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1、古罗马帝国不仅仅在政治上强大，版图上辽阔，在哲学、文学、建筑等方面 它所创造的古罗马文化，也是全人类巨大的精神财富和世界古典文化中的瑰宝。 然而，你知道它是怎样瓦解的吗？ Scientific assumption：the real cause of the Roman Empire collapsing Climate change could have been responsible for bringing down the Roman Empire， scientists believe. Researchers studied ancient tree growth rings t
2、o show links between climate change and major events in human history such as migrations，plagues and the rise and fall of empires. They discovered that periods of warm，wet weather coincided with periods of prosperity， while droughts or varying conditions occurred at times of political upheaval such
3、as the demise of the Roman Empire. To match the environmental record with the historical one，researchers looked at more than 7，200 tree fossils from the past 2，500 years. The study， published in the journal Science， said： The rise and fall of past civilizations have been associated with environmenta
4、l change，mainly due to effects on water supply and agricultural productivity，human health and civil conflict. Wet and warm summers occurred during periods of Roman and Medieval prosperity. Increased climate variability from AD 250 to 600 coincided with the demise of the Western Roman Empire and the
5、turmoil of the Migration Period. 阅读障碍词 1assumption 假设，假定 2collapse崩溃，瓦解 3migration迁移，移居 4coincided with与相一致 5prosperity繁荣，昌盛 6fossil化石 诱思导读 根据短文内容，回答下列问题 1Whats the real cause of the Roman Empire collapsing according to scientists? Climate change. 2Why is the rise and fall of empires associated with
6、 environmental change? Because it affects water supply and agricultural productivity，human health and civil conflict. Section Reading( ) (Welcome to the unit & Reading) .匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思 ( )1.civilization Avt.兴建，创建 ( )2.foundBvt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开 ( )3.pour Cvt.毁坏，摧毁 ( )4.decorateDvt.装饰，装潢 ( )5.disasterEn
7、.废墟；毁坏 vt.破坏，毁灭 ( )6.destroyFvi.涌流，倾泻 vt.倒出(液体) ( )mercialGn.灾难 ( )8.ruinHn.文明 ( )9.fleeIadj.商业的，贸易的 ( )10.remainsJn.遗物，遗迹，遗骸 答案 15 HAFDG 610 CIEBJ .选择下列句中词组的汉语意思 A.保护免受 B.消减 C.和一起 D.出故障 E.结果 F.活埋 1He tried to cut down on smoking but failed. 2They could not have foreseen how things would turn out. 3
8、He was buried alive in the earthquake. 4He sent her some roses together with a love letter. 5The mother tried to protect her baby from every danger. 6The machine broke down at the busy time. 答案 16 BEFCAD Lost civilizations Day 1，15 July I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip.We are in Italy n
9、ow，and tomorrow we are visiting Pompeii.Next week we are flying to China，and going to Loulan， which is known as Chinas Pompeii in the desertBoth Pompeii and Loulan became lost civilizations long ago. Day 2，16 July This morning we attended a lecture (讲座) about Pompeii.The city was founded in the 8th
10、century BC.In 89 BC，the Romans took over (夺取) Pompeii.It then became a rich and busy city.Near the city was a volcano (火山)On 24 August AD 79，the volcano erupted(爆 发 ) and lava， ash (灰 烬 ) and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside.It continued to erupt for the next two days.Many peo
11、ple were buried alive，and so was the cityHow unfortunate(不幸的)！ 失落的文明 第一天，7 月 15 日 能获得这次旅行的机会我感到幸运。现在我们在意大利，明天我们将游览庞 贝。下周我们会飞往中国并打算去楼兰，那是沙漠中的一座被誉为“中国庞贝” 的古城。庞贝和楼兰都是很久以前失落的文明。 第二天，7 月 16 日 今天上午我们听了一场有关庞贝的讲座。这座城市兴建于公元前 8 世纪。公 元前 89 年，罗马人占领了庞贝。后来庞贝成了一座繁华的城市。离该城不远处有 一座火山。公元 79 年 8 月 24 日，这座火山爆发了，岩浆、火山灰以及
12、岩石喷涌 而出，全部倾泻到周围的村庄。火山喷发持续了两天。很多人被活埋了，整个城 市也被掩埋。真是太不幸了！ 助读讲解 which is known as.是非限制性定语从句， 修饰 Loulan。 表示 地点的介词短语置于句首，且句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装语序。so was the city 是倒装语序，意为“这座城市也如此” 。 Day 3，17 July Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2， 000 years ago How amazing！ The city was forgotten for m
13、any years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on itPeople started to dig in the area for treasure，which caused much damageThus，in 1860，the area was put under government protection so it could be preserved and studied. 第三天，7 月 17 日 今天我见到了罗马古城庞贝，它就跟两千年前一模一样。多么令人惊奇啊！ 这座
14、城市多年来一直被人们遗忘，直到 18 世纪时一个农民发现了一块刻有文字的 石头。人们开始在这一区域挖掘寻宝，这造成了很大的破坏。因此在 1860 年，政 府将这一区域保护了起来，便于保存和研究。 助读讲解 as it was 2，000 years ago 中 as 用作连词，意为“正如” ，引导 方式状语从句。 when a farmer discovered.是定语从句， 修饰the 18th century， when 相当于 in which。which caused much damage 是非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主 句。so it could be preserved and
15、studied 是目的状语从句。本句中 so 相当于 so that(为了，以便)。 When I walked around the city，I saw streets just as they had been，with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud (泥浆) on rainy days！I saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintingsI also saw the people who had been b
