事相处很难。 Hed rather just get on with his job. 他宁愿只是做好自己的本职工作。 get on 进行；上车；上马；变老 get in 插话；收获；到达 get over 克服(困难等)；(从疾病等中)恢复过来 get through 通过；拨通(电话)；做
17、完；用光(钱等)；吃光(食物等) They got on at this station. 他们是在这个站上的车。 The farmers are getting the crops in now that they are ripe. 庄稼熟了，农民正在收割。 We had to get over many difficulties. 我们必须克服很多困难。 【提示】 get on withget along with；表示“和某人相处融洽”要用 get on/along well with sb.。 完成句子 安静下来，继续做你的工作。 Be quiet and your work. 我一
18、个晚上就看完了这本小说。 I the novel in one evening. 一旦克服了这些困难，工作进展就快了。 Once these difficulties were ，the work would speed up. 【答案】 get on with got through got over familiar adj.熟悉的；通晓的 (教材 P8)For a simile to be effective，readers must be familiar with the things being compared. 为了让明喻有效果，读者必须对所比较的物体很熟悉。 The man
19、seemed familiar，but I could not quite place him. 这人很面熟，但是我认不出他是谁。 The place felt familiar to me. 这个地方我隐约觉得有点熟悉。 be familiar to 为所熟悉 be familiar with 熟悉；通晓；精通 make oneself familiar with 同熟悉起来；同亲近起来 (2019全国卷)It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people aren t already familiar with. 它也不要
20、求采用人们并不熟悉的一种新技术来操作。 The word is not familiar to me. 我不认识那个词。 At last he appeared to have made himself familiar with his surroundings. 最后，他似乎把房间里的情形摸熟了。 用适当的介词填空 His name seems familiar me. I am not very familiar European history. Firstly，we should make ourselves familiar the place where we live. 【答案
21、】 to with with 英语修辞中明喻和暗喻 一、Simile(明喻) 1基本概念 Simile(明喻)是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，与汉语的明喻相似，它指的 是将具有共性的不同事物或现象做对比，表明本体和喻体的关系。在明喻中，本 体和喻体均同时出现在句中，在形式上是相对应的。注意，用于对比的事物或现 象之间的共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。 2基本格式 基本格式：本体 显著比喻词 喻体 3常见标志词 Simile 的常用标志词有 like， as， seem， as if， as though， similar to， such as 等。 4典型实例 (1) as 像一
22、样，as.as 像一样，as if/though 好像，像似的，as it were 好像，似乎，仿佛 Hes not as honest a man as I thought. 他不像我想象的那样诚实。 He looked as if he had seen a ghost. 他那副惊骇的样子就像见到了鬼似的。 This socalled antique， as it were， is a fake.这个所谓的古董， 看上去好像是古董， 但实际上是赝品。 (2) compare.to 把比作，comparison of sth. to sth.把比作 Shakespeare compared
23、 the world to a stage. 莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。 His comparison of the heart to a pump helped the children understand its action.他 将心脏比作打气筒(抽水机)有助于孩子们了解心脏的作用。 (3) like 像一样，something like 与类似，有点像，seem 好像， similar to 与相似 The human history is like a long river. 人类历史像一条长河。 The house looks something like a castle. 那房
24、子看上去有点像一座城堡。 Johns taken up stampcollecting；he seems really bitten by it.约翰已经着手集 邮，好像真入迷了。 Their educational system is similar to that in the United States.他们的教育制度和 美国的差不多。 (4) may as well.as 做某事正如 One might as well throw money into the sea as lend it to William. 把钱借给威廉，就好像把钱扔到海里一样。 (5) no more.than
25、 像一样不；和都不 I know no more Spanish than I know Greek. 我对西班牙语和希腊语同样都不懂。 (6) As A is to B，so C is to D C 之于 D，犹如 A 之于 B；A is to B as C is to D A 之于 B，犹如 C 之于 D；A is to B what C is to D A 之于 B，犹如 C 之于 D As soul is to a body，so love is to a home. 爱之于家庭犹如灵魂之于身体。 Air is to man as water is to fish. 空气之于人犹如水之
26、于鱼。 Air is to us what water is to fish. 我们离不开空气，就像鱼儿离不开水一样。 二、Metaphor(暗喻) 1基本概念 Metaphor(暗喻)，指的是用甲事物来指代与其所指事物有相似特点的乙事物。 暗喻是一种含蓄的比喻，是利用不同事物的抽象的“相似点”来“打比方” ，它不 需要借助比喻词，而是直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系 和相似之处是隐含的。 2基本格式 基本格式：本体 is/are/have/has.喻体 3典型实例 (1) 形容词类 His remarks were rather acid. 他的话有些尖酸刻薄。 Their
27、 faces were alight with joy. 他们因喜悦而容光焕发。 (2) 动词类 Clever children absorb knowledge easily. 聪明孩子容易吸收知识。 It makes my heart ache to see her suffer. 看到她受罪使我痛心。 Some books are to be tasted，others swallowed，and some few to be chewed and digested.一些书可以浅尝辄止；一些书可以囫囵吞枣；而有些书则需要细嚼慢咽， 好好消化。 (3) 名词类 Such people are the backbone of the country. 这样的人是国家的栋梁。 Poor health may be a barrier to success. 健康欠佳可能成为取得成功的障碍。 She has a heart of stone. 他有一副铁石心肠。