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1、专题 3 代词 【2015 年高考考纲解读】 在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 等。近 3 年来，高考重点考查不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50% 左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。 试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。因此， 做题时要在熟 练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。 【高考真题回顾】 1(2014四川卷 )Shed lived in London and Manchester，but she liked _ and moved to
2、Cambridge. 2(2014重庆卷 )A smile costs _，but gives much. 3(2014浙江卷 )An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year ，making_the driest year since California became a state in 1850. 4(2014陕西卷 )Id appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 5(2014江西卷 ) When shall I c
3、all，in the morning or afternoon? _.Ill be in all day. 6(2014江苏卷 )Good families are much to all their members，but_to none. 7(2014安徽卷 )You can ask anyone for help._here is willing to lend you a hand. 8(2014福建卷 )In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in_ ，knives and forks. 9(2014大纲全国卷) Whos
4、 that at the door? _is the milkman. 10(2013浙江， 11)Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears. Athesee B some C ones D those 11(2013辽宁， 29)To her joy ，Della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colle
5、agues. Athat Bone C ones D those 12(2013江西， 23)_ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it. AAnybody B Everybody CNobody D Somebody 13(2013山东， 21)Ive lived in New York and Chicago ，but dont like _ of them very much. Aeither B any C each D another 14(2013陕西， 22)Although Rosemary had
6、suffered from a serious illness for years ，she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life. Asome B neither Cnone D all 15(2013天津， 12)At our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine. Athem B these Cthose Dones 16(2013四川， 2)The traffic on the main street has a longer green signa
7、l than _ on the small ones. Aone B this Cthat Dit 17(2013新课标，14)Its an eitheror situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _. Aothers B either Canother Dboth 18(2013重庆， 31)Recycling is one way to protect the environment ，reusing is _. Aanother Bthe other Cone anot
8、her Done 19(2013安徽， 27)This project requires close teamwork. _ will be achieved unless we work well together. ANothing BAnything CSomething D Everything 【高频考点】 考点 1、不定代词的用法（none， nothing ，nobody(no one)的用法） 【例 1】 John has tried many ways to solve the physics problems, but _ works. 【变式探究】 I knew that
9、 _ would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director. Asomething Banything 来源 :学科网 ZXXK Ceverything Dnothing 【特别提醒】 none，nothing ，nobody(no one)的用法 non e 指人或物，相当于 no名词；可回答how many，how much的提问； 可与 of 连用 How much money do you have？ None. 你有多少钱？ 来源 :Zxxk.Com 一点也没有。 I want some m
10、ore cheese，but theres none left. 我想再吃点奶酪，但是一点也没剩。 As we were asleep ，none of us heard the sound. 由于我们在睡觉，因此没人听到那声音。 not hing 指物；可回答what 的提问 What are you doing now？ Nothing. 你现在在干什么？ 什么也没干 nob ody (no one) 指人；可回答who 的提问 Who is in the room？ No one/Nobody. 谁在屋里？ 没人。 no one 无任何人nothing无任何物none 无所提及的人、物
11、考点 2、不定代词的用法（either，both ，neither，all ，none，any 的常见用法） 【例 2】 John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday? _. Ill be off to London then. 【变式探究】 He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again. Aneither Beither Ceach D all 【特别提醒】 either，both ，neither，all ， none，
12、any 的常见用法如下： 两者 either 肯定含义作主语时谓语动词常用单数 both肯定含义作主语时谓语动词用复数 neither 否定含义作主语时谓语动词常用单数 考点 3、不定代词的用法（other(s)，the other(s)，another的常见用法） 【例 3】 Recycling is one way to protect the environment； reusing is _. 【举一反三】 Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them. 【变式探究
13、】 The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent. Aany other Bthe other Canother Dother 【特别提醒】 在英语中， other(s)，the other(s)，another是常用的代词，它们的用法如下： (1)other意为“其他的”，其后常接可数名词复数形式，也可接不可数名词，表示泛指概念。 (2)others意为“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名词，因为它相当于“other 名词”结构，也表示 泛指概念。 (3)the other 有两种常见用法： the o