16、uried alive.It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared， leaving empty spaces in the ash.Years later， researchers (研究者) were able to use these empty spaces to produce truetolife figures of the people who had
17、 died in the disaster.You can see them today in Pompeii，in the same places where the people fell.The volcano is still there，but looks very quiet now.Its hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city！ 当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天 你就不用在泥泞中行走了！我看见了几处装饰着壁画的房子。我也看见了被活埋 的人。原来，火山灰
18、覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了， 只留下火山灰里的人形空当。多年之后，研究者们能够利用这些人形空当制作出 逼真的遇难者轮廓。你现在可以在庞贝看到他们，就在原来他们倒下的同样的位 置。火山还在那里，但现在看起来非常平静。很难想象如此平静的火山如何摧毁 了整座城市！ 助读讲解 as they had been 是方式状语从句。with stepping stones.是 with 复合结构(with宾语介词短语)， 作状语， 修饰 had been。 which 引导定语从句， 修饰 houses。 that 从句为表语从句。 在表语从句中 after 引导时间状语从句。 在
19、 after 引导的时间状语从句中 who 引导定语从句修饰先行词 the people。leaving empty places in the ash 为现在分词短语作结果状语。how 引导宾语从句。 Day 10，24 July Finally，we arrived in Loulan after several days of travelling.This commercial city was busy and wealthy (富有的) about 2，000 years ago.It was a stopping point on the famous Silk Road bet
20、ween the East and the West.It is believed to have been gradually (逐渐地) covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.I am so excited to be here! Day 11，25 July A scholar (学者) from the local cultural (文化的) institute (研究所)，Professor Zhang，told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven
21、 Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom.Sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath (在之下) the sand，together with a lot of treasures，including coins，painted pots， material (物质) such as silk，documents (文献) and wall paintings.When we went to the city，we saw the city walls，palaces，templ
22、es，workshops and towers.We found the ruins most interesting.There was an ancient water system that ran through the middle of the cityThe desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sandwhat a pity！ 第十天，7 月 24 日 经过好几天的旅程，我们终于抵达了楼兰。
23、这座商业城市在大约两千年前也 曾繁华过。 它是连接东西方著名的 “丝绸之路” 上的停靠站。 人们相信， 从公元 200 年到公元 400 年，它已被沙尘暴逐渐吞没。能在这里我好兴奋！ 第十一天，7 月 25 日 来自当地文化研究所的一位学者张教授告诉我们，大约在 1900 年，来自欧洲 的探险家斯文海定发现了楼兰王国的遗迹。斯文发现了埋藏在沙子下面的建筑遗 迹以及许多宝藏，包括钱币、彩绘罐、像丝绸这样的布料、文献以及壁画。当我 们到达这座城市时，我们看到了城墙、宫殿、庙宇、作坊及高塔。我们发现楼兰 废墟非常有趣。有一条古老的供水系统贯穿市中心。这片沙漠曾经是大树成荫的 绿洲，但这些树被砍倒了，
24、导致楼兰这座城市被沙尘掩埋多遗憾啊！ 助读讲解 It is believed to have.中 it 指代上文提到过的 Loulan。 本句使用 了“It is believed to do sth.”句型，常可转换为“It is believed that.”。buried beneath the sand“被埋藏在沙子下面的” ， 是过去分词短语作后置定语。 that 引导 定语从句，修饰先行词 water system。 第一步 速读了解文章主题和段落大意 速读 P4243教材课文，匹配段落大意 1Diary 1 Aa visit to Pompeii city 2Diary 2 Bt
25、he purpose and destination of the trip 3Diary 3 Cthe discovery of the Loulan Kingdom 4Diary 4 Da lecture about Pompeii and the volcano 5Diary 5 Egeneral information about Loulan 答案 15 BDAEC 第二步 细读把控文章关键信息 细读 P4243教材课文，选择最佳答案 1Which disaster destroyed the city of Pompeii? AThe earthquake. BThe snowst
26、orm. CThe volcano eruption.DThe typhoon. 2What were the stepping stones along the road in the city used for? ALeading people walking along the road. BMaking people not step in the mud in the streets on rainy days. CMaking the city more beautiful. DMaking the children avoid walking in the mud. 3Loula
27、n is called Chinas Pompeii in the desert because Aboth of them once had great civilizations Bboth of them once had similar building structures Cthey were both destroyed by volcano eruption Dthey were both powerful in the ancient past 4Which of the following statements is NOT true? APompeii was destr
28、oyed by a volcano while Loulan was gradually covered over by sandstorms. BPompeii was in Italy while Loulan was in China. CBoth of the two cities were discovered by local people. DBoth of the two cities are lost civilizations about 2，000 years ago. 5According to the last sentence，how did the author
29、feel about the loss of Loulan? AExcited.BSorry. CHappy.DSurprised. 答案 15 CBACB 第三步 研读能力升华 接轨高考 根据 P4243教材课文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式 1Both Pompeii in Italy and Loulan in China became 2.lost(lose) civilizations about 2， 000 years ago.Pompeii was founded in the 8th century BC and 3. was taken(take)
30、 over by the Romans in 89 BC.4.On 24th Aug.AD 79，a volcano erupted and the city was buried 5.alive(live)Loulan was a 6.stopping(stop) point on the Silk Road.It was covered by 7.sandstorms(sandstorm)There are the remains of buildings 8.left(leave) Some material such 9.as silk， documents and wall paintings， 10.was(be) found by Sven.