14、ther 意为“其他的”，其后常接可数名词复数形式，也可接不 可数名词，表示特指概念；the other意为“两者中的另一个”，常用于“one.the other.”结构。 (4)the others意为“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名词，因为它相当于“the other可数名词复 数”结构，表示特指概念。 (5)another意为“又 / 再, ”，常用于“ another 基数词名词”结构。该结构相当于“基数词 more名词”这一结构。 考点 4、全部否定和部分否定 【例 4】 Wow! Youve got so many clothes. 来源 :Z,xx,k.Com But _ of
15、them are in fashion now. 【变式探究】Wow ！Youve got so many clothes. But _ of them are in fashion now. Aall Bboth C neither Dnone 【变式探究】 Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but _ of them wants to ， because they have work to do. 来源 :学#科# 网 Z#X#X#K Aeither B any C neither Dnone 【特别提醒】全部否定的不
16、定代词： none, no one, nobody, nothing, neither, not any, no名词。 部分否定的不定代词： not 与 all, both, everyone, everybody, everything等连用，其中not 可以位于句首或句中。 【能力突破】 难点 1、替代词的用法 【例 1】 More than 68,600 foreigners are working in Shanghai.The number is 13 times _ of 1996 ，when Shanghai started issuing expatriate work per
17、mits. Aone B ones C that Dthose 【例 2】 I just choose a simpler lifestyle，_ where I can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive. Athat Bit Cone D another 【名师点睛】 that, it, one, ones, those, the one(s) 等都可以用作代词，但它们所指代的情况不同。 (1)it通常用来指代上文提到过的那个事物，表示特指概念，即指代同一物。 (2)one 表示泛指
18、概念，替代可数名词的单数形式。其复数形式ones 也表示泛指概念，用来替代可数名 词的复数形式。the one(s)也是替代可数名词，但表示特指概念。 (3)that既可以用来指代不可数名词，又可以用来指代可数名词单数形式，表示特指概念， 相当于“ the 名词”结构。 (4)those用来指代可数名词复数形式，表示特指概念，相当于“the可数名词复数”结构。它是 that(指代可数名词单数时) 的复数形式。 (5) 当 that 或 those 在句中指代事物时，它们的后面通常使用一些后置定语，如： Little joy can equal that of a surprising endi
19、ng when you read stories.(that指代不可数名 词 joy) 【特别提醒】 (1)that只能代替事物不能代替人( 定语从句除外) ， one 既可代替事物也可代替人。 (2) “物主代词 own ”之后不能加one。 (3) 一般可以用this one，that one，较少用these ones 和 those ones。当 ones 前有形容词修饰时则 可以用 these 和 those 。 难点 2、it的用法 【例 2】 No matter where he is, he makes _ a rule to go for a walk before brea
20、kfast. 【变式探究】Ive read another book this week. Well ，maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts. Athis Bth at C there Dit 【特别提醒】 it的用法归纳 (1)it的基本用法： it可以用作人称代词，指代事物或上文提到过的内容； 在特定的环境中，也可指性别不详、身份不明的人或婴儿等； 可以表示天气、时间、距离、金钱等。 (2)it充当形式主语或形式宾语的用法 (3) 有关 it的几个易混句型 Its time for sb to do s
21、th It/This/That isthe first/second.timethat sb has/have done sth It will be时间段 before sb do/does sth It is/has been时间段 since sb did sth It is/was具体时间点when从句。 (4)it可以用来构成强调句型 这一句型可以对主语、宾语及状语进行强调。 难点 3、指示代词、反身代词、人称代词的用法 【例 3】Half of_surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to
22、 share their deepest wishes and darkest fears. 【举一反三】Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street? Victoria Street？_ is where the Grand Theatre is. ASuch B There CThat D This 来源: 学科网 ZX X K 【变式探究】 Surprisingly，Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _ almost an overcoat for her. At
23、hem B her C itself D herself 【变式探究】 There is _ in his words.We should have a try. Asomething Banything Cnothing Deverything 【变式探究】 _ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. ASuch B This C That D So 【特别提醒】做题过程中要注意做到以下两点： 1明确指代。我们首先要分析上下文，明确代词所代指的对象；代词指代的是人还是物；代词代 指的是可数名词还是不可数名词；
24、代词代指的是单数概念还是复数概念( 是两者、三者还是三者以上) ； 是特指还是泛指。 2逻辑关系。 做题时， 通过分析上下文所蕴含的逻辑关系做出正确的判断。可以从以下两个方面考虑： 代词表示的范围；代词在句中构成的是全部否定还是部分否定。 【高考预测】 1The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ _on the small ones. 2To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then _of her colleagues.
25、3Sophia waited for a reply, but _ came. 4 Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but _ of them wants to， because they have work to do. 5The price is fine with me. How would you like _ paid? Well, it is up to you. 6I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have eno
26、ugh money to buy _. 7New technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. 8Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning. 9Please write your composition _ line to leave space for the teachers correction. 10Whats _ like to live at the North Pole in winter, can you imagine? Youll have to tolerate extreme cold and the long absence of sunlight